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- Main article: Wikipedia:Dyson Sphere
A Dyson Sphere (or "shell" as it appeared in the original paper by Freeman Dyson) is a hypothetical mega structure that was originally described as a system of orbiting solar power satellites meant to completely encompass a star and capture its entire energy output. Dyson speculated that such structures would be the logical consequence of the long-term survival of technological civilizations, and proposed that searching for evidence of the existence of such structures might lead to the detection of advanced intelligent extraterrestrial life.
A 3 Meter thick Dyson Sphere with an Earth orbit radius would require an estimated 2.12057325 x 10^23 square meters of material.
Since then, other variant designs involving building an artificial structure — or a series of structures — to encompass a star have been proposed in exploratory engineering or described in science fiction under the name Dyson Sphere. Most fictional depictions of a Dyson sphere describe a solid shell of matter enclosing a star, which is considered the least plausible variant of the idea.
While it is believed that some of these design variants are impractical, if not physically impossible, some designs do not require any major breakthroughs in our basic scientific understanding for their construction.
In Halo
In the book Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, it is revealed that at the center of Onyx is a Slipspace rift that shunts those that pass through it to a Dyson Sphere, called a Shield World. It is separated from normal space-time by advanced Forerunner Slipspace technology. Although Dr. Halsey calls it the Micro Dyson Sphere, the Sphere is 150 million kilometers (or two astronomical units) in diameter. The Micro Dyson Sphere has a spectra and energy output slightly smaller than the dimensions of Sol. This was going to be the shelter where the Forerunners were to seek refuge when Halo activated, but no one knows what went wrong, as the expanse appeared to be completely deserted when UNSC forces arrived. In Halo 3, these circumstances were revealed to be the result of the betrayal of the Forerunner AI Mendicant Bias, whose defection to the Flood forced the Forerunners to abandon their plans to evacuate into the shield installations.
After their arrival in the Dyson Sphere, Dr. Halsey explains the structure. She calls it a Micro Dyson Sphere because it is in fact very small, or perceived to be small when looked at from normal space.
"Entirely true," Dr. Halsey said, "but we have not left Onyx." "This is the part I don't get," Kelly muttered. "The Forerunners' grasp of Slipspace technology was far more advanced than ours or the Covenant's," Dr. Halsey explained. "I believe this sphere resides in the center of the planet, encapsulated and protected by a Slipspace bubble of compressed dimensionality." (Halo: Ghosts Of Onyx Pg. 381)
The Micro Dyson sphere is located in compressed slipstream space. To explain this simply, any object inside might appear to be a certain size, but inside the slipstream bubble it is much larger. They never left Onyx, they simply entered a Slipspace bubble.
"Dr. Halsey stared at them and pushed her glasses farther up the bridge of her nose. "I see. You do understand that while externally, this space may only be a few meters in diameter within the center of Onyx, internally, it's compressed dimensionality gives it a surface area"—she cocked her head, calculating— "many times the surface of the Earth." (Halo: Ghosts of Onyx Pg 382)