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| {{Era|H1|H2|H3|HW|TF|FS|GOO|HE|HGN|SPB|LE|FA}}
| | == Summary == |
| {{Ratings}}
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| <center>''Were you looking for the novel [[Halo: The Flood]], or [[The Flood (Level)|The Flood]], the ninth level in [[Halo Wars]]?''</center>
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| {{Covenant Species Infobox
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| |name=''Inferi Redivivus'' (Flood)
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| |image=[[File:BestiarumFlood.jpg|300px]]
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| |imagecaption=
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| |homeworld=Unknown origin, Extragalactic (first Forerunner contact at G617g)
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| |height=Variable (depending on host)
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| |weight=Variable (depending on host)
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| |skincolor=Variable: green, black, tan (depending on host), however, many hosts mutate to brown and green
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| |distinctions=Significant physiological and psychological mutations. They can also acquire their host's memories.
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| |equipment=Variable, stolen from their hosts:
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| *[[Active Camouflage]]
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| *[[Elite Personal Energy Shield]]
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| |types=*[[Gravemind]]
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| *[[Proto-Gravemind]]
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| *[[Prophet Form]]
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| *[[Flood Juggernaut|Juggernaut Form]] (cut)
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| *[[Pure Form]]
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| **[[Stalker Form]]
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| **[[Ranged Form]]
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| **[[Tank Form]]
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| **[[Flood Infector Form|Infector Form]] (cut)
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| **[[Flood Transport Form|Transport Form]] (cut)
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| **[[Flood Stealth Form|Stealth Form]] (cut)
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| **[[Flood Shield Carrier Form|Shield Carrier Form]] (cut)
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| *[[Combat Form]]
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| *[[Carrier Form]]
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| *[[Infection Form]]
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| |affiliation= ''Inferi'' genus
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| |notable=*[[Gravemind]]
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| *Notable Infected Individuals
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| **[[Captain Keyes]]
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| **[[Prophet of Regret]]
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| **[[Wallace A. Jenkins]]
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| |othernames=*"Flood" ([[Human]] and [[Covenant Empire|Covenant]])
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| *"''Inferi redivivus''" ([[Forerunner]])
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| *"Parasite" ([[Covenant Empire|Covenant]])
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| }}
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| {{quote|One single Flood spore can destroy a species.|[[Rtas 'Vadum]]ee}}
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| '''The Flood''' ([[Latin]] '''''Inferi redivivus'''''<ref name="bestiarum"/> meaning '''"The dead reincarnated"'''<ref>[http://carnage.bungie.org/haloforum/halo.forum.pl?read=865888 '''Halo.Bungie.Org''': Updated and abbreviated list, errors amended]</ref>), or '''The Parasite'''<ref>'''[[Halo 2]]''', level ''[[The Heretic (Level)|The Heretic]]'': Thel 'Vadamee: ''"Noble Hierarchs, surely you understand that once the parasite attacked-"''</ref> as they are known to the [[Covenant Empire|Covenant]], are a species of highly virulent parasitic organisms that reproduce and grow by consuming sentient life forms of sufficient biomass and cognitive capability. The Flood was responsible for consuming most of the sentient life in the galaxy, including the [[Forerunners]], during the 300-year-long [[Forerunner-Flood War]]<ref>'''[[Halo: Combat Evolved]]''', level ''[[Two Betrayals (Level)|Two Betrayals]]'': First cut scene, referenced by [[343 Guilty Spark (Monitor)|343 Guilty Spark]]</ref>. The Flood presents the most variable faction in the trilogy, as it can infect and mutate [[Human]]s and Covenant species, such as [[Sangheili|Elites]], and [[Jiralhanae|Brutes]], into [[Combat Forms]]. They are widely considered to be the greatest threat to the existence of life, or, more accurately, biodiversity, in the Milky Way Galaxy.
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| ==Background==
| | The Flood are a group of parasitic life forms that work to consume everything with sufficient biomass in the galaxy. In natural form, The Flood are reletively harmless. However, after attaching themselves to a host body, they decay and mutate the body to be a soldier or to perpetuate the Flood species by incubating Flood eggs until they've fully developed. |
| The Flood were an extremely adaptable, dangerous, and expendable parasitic life form. They were first encountered in the Milky Way Galaxy by a Forerunner pioneer group on planet [[G617 g1]]. It is a highly infectious viral super cell, and the cause of the "Forerunner-Flood War", which lasted approximately 300 years. They were the reason that the [[Halo Array]] was constructed, as a last final effort by the Forerunners to preserve biological diversity in the galaxy. After exhausting every other strategic option, the Halo Array was fired, resulting in the elimination of the original source of the Flood infestation and the death of every sentient being in the Galaxy. | |
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| The Flood exists in a fairly stable state in the absence of a [[Gravemind]]. They lack the ability to spawn spontaneously and spread by infecting sentient life forms, specifically those that are self-aware and capable of introspection. This stage of a Flood outbreak is known as the [[Feral Stage]].
| | Next to nothing is known about their origin. Some have suggested that the Flood were a weapon of mass destruction that grew beyond their masters ability to control. Others think that they are some kind of primitive life form accidentally discovered by an ancient race. However, their destructive ability is not to be doubted. |
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| During its Feral Stage, the Flood is only capable of local coordination through use of pheromone-based communication. Research indicates that the content of said messages are of very limited complexity. Individual [[Flood Combat Form|Combat]] and [[Carrier Forms]] have access to the skills and memories of their host; however, once an outbreak establishes a viable Gravemind, the [[Coordinated Stage]] begins—and it is at this point the Flood becomes truly dangerous.
| | The Flood were kept by [[The Forerunners]] for scientific study on the [[Halo|Halos]]. |
| With the formation of a Gravemind, the assimilated intelligence and memories of consumed hosts become part of a collective consciousness, which is capable of strategic thinking and commanding individual Flood forms in an organized manner.
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| A Gravemind (like the Proto-Gravemind that gave rise to it) is the fusion of pure Flood Super Cells and the evolved complex neuro-system of one or more sentient entities. The control it exerts over the more mobile forms it creates is accurately likened to an entity's control over its own limbs. Ergo, during the Feral stage, control is localized at the individual level, but once an outbreak enters the Coordinated stage control is assumed by, and broadcast from, a central compound intelligence.
| | == Flood Forms == |
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| Although no data exists from any adequately controlled experiment, data gathered in the field suggests that if a mobile form is removed from the influence of the Gravemind coordinating its group of origin it will revert to a Feral Stage. Insufficient data exists on whether mobile forms of one Gravemind would be influenced by another Gravemind, though logic dictates this would be the case. However, because individual Graveminds are more or less identical and are all striving for the same goal, it is likely that a distinction would be impossible to detect.
| | *[[Infection Form]] |
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| The [[Bestiarum]] states that the society of the Flood closely resembles a "utopian socialist ideal as there is no wealth, no poverty, no want, no crime, and no disease; every individual works for the advancement of the Flood as a whole". It also states that it "is unfortunate that their one overriding goal is to [butcher and consume] every other life form in the galaxy".<ref name="bestiarum"/>
| | *[[Carrier Form]] |
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| ==History==
| | *[[Combat Form]] |
| ===Forerunner-Flood War===
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| {{main|Forerunner-Flood War}}
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| [[File:Ships flood.png|thumb|Flood infested Forerunner ships to spread their conquest to more worlds.]]
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| {{quote|It fed on intelligent life and in doing so, became ever more intelligent itself. The Flood was unique, it used [[Forerunners|their]] very strength against them.|Cortana on the Forerunner-Flood War.}}
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| The Flood are believed to have arrived in the [[Milky Way Galaxy]] from an unknown galaxy, more than 100,000 years prior to [[2552]]<ref>'''Halo 2''', level ''[[Sacred Icon (Level)|Sacred Icon]]''</ref> when they encountered the Forerunners on the planet [[G617 g1]]. Initially, the Forerunners severely underestimated the potential threat this new life form posed, and used tactics more suited to disease outbreak than actual warfare. By the time the infection had begun to spread, the Flood had become a much deadlier and more intelligent foe. The Flood used unarmed civilian assets to penetrate planetary defense groups, first striking at the Forerunner-held planet of [[LP 656-38 e]], bypassing the Forerunner Orbital [[Fleet]], and infesting the planet below. They soon moved to similarly infest the planet [[DM-3-1123b]]. The sheer numbers of Flood forms on the planets overcame Forerunner ground forces . While at first the Flood demonstrated a lack of even "basic cohesion", they had "numerical superiority"; billions of forms dedicated to the assault, and every member of the Forerunner population a potential Flood host. In desperation, the Forerunner's armada was ordered to immediately commence full planetary bombardment on infested worlds, although at a great cost - many Forerunners were unable to be evacuated before bombardment commenced, leaving the Forerunner military with shallow victories against the Flood. In events where the naval garrisons were unable to commence bombardment, major Forerunner population centers appeared to activate localized weapons of mass destruction, effectively committing mass suicide, but stopping the growing infestation.
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| Thereafter, the Forerunners realized that ordinary naval tactics were unable to stem the growing tide of the Flood, and decided to pin their hopes of defeating the Flood on super-weaponry. While the Forerunners initially deployed the [[Sentinel]] robotic drones to fight against and contain the Flood, almost immediately afterward, the [[Forerunner Fleet Command]] contemplated "Premature stellar collapse": using naval battle groups to destroy planetary star systems' primary stars in supernova that would engulf the planetary systems and prevent any possibility of Flood infection.
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| While the Flood were exponentially growing, spreading from system to system with the intent to infect the Forerunner population, not to wage war with Forerunner battle groups, the tide was turning: the Flood had reached sufficient proportions to create a Gravemind form, a creature that embodied a collective sentient intelligence for the Flood species, and one that could coordinate the Flood swarms in intelligent attacks against the Forerunner Fleets. The Forerunners were aware of this, and constructed the [[Contender-class Artificial Intelligence|Contender class]] [[artificial intelligence]] [[Mendicant Bias]] in an effort to destroy this centralized Gravemind and disorganize the Flood. This too failed since Mendicant Bias went rampant and joined the Flood cause to destroy its former masters.
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| The Forerunners began a "Conservation Measure", researching the Flood, while constructing an [[Artifact]] to generate a slipspace portal leading to the [[Installation 00|Ark]] on [[Earth]] and possibly other uninfected home worlds of Tier 7 races they considered "worthy".
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| The Forerunners employed many, many measures, including intricate naval tactics in an attempt to contain the Flood, which ultimately failed. Finally, the Forerunners were forced to a Pyrrhic solution, building seven ring-like super-weapons, known as [[Fortress Worlds]] or Halos, across the galaxy. Because the Flood were parasitic, and their survival was directly linked to the presence of potential hosts, the Forerunners reasoned that eliminating all potential Flood hosts, that is, all sentient life forms in the galaxy, would "render the parasite harmless", as explained by the Forerunner AI 343 Guilty Spark. After all countermeasures failed, the Forerunners activated the [[Halos]] in 97,448 B.C, unleashing galactic destruction, and destroying almost all sentient life forms in the Galaxy. However, the human race and many other species throughout the galaxy survived the firing of the Halos because they were safely spared on the Ark, which was out of range of the Halo Array or protected by the [[Shield Worlds]], which were also out of range.
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| The Flood was contained, and unable to reproduce and grow due to lack of hosts, and eventually died out. The only surviving specimens were contained in state of the art, high-security Forerunner research facilities, such as the Halo Installations and the [[Threshold]] [[Gas Mine]].
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| ===Battle of the Apex===
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| {{main|Battle of the Apex}}
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| Thousands of years after the end of the Forerunner-Flood war, the human ship ''[[Spirit of Fire]]'' jumped from Arcadia to follow the signal of [[Professor Anders]], who had been captured by the Covenant. They were led to an unknown planet, which happened to be a Forerunner [[Shield World]]. Containment measures on this planet had failed catastrophically, and the entire surface of the planet was choked with Flood biomass. Ground forces were deployed to investigate the presence of unknown hostiles sighted by the ship's radar. After fighting their way through Covenant forces, [[Sergeant Forge]] and several Marine squads were attacked by the Flood.
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| The surviving UNSC forces, which included Sergeant Forge, were ordered to recover some [[Elephants]] that were surrounded by Flood forms. After one was rescued, the small squad made their way into a site that would become a base. They then assembled a larger force to rescue the other soldiers. Following their successful rescue, the UNSC forces prepared to engage the Flood.
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| [[SPARTAN-II]] [[Red Team]], while searching for [[Anders]], was ambushed by several Flood forms, which forced their Warthog to crash. The remaining forces at the nearby base, led by Sergeant Forge, moved out to rescue the ill-fated team. As they attempted to rescue the SPARTANs, they soon discovered that the Flood was creating a Proto-Gravemind, and that it may have been jamming the tracking signal that Anders was giving out. On their way to the soon-to-be Gravemind, they encountered several Flood Colony forms, and found that by destroying them, the Proto-Gravemind would become weakened. Once they destroyed the Proto-Gravemind, [[Serina]] found a signal, which was believed to be Anders'.
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| Captain Cutter then ordered all UNSC personnel on the planet to return to the ''Spirit of Fire''. These orders were impeded by the Flood, which attempted to prevent the humans' retreat, but the Flood were eventually held back long enough for the UNSC forces to return to the ''Spirit''. The Flood attacked the ''Spirit'' as it entered the interior of the Shield World, but was wiped off by the ship's crew, Sentinels, and the Shield World's cleansing rings. All the Flood forms on the Shield World were destroyed when Sergeant Forge used the ''Spirit of Fire's'' [[Shaw-Fujikawa Translight Engine]] to destroy the Shield World's internal sun, obliterating all Covenant and Flood forces on the Shield World. The ''Spirit of Fire'' narrowly escaped by performing a hastily-calculated slingshot maneuver around the exploding sun in order to shoot off into space. Without the ''Spirit's'' Slipspace Engine, however, the ship was lost in space, with humanity's only knowledge of the Flood lost with it.
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| ===Battle of Installation 04===
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| {{main|Battle of Installation 04}}
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| ====Release====
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| {{Quote|The only way to stop the Flood is to starve them to death.|[[Cortana]] to [[John 117]] and [[343 Guilty Spark (Monitor)|343 Guilty Spark]].}}
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| [[File:Flood attack.jpg|thumb|[[John-117]] fends off the oncoming Flood [[Combat Forms]] and [[Infection Forms]] on Installation 04.]]
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| Although the first firing of the Halo Array starved large numbers of the Flood, samples of parasitic specimens were kept alive (perhaps in stasis) on various Forerunner outposts for research and further scientific study. One such research site was located on [[Installation 04]]. This proved to be a grave, irreversible mistake, as both Humanity and the Covenant stumbled upon the abandoned ring thousands of years after the firing of the Array and the destruction of the Forerunners and most of the Flood. Cortana, aboard the UNSC ''[[UNSC Pillar of Autumn|Pillar of Autumn]]'', made what was presumed to be a "blind" jump through Slipspace (although it was later revealed that she used translated co-ordinates from a Forerunner artifact found on [[Sigma Octanus IV]]) to evade Covenant pursuers. This led both species to Installation 04, and in turn, the Flood that were kept there. After the crash of the ''Pillar of Autumn'' on the Halo Ring, the surviving crewmembers dug in for what they believed would be a long and brutal guerrilla campaign against the Covenant forces on Halo.
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| Meanwhile, the pursuing Covenant cruisers (among them the ''[[Truth and Reconciliation]]'') amassed their ground forces on the surface, and soon discovered an underground Forerunner [[Flood Containment Facility]] in the swamps of Halo. Due to the secure nature of the facility, the Covenant came to use it as a fortified base of operations and an area for storing weaponry, oblivious to its true nature. Though some of the Flood managed to escape, the terrified Covenant soldiers eventually pushed the Flood back in. It is unknown whether a few still escaped. The Flood escaped due to a leak in the library, allowing them to reproduce by spores.
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| After [[Captain (Navy)|Captain]] [[Jacob Keyes]] was captured by the Covenant for interrogation, he caught wind of this weapons cache and, upon his rescue, organized [[Fire Team Charlie]] to seize it. When the team arrived at the swamp however, they found the facility was completely devoid of Covenant personnel. However, upon takeoff, a Pelican Dropship, whose call sign was [[Victor 933]], which had transported them to the base, crashed into the swamp as a result of enemy action. Then, immediately after the crash, the pilots were able to record a message about their attackers, calling them "Unknown Hostiles". These "Unknown Hostiles" were actually the Flood, and shortly afterward, they could be seen creeping throughout the swamp, as witnessed by John-117 when he was deployed into the area. At first, when he saw the Covenant retreating out of the Forerunner structure running from [[MA5B Individual Combat Weapon System|Assault Rifle]] fire, he believed them to be allied forces. However, after he opened the door that Captain Keyes had unlocked, he learned the truth through Private Jenkins' recording: this was no Covenant weapons cache. He then proceeded to escape, escorted the surviving marines to a drop zone, and encountered [[343 Guilty Spark (Monitor)|343 Guilty Spark]]. Guilty Spark then promptly teleported him into the Library and said, "The Flood is spreading. We must hurry!"
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| The few surviving Covenant soldiers left were scattered and disorganized, and put up little resistance to the new Combat Forms created from numerous Covenant corpses. It is presumed that the Covenant occupants of the research facility had moved through the structure in hopes of finding Forerunner artifacts, and had inadvertently released living Flood specimens. Knowing full well what the Flood are capable of, the Covenant forces promptly locked the facility down and evacuated all personnel who survived the Flood's escape. Keyes and his team were unaware of this fact, however, and proceeded to delve deeper into the facility, ultimately coming across one of the unopened Flood Containment Chambers. Believing it was a weapons cache of some sort, they unlocked the door, and were promptly attacked and assimilated by the Flood inside. With a large supply of "edible" sentient life now occupying the ring, the Flood began to multiply and infest most of Halo. Soon, the infestation proved too great even for Halo's automated military force, the Sentinels, to handle, and the ring's commanding AI, 343 Guilty Spark, was forced to call upon a "''[[Reclaimer]]''" (John-117) to activate the array once more. Hearing of the above events, John-117 was deployed to the area on the drop ship [[Echo 419]], proceeding into the facility, only to find out that most of the Marines he had been assigned to rescue had succumbed to the Flood.
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| These events brought the knowledge of the Flood to the UNSC. In a war of losses, this was another grim revelation for humanity.
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| ====Assault====
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| [[File:Infectionforms Halo1.jpg|thumb|[[Infection Forms]] feeding on dead corpses. Shown in one of the Chambers leading to a Pulse Generator in the Level [[Two Betrayals]], in Halo:CE.]]
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| After the Flood's escape, the Covenant forces, who were widely stretched across [[Installation 04]], were heavily engaged, and were being overwhelmed by Flood forces. While at places, the Covenant were able to hold the line by using vehicular and air support, most of the weaker Covenant soldiers such as [[Grunts]] and [[Jackals]] succumbed easily to the Flood, and the few Elites who remained were outnumbered and destroyed. The [[United Nations Space Command|UNSC]], having a much smaller presence on the Ring, found out about the Flood's might a short while later, when a UNSC [[Orbital Drop Shock Trooper|ODST]] force engaged with the Covenant near [[Alpha Base (Installation 04)|Alpha Base]], was ambushed by the Flood and suffered heavy casualties. However, one of the attacking combat forms, [[Wallace A. Jenkins]], who was one of the Marines in the original expeditionary mission to the supposed arms cache, was infected by a weak and elderly infection form whose powers of infection had been dulled by years of hibernation, making Jenkins' transformation into a combat form incomplete. Jenkins was still able to resist the pervasive Flood entity in his mind, and although incapable of articulate speech and with a physiologically devastated body, Jenkins was still able to betray the Flood through hand gestures during an interrogation with [[Major]] [[Silva]], informing the UNSC Marine battalion that the Flood planned to assault the UNSC base from a series of underground catacombs underneath their base. In response to this intelligence, the UNSC moved to secure them, and prevented the Flood from staging another attack.
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| By the time of these developments, Flood dominance over the Covenant was assured. The Sentinels were unable to contain the Flood, and the Covenant and UNSC were sustaining heavy losses and rapidly losing ground. Meanwhile, the Flood were occupying whole areas formerly held by the Covenant, although Covenant and Flood forces continued to wage war on the massive ice plains of the Ring. Although the Covenant had the benefit of [[Shade]] stationary [[plasma]] turrets and vehicular/aerial support, the Flood had captured both UNSC and Covenant weapons, most notably [[M19 Rocket Launchers]] and massive numbers on their side.
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| The Flood, however, were not unintelligent. One of the UNSC personnel captured in the Marine force to the ex-Covenant arms cache was [[Captain Jacob Keyes]], a brilliant naval strategist of the [[UNSC Navy]]. When he was infected, instead of using him in combat, the parasitic infection form, while deleting his memories, felt that Keyes held vital information. Keyes knew the location of [[Earth]], the birthplace and major planet of the human race, a planet with tremendous possible assimilation opportunities for the Flood. Instead of becoming a combat form, he was merged with at least four other victims into a massive, engorged Proto-Gravemind aboard the [[CCS-class Battlecruiser]], ''[[Truth and Reconciliation]]'', a Covenant warship that the Flood were relentlessly attacking. While he was in the brain form state, the Flood began to comb his memories. [[Captain Keyes]] successfully withheld information about Earth by constantly accessing information available on his [[Command Neural Interface]] such as his name, rank, and serial number, until the [[SPARTAN-117|Chief]] arrived. However, his arrival was too late, for Keyes was already dead. It was at that time the [[SPARTAN-117]] punched a hole in Keyes' skull to get the Captain's CNI.
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| The Covenant Flagship ''Truth and Reconciliation'' was a major point of contention between the [[Covenant Special Operations]] units and the Flood. The Flood had likely entered the warship previously, decimating most of the Covenant crew and garrison on board, leaving only isolated pockets of resistance, mostly small numbers of terrified Grunts and a few Elites aboard the vessel. However, below the ''Truth and Reconciliation'', in a series of rocky canyons, the Covenant were much stronger in force, with large numbers of Elites augmented by Grunts, Jackals, and [[Hunters]], fighting off the Flood. The Covenant High Command on Installation 04, however, were terrified by the Flood presence. Because the [[CCS|''CCS''-class battle cruiser]] had been damaged in a previous space battle with the [[UNSC Pillar of Autumn|UNSC ''Pillar of Autumn'']], it had been grounded, awaiting repairs for at least two days. After The Flood were discovered to be aboard the battle cruiser, the Covenant High Command sent a Special Operations strike force to the ''Truth and Reconciliation'' to commence immediate emergency repairs, prepare it for lift-off into space and neutralize The Flood. These efforts, however, failed, with the Flood eventually retaking the vessel. Later, the remaining UNSC Marine forces on the ring staged an assault on the Flood-held ''Truth and Reconciliation'', and managed to neutralize most Flood forms on the cruiser in a swift assault, and prepared the battle cruiser for take-off with emergency repairs to escape from the ring to Earth. However, there was tremendous risk if the Flood-infected vessel traveled to Earth, if there was even one Flood carrier form aboard, "''Earth could fall,''" according to UNSC [[AI]] [[Wellsley]], because of the Flood's exponential parasitic potential. Against orders, Marine officer [[McKay]] destroyed the warship with whatever Flood forms were still aboard, killing hundreds of UNSC personnel, including an infected Jenkins, but saving Earth and possibly billions of lives from the Flood.
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| ====Defeat====
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| The '''Flood''' appeared to be interested in seizing space-capable vessels, in the hope of spreading itself away from the [[Installation]]s and into the stars: they attacked the UNSC [[UNSC Pillar of Autumn|Pillar of Autumn]] and CCS [[Truth and Reconciliation]], for this reason. After the UNSC cruiser's crash-landing onto the ring, and after engaging over fifteen enemy warships, it had been taken by the Covenant, although a UNSC raid had managed to temporarily retake the hull. On the third and final day of the Battle of [[Installation 04]], however, the Covenant were in control of the crashed warship when a Covenant patrol was ambushed by the Flood and infected; when it returned into the vessel, the Covenant garrison was attacked by Elite Combat forms. The combat forms were able to scatter before they could all be destroyed, and a steady trickle of Flood continued to enter the Pillar of Autumn through vents and openings in the hull, waging a tedious guerrilla battle against the Covenant security force on board. Eventually, the [[Sentinels]] came on board, overwhelming the dwindling Covenant forces as the Flood began to attack the warship in full force, in the end almost completely obliterating the Covenant presence, and severely limiting the Sentinels on board. Despite their best efforts and enormous numbers, the Flood, Covenant, and Sentinels were unable to stop [[John-117]] from detonating the wrecked warship's reactors, and escaping in a [[C709 Longsword-class Interceptor]]. The resulting thermonuclear detonation severed the ring world, destroying it and its capability to annihilate all sentient life, and simultaneously killed all remaining Flood on Installation 04, along with any other life forms that were on the ring.
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| ===Threshold Gas Mine===
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| The Flood were also kept in the [[Forerunner]]-constructed [[Threshold]] Gas Mine, in one of the three peripheral arms of the station. A small [[Covenant Special Operations|Covenant special forces strike team]] of three [[Phantoms]] laden with [[Special Operations Elites]] and [[Grunts]], led by [[Special Operations Commander]] Rtas 'Vadumee and [[Thel 'Vadamee]], were dispatched by the [[High Prophets]]. This was to "silence" [[Sesa 'Refumee]], the leader of the Heretics stationed within the mine encouraging dissent against the Prophets. While the force attempted to track down [[Sesa 'Refumee]] to assassinate him and destroy his forces, the Heretics unleashed the Flood that were held within the station, and there was absolutely nothing the special operations team could do about it.
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| [[File:Dormant flood.jpg|thumb|Dormant Flood in receptacles housed in the Gas Mine.]]
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| During Thel 'Vadamee's pursuit of Sesa 'Refumee, where Thel 'Vadamee neutralized several weapons emplacements. [[Thel 'Vadamee]] and [[Rtas 'Vadumee]], along with Spec Ops Elites and Grunts, entered a laboratory,<ref name="H2Guide">'''[[The Official Halo 2 Strategy Guide]]''', pages 92-95</ref> while Heretics deliberately locked the doors: most likely by design, in order to crush the Special Operations force. The Heretics then released the Flood from containment in that arm of the station, locking Thel 'Vadamee and his five allies into a peripheral laboratory, and then besieging them with Infection Forms while Heretics dueled the Flood underneath them.
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| When that trap failed to annihilate them, instead dealing tremendous damage to the would-be trappers, 'Vadumee retreated to call for reinforcements and coordinate a continued assault while the Arbiter and any remaining allies pursued 'Refumee to a gigantic elevator that ran in the spine of the Flood-infested arm: while presumably used to transport gas conduits, its walls were rampant with ravenous Flood, and it ferried canisters full of Infection Forms. The tenuous, agonizing elevator was nicknamed "A Descent Into Hell".<ref name="H2Guide"/> Thel Vadamee's allies were slowly picked off as Flood attacked the elevator, with Sentinels continually hovering overhead and firing lasers into the chaotic fray. Finally, Thel 'Vadamee left the elevator into a second wide laboratory hall, where the Heretics attempted to lock out both Thel 'Vadamee and the Flood. The Heretics' plan was not flawless, however, and handful of Heretic Sangheili were still present in the second laboratory when the Flood entered, these Sangheili were presumably infected while a horrid tide of Infection Forms, Combat Forms, and Carrier Forms lurched into the hall, and Thel 'Vadamee was forced to defend himself against them until the tide stilled and the doors were opened.
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| The Flood could not be contained in the rooms, however, and attacked both the Covenant assassination force and the Heretics themselves. Their assault was too much for either the Heretics or their attendant Sentinels to contain, and the Flood passed on a pathway between their infested peripheral arm to the central core of the station, where they overwhelmed the Heretics there. Thel 'Vadamee continued to pursue Sesa 'Refumee, but was impeded by large waves of Flood, crushing the outnumbered Heretic Elites, Heretic Grunts, and the ever-dwindling number of Sentinels. Eventually, the Sentinel presence was completely obliterated as the Flood spread to the upper levels of the station. However, Thel 'Vadamee managed to sever the cables that secured the gas mine to its support structure higher in the atmosphere of the gas giant. This caused it to plummet into the maelstrom as the Arbiter tracked down and eliminated the Heretic Leader. While Thel 'Vadamee and 'Refumee were engaged in battle, the Monitor 343 Guilty Spark explained that the act of cutting the cables was a fail safe in case of a Flood outbreak, and that any remaining Flood (and, presumably, remaining Heretics) would be killed once the facility entered the [[Threshold|planet's]] solid Nitrogen core.
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| ===Battle of Installation 05===
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| [[File:H2 Index.jpg|thumb|The Flood were in search of the [[Index]], a device which would deprive [[UNSC]] and Covenant forces from the privilege of assured destruction of the parasite.]]
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| {{main|Battle of Installation 05}}
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| Unlike on Installation 04, where the Sentinels had contained the Flood until the Covenant began to meddle with the Forerunner containment measures, on Installation 05, the Flood had been in continual war with the Sentinels since the firing of the Halos 100,000 years ago. Even up to 2552, the Flood were presumably dwindling with no fresh supply of hosts (perhaps they were involved more in hiding than in open warfare). However, like on Installation 04, the fresh suitable host bodies of a newly-arrived Covenant armada and a UNSC strike force fueled the Flood's exponential parasitic capabilities, and Flood infestation increased at a surprisingly rapid rate, and within hours, Sentinel forces were being overrun, causing a risk that the Ring would fall to the parasite.
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| In order for the activation of the Halos and the facilitation of the ultimate Flood containment measure to occur, a [[Reclaimer]] had to retrieve [[the Index]] from [[Installation 05]]'s own [[Library]], making [[the Library]] a high-priority target for the Flood: if it could control the Library and prevent any Reclaimer from entering, it would make itself essentially invulnerable. Installation 05's Library was nestled in a tenuous series of wintry and snowy canyons and boasted three levels of defense: an exterior [[Sentinel Wall]] kilometers in the distance, an underground honeycombed facility that produced large numbers of Sentinels (that impeded any invaders from advancing), a [[Containment Shield]] (an [[energy shield]] that denied access by any means to the Library until it was deactivated), and a [[Quarantine Zone]] (a type of biological "airlock" to prevent the Flood from spreading any further). This multi-tiered defense was patrolled by hundreds of Sentinels and [[Sentinel Major]]s, and several [[Enforcers]].
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| However, two external forces, the Covenant and the UNSC, wanted the Index as well: the Covenant, to activate the Halos and set off the misinterpreted "sublimation event" of the [[Great Journey]], and the [[UNSC]] to secure the Index and prevent the Covenant from doing so. The Covenant sent a Strike Team of Special Operations [[Elite]]s, commanded by [[Rtas 'Vadum]]ee, and led into battle by [[Thel 'Vadamee]], to retrieve the Index in a multi-staged assault. However, the Covenant first needed to deactivate the Containment Shield by disconnecting its power generator in the center of the Sentinel Wall.
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| Previously, a force of [[Jiralhanae]]s, [[Unggoy]]s, and [[Kig-Yar]]s had been dispatched to complete that operation, but they were overwhelmed by Sentinel defenders and forced into a defensive position instead of an attacking one. Thel 'Vadamee was personally ordered by the [[Prophet of Truth]] to find and retrieve the "Sacred Icon" (the Covenant term for the "Index") for the Covenant. Because the Sentinels activated the Containment Shield, he could not be directly air-dropped to the Library; instead, he had to land at the periphery of the Sentinel Wall, disable the generator, and then proceed to deactivate the generator. [[Tartarus]] deployed Thel 'Vadamee in a Phantom drop ship, where Thel 'Vadamee entered the first half of the Sentinel Wall, where there was evidence of heavy Covenant casualties and abandoned infrastructure, making his way down through the facility and finally deactivating the Containment Shield.
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| While the first half of the Sentinel Wall had remained pristine, the second half, the one buttressing the Quarantine Zone, was infested by Flood. Sentinel resistance had been destroyed in some segments of the Flood-Infested Wall,<ref name="H2Guide"/> and in heavily infested areas, the Flood appeared to be beginning to terraform the Forerunner facility, spreading murky spores into the air. The UNSC deployed a small number of Marines to fight through the Flood-Infested Wall, but they were quickly overrun. Thel 'Vadamee was able to battle through hundreds of Flood forms that had taken up positions in the Wall, which had entered through wall-mounted conduits, although later, the Covenant deployed a team of three Special Operations Sangheilis in the lower levels of the Flood-infested Wall, although they were killed as well. Finally, Thel 'Vadamee was able to make his way out of the Wall, emerging at the ground levels: the Quarantine Zone.
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| With the Sentinel Wall compromised by the Covenant and the Flood, and the Containment Shield lowered by Thel 'Vadamee, there was only one last line of Forerunner defenses: the [[Quarantine Zone]]. There was a significantly elevated number of Enforcers present, even automated sentinel construction factories flying over watch, and automated factories built into the landscape, each churning out Enforcers and Sentinels, further swelling their numbers even in intense combat. Here, the Flood demonstrated their unusual technical aptitude, commandeering Covenant and UNSC vehicles, possessing dozens of [[Ghosts]], [[Type-25 Assault Gun Carriage|Wraiths]], [[Warthogs]], and [[Scorpions]] to do battle with the hovering Enforcers. Flood forces also boasted large numbers of Combat Forms, which appeared to infiltrate the Containment Zone by means of gaping chasms that periodically split the ground, emitting a green mist and appearing to be of indefinite depth, perhaps linkages to the Flood-infested underground.
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| Six Special Operations Elites, along with Rtas 'Vadumee, were airdropped at the periphery of the Quarantine Zone by means of Covenant drop pods, and Thel 'Vadamee joined them, rallying their efforts to secure a landing zone against large numbers of Flood attackers. Using the advantages of elevated ground, [[Shielded Plasma Cannons]], and a [[Deployable Lookout Tower]], the small Special Operations contingent was able to hold an LZ for a Phantom to drop off a [[Spectre]] and a pair of Ghosts. Meanwhile, 'Vadumee commanded his men to assist Thel in forging towards the center of the Flood-infested Quarantine Zone, so that Thel 'Vadamee could reach the Library and secure the Sacred Icon.
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| The Flood, despite a significant vehicular and infantry presence in the Quarantine Zone surrounding the Library, were unable to deny access to the Covenant and the UNSC. [[Miranda Keyes]] managed to slip the [[UNSC In Amber Clad|In Amber Clad]] through the Forerunner Enforcer patrols, while the Covenant launched a ground borne attack, led by Thel 'Vadamee and involving a small team of Spec Ops Elites, using a gondola to get to the index while attempting to control the gondola and keep it from slipping into Flood or Sentinel hands. Later, [[UNSC In Amber Clad|In Amber Clad]] was captured by the Flood.
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| ===Attack On High Charity===
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| [[Spartan-117]], who had arrived with [[Keyes]] and [[Johnson]], met Thel 'Vadamee in the clutches of the Gravemind, the central controlling intelligence of the Flood hive, created from the combined intellect of tens of thousands of assimilated corpses. Gravemind attempted to convince Thel 'Vadamee, against his own beliefs, and through the use of the captured [[Monitor]], [[2401 Penitent Tangent]], and the semi-revived [[Prophet of Regret]] to not activate the ring. Still unswayed, although in question of his religion, Thel 'Vadamee prompted the Gravemind to show him, by "Stopping the key from turning.", transporting Spartan-117 to [[High Charity]], and Thel 'Vadamee to Delta Halo's [[Control Room]].
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| Taking advantage of the distraction that Spartan-117's presence caused, as well as the ensuing [[Covenant Civil War]], Gravemind took the opportunity to deliver himself, as well as a multitude of Flood underlings, onto ''[[UNSC In Amber Clad|In Amber Clad]]'' and then jumped the UNSC ship inside ''[[High Charity]]'', whereupon it immediately crashed into the city's superstructure to deliver its infectious cargo, while a wave of Flood-controlled [[D77-TC Pelican Dropship|Pelican Dropships]] delivered Flood all over the city. The ill-equipped and distracted populace was no match for the Flood onslaught, and the Covenant Holy City was quickly overrun, with even the [[Prophet of Mercy]] falling victim to an infection form.
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| The Flood soon spread to every district, and Flood spores began to infiltrate and overload the ventilation systems; the whole city was becoming Terra-formed into a massive Flood Hive. The Gravemind regularly rebutted the words of comfort the Prophet of Truth delivered to the city’s population over the comm system, to sadistically instill more panic and unease. Spartan-117, having successfully stayed in front of the wave of Flood running rampant in the streets, stowed away on the [[Dreadnought]] that was leading the Prophet of [[Truth's fleet]] to Earth. Cortana, who had to stay behind to manage the situation should Installation 05 be fired, was left in the clutches of the Gravemind, who could potentially learn all possible Human knowledge from her.
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| ===Earth, The Ark, And The Flood's Defeat===
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| [[File:Infection.jpg|230px|thumb|right|UNSC Marines being infected by the Flood.]]
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| {{Quote|"Child of my enemy, why have you come? I offer no forgiveness... a father's sins pass to his son."|[[Gravemind]] on the level [[Cortana (Level)|Cortana]]}}
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| {{Quote|"I am a timeless chorus. Join your voice with mine, and sing victory everlasting."|Gravemind on the level [[Floodgate]]}}
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| {{Quote|"Of course, you came for [[Cortana|''her'']]... We exist together now, two corpses, in one grave."|Gravemind on the level [[Cortana (Level)|Cortana]]}}
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| At the conclusion of the [[Battle of Voi]], with the [[Prophet of Truth]] activating the [[Artifact]] and the Jiralhanae fleet escaping to the [[Ark]], a Flood infested Covenant cruiser appeared out of [[Slipspace]], having penetrated the Elite's blockade of High Charity and crash landed into the city of [[Voi]] in an effort to spread. In order to prevent the Flood from escaping and infecting the entire planet, [[Miranda Keyes]] ordered John-117 to detonate the cruiser's reactors and search the ship for Cortana, causing the city of Voi to be destroyed and the Flood there eliminated. As John-117 and [[Thel 'Vadam]] fought their way to the ship, the [[Shadow of Intent]] arrived and deployed Sangheili task force to aid UNSC marines. SPARTAN-117, with the help of the Sangheili, was able to battle through the Flood forces, including the newly encountered Flood [[Pure Form]]s to reach the crashed cruiser where he found a message from [[Cortana]]. Upon this discovery, 343 Guilty Spark arrived pledging his assistance to the Reclaimers. With the Flood spreading, SPARTAN-117 boarded a Phantom while the Sangheili went on to glass the infected areas. The remaining [[Sangheili]] forces, fulfilling their mission of removing the Flood from Earth, retreated back to the Sangheili Carrier, the [[Shadow of Intent]], along with Cortana's message and Guilty Spark.
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| With the assistance of 343 Guilty Spark, Cortana's message was repaired, revealing a solution to the Flood menace on the Ark. To Lord Hood's disapproval, Miranda Keyes led UNSC forces allied with Thel 'Vadam's and Rtas 'Vadum's Sangheili's through the Portal.
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| On the Ark, while attempting to lower the shield surrounding the Ark's citadel, the infested [[High Charity]] made a Slipspace jump and smashed into the Ark, releasing the Flood inside the structure and causing an infestation on the newly built replacement for the destroyed Installation 04. After retrieving Cortana from the derelict [[High Charity]], SPARTAN-117 was able to kill all Flood present on the [[Ark]] and the [[Installation 04B|replacement]] [[Installation 04]] by first destroying High Charity's reactors, causing a massive explosion and the destruction of the wrecked city, then activating the unfinished Halo using the Index Cortana retained from the first Halo. The ring's activation also presumably killed the Gravemind.
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| ===Aftermath===
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| With the Gravemind destroyed, and all the Flood on the Ark gone, it is probable that the Flood still exist on the other Halo rings, excluding Installation 05 (although it is possible that not all of the Flood on Installation 05 left and there are still some there, since Installation 05 was never destroyed), or any other remaining [[Forerunner]] Installations. The fact that the Flood were never originally from [[Milky Way|this galaxy]] further complicates the issue, and how they arrived leads to more possibilities. It may be that is why the Forerunners preserved some Flood for research on the Halo rings instead of destroying them all, since the Flood would return sooner or later, and it would be better to fight a researched enemy rather than a foreign one. At least for the moment, the Flood are seemingly defeated.
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| ==Biology==
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|
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| [[File:Flood wall.jpg|thumb|right|A wall covered in heavy Flood biomass: evidence of advanced infestation.]]
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| [[File:1246801941-Yuk.jpg|thumb|right|The [[John-117|Master Chief]] stepping in Flood Biomass as he enters the Flood infested ''[[High Charity]]''.]]
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| The Flood, a virulent species of parasites, is an anomaly in all known biology, and an anomaly to regular life. This may be explained by its nature as an extragalactic species, originating from a different galaxy.<ref name="bestiarum"/> It is extremely adaptive, and mutates hosts through different stages of accelerated "evolution", where the body of biomatter accelerates its own evolution to the point of a massive biological breakdown, where by the infection can first take place. The species can reproduce without host bodies, though this is described as a last ditch effort, and only performed by pure Flood forms.
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| The only known pathway for Flood reproduction and survival is by the infestation and assimilation of other species. They do this through a form of cellular reproduction known as lysogenic replication where the viral cells infect host cells with their own genetic code which mutates the host cells into viral forms.
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| Capable of surviving extreme environments ranging from -75 to +53 degrees Celsius and even underwater (in early stages of life), the Flood can withstand harsh environments of all known colonized planets.
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| It would seem that the Flood can infest any living organism, but that they prefer hosts with a large brain capacity to accelerate the formation and expansion of the Gravemind hive intelligence and the Flood intelligence as a whole. They are only as intelligent as the beings they infect; the more cunning the enemy, the more dangerous the Flood will be.
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| As the Flood spread and replicate, they will alter the environment to better suit their needs. This takes the form of biomass growing on any available surface, and the air being filled with spores. This appears to be part of the Flood life cycle and is done automatically, and leads to the development of a Gravemind and a [[Flood Hive]].
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| The Flood seem to thrive in moist and humid areas, which lends itself to the fact the the Quarantine Zone is bereft of organic life, and is cold and perpetually snowy, to hinder the development of the Flood.
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| ===Neurological===
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| Infection forms selectively target other species that possess sentient intelligence and are of sufficient biomass, and can infest living or lightly wounded dead bodies. Infection forms have long tendrils that pierce the skin of the host and find their way to the spinal cord. From here they synchronize with the host, matching frequencies with the host's nervous system and killing them almost instantly. From there, they take control of the host body, replacing whatever mind originally resided there with the ravenous and voracious psyche of the Flood, although certain higher-level cognitive abilities, such as combat techniques and technical knowledge which may be useful are retained, scanned from the victim's brain after death. Despite this lingering of certain memories, no trace of the original mind's personality remains; only a simplistic and primal urge to assimilate or destroy other species drives the organism after infection. In isolated cases, such as when the Flood seek very specific information from an individual's mind, they utilize an alternate, undescribed method of infestation that does not kill the host immediately; this allows the Flood to "burrow" into the host's mind, eventually giving them access to the entire scope of the host's memories. This has only been specifically seen when the Flood sought information from Captain [[Jacob Keyes]], such as the location of Earth or a starship that would free them from [[Installation 04]].<ref>'''[[Halo: The Flood]]''', page 175</ref> In addition, if the Infection Form that initiates assimilation is extremely aged or damaged somehow, the death of the host can be removed from the equation entirely; Private [[Wallace Jenkins]] suffered such a fate, remaining alive and fully aware of his situation despite the mutation of his body, even exhibiting limited control over his body at times when the Flood instincts were dormant.
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| If a greater Flood intelligence, such as a [[Gravemind]], is activated, then it is capable of overriding the primitive instincts of all other Flood forms, taking direct control of each and every Flood organism and making them much more dangerous as a result of being guided by a sentient mind. It is unknown what would have happened to a still-living host such as Private Jenkins when a Gravemind attempted to influence control over it, as no living hosts were ever encountered after the activation of a Gravemind. In addition to controlling the physical movements of the host body, the Gravemind can utilize the vocal cords of combat forms made from former Jiralhanae, Humans, and Sangheili to communicate, as well as the moans they use as observed on [[The Covenant (Level)|The Covenant]] where the drop pod crashes into the third shield tower.
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| ===Physiological===
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| While baseline neurological assimilation is the same regardless of host species, The Flood's infestation includes physiological mutilation, which is species-specific.
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| Higher-level species capable of combat, such as Humans, Jiralhanae, or Sangheili are selectively infected to become Combat Forms. Combat Forms retain the general profile of their original species, although they are significantly mutated. Organ-based systems' physiology are corrupted, organ-specific functions are decentralized, and body cavities are decayed, making hitbox-selective incapacitation impossible; organ functions are decentralized, thus, decapitation does not down a combat form. Furthermore, highly area-specific munitions, such as sniper rifle projectiles, are completely ineffective, as picking off selective areas of a combat form leads to no wide-scale physiological impediments, and the projectile will punch through the decayed flesh rapidly, exiting through the other side of the combat form without consequence.
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| Combat forms also generate tentacles very quickly without regard for the skeletal structure of the host, with tentacles protruding from the combat form at odd locations, typically localized to the chest axial regions, such as the neck, armpits, or torso. A single arm is oftentimes mutated to a claw like or tentacle-like structure that splits into multiple angular, hand-like structures replacing the hand's usage, yet it will still be there. The musculature of the combat form dramatically changes as well, and the form is given prodigious arm and leg strength, allowing for heavy blows with its arm-like structures and for incredible speed and jumping height with its legs. The Flood are also prodigious climbers, able to scamper on walls with little hindrance to the organism . Metabolic requirements, however, appear to be extreme on the organism: blood vessels become extremely prominent on the surface of the Combat Form, with thick and distinct blood-colored vessels spawning all across the creature's surface, most prominently so on the head.
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| ===Countermeasures===
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| [[File:Flood Eat.jpg|thumb|A Marine being attacked by an Infection Form.]]
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| There is no confirmed way to effectively stop a Flood infection when an Infection Form attacks a host. However, two possible exceptions are known. One of which is to contract the disease "[[Boren's Syndrome]]", a neurological condition where radiological exposure causes electrical anomalies in the host nervous system, similar to some of the effects caused by several biologically enhancing drugs used in the [[ORION Project]], the precursor to the [[SPARTAN-II Program|SPARTAN Program]] . In the case of both neural frequencies of the host are scrambled, apparently without major negative manifestations to the host. However, it has been suggested that during Flood infection, the infection form is unable to tap into the host's nervous system to kill and consequently infect them. Thereforet is unable to proceed to a large-scale physiological mutation, although Flood DNA is sliced into host's DNA, apparently imparting the host with increased regenerative capabilities, although this has not been independently verified. [[Avery J. Johnson]], having Boren's Syndrome, escaped the containment facility where The Flood attacked two squads of UNSC Marines. However the Boren's Syndrome was a story invented to cover his past in the [[ORION Project]] and the side-effects of his (experimental) enhancements, so the validity of each as a countermeasure against Flood infection is questionable. In the novel [[Halo: The Flood]], [[Cortana]] uses an electrical charge which she generates from [[Master Chief]]'s suit to destroy an infection form that was attempting to infect him.
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| While Boren's Syndrome left untreated may leave the victim immune to the Flood, leaving it untreated usually equates to death within a couple of years. There is said to be a one in a billion chance that research, from someone so inflicted with Boren's Syndrome in a way that they cannot be infected, could be carried on to produce a cure.
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| Since the Flood is a parasitic life form, they depend on other organisms for survival. Thus, the only logical foolproof way to eliminate them permanently is to take away their food sources. The Forerunners attempted this by bombing large population centers, but this was seen as one of their last resorts and as such was performed too late in the war to make much difference. The absolute last resort was the use of the Halo installations, which effectively destroyed all life in the galaxy and starved the Flood into extinction. However, the Forerunners' plan included some measures to preserve sentient life and return them to their home planets, allowing the Flood's "food source" to persist. Unfortunately, at the same time, specimens of Flood spore cells were kept for analysis on the Halo Installations, allowing the threat of the Flood to be merely forestalled, not eradicated.
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| Environmental stimuli seem to have an effect on Flood metabolism. Halo installations typically artificially incorporate low temperature into environments suffering Flood outbreak and to create natural obstacles to Flood progress, regarded as [[Quarantine zone]]s.<ref>'''Halo 2''', level ''[[Quarantine Zone (Level)|Quarantine Zone]]''</ref> [[Cold Storage (Level)|At least one]] Flood Research Facility used low temperatures to keep its specimens inactive and dormant as it studied them.<ref>'''[[Halo 3]]''', multiplayer level ''[[Cold Storage (Level)|Cold Storage]]''</ref> This may be the reasoning behind keeping Installation [[Control Room]]s in low degree weather, impeding their occupation by the Flood. The Flood are also vulnerable to temperatures on the other end of the spectrum. Plasma weapons will burn through them, as well as [[Sentinel Beams]], which were specially designed to counter the Flood, indicating that the Forerunners had determined energy weapons to be the best 'basic countermeasure' available to fight the Flood. It may be a side-effect of the Flood's conversion of the body into biomass, breaking down cellular integrity and increasing flammability.
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| ===Developmental Stages===
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| The Flood go through four distinct developmental changes.
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| #[[Feral Stage|'''Feral''']] stage is the lowest form: communicating via pheromones, and have the natural instinct to harvest enough calcium to establish a viable Gravemind. (Seen in ''[[Halo: Combat Evolved]]'' and ''[[Halo Wars]]'')
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| #[[Coordinated Stage|'''Coordinated''']] stage is when the Flood become truly dangerous; they are now controlled by the Gravemind that was created in the first stage. (Seen in ''[[Halo 2]]'')
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| #[[Interstellar Stage|'''Interstellar''']] stage allows the Flood to take control of most technology and spread throughout the galaxy to infect more hosts. (Seen in ''[[Halo 3]]'')
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| #[[Intergalactic Stage|'''Intergalactic''']]<ref name="bestiarum">'''[[Beastiarum]]'''</ref> is the last known stage the Flood enters, theoretically, in which it utilizes all captured technology to depart to uninfected galaxies to further replicate. It is assumed that the Flood that had arrived in the Milky Way had descended from Intergalactic level Flood.
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| ===Flood Forms===
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| The most basic form of Flood evolution is the infection form, unique in its distinctive spherical shape. The infection form is used to infect organisms of other species, physically adhering to their surfaces and inserting tentacles, forcibly "hacking" into its host's nervous system, completely changing its psychology to that of the Flood's, and eventually physiologically mutating it into one of the various parasitic Flood forms of whatever the victim may be. The Elite combat form, may use the shield in the armor of the host. The Tanks form, is about the size of a hunter, and can release infection forms from its body. It can mutate into two different forms: Stalker form, and Ranged form.
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| {{Flood}}
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| ==Combat Behavior==
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| [[File:Floodambush.jpg|thumb|right|The Flood emphasizes "numerical superiority" in engagements and also aggressive swarming tactics.]]
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| While possessing an unusual sentient intelligence, with Combat Forms still retaining extremely high-level cognitive functions such as vehicular operation, traits such as dexterity and complex battlefield tactics are notably lacking in the Flood, especially in their psychological and combat behavior. While the Gravemind coordinates Flood strategy on a galactic scale, small encounters are not coordinated between individual Flood warriors.
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| The Flood's strategy is simple: They throw themselves at potential hosts in huge numbers and with any and all weapons available. Flood tactics are based primarily on asymmetrical warfare: the Flood uses all types of its different forms to kill the enemies that it sees. Infection forms swarm across the battlefield in waves, reanimating any corpses they can find, while Combat forms attack and kill any hosts in sight. Pure forms, if present, provide support to Combat forms in a number of ways: Stalker forms move to strategic positions and mutate into either Tank or Ranged forms, which can destroy enemy vehicles or fortifications or provide suppressing fire from afar.
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| The Flood have a strong preference for close-range combat: combat forms possess abnormally strong melee attacks by whipping their tentacles, capable of dropping a SPARTAN-II MJOLNIR armor’s shields in half with a single hit. Carrier forms cause tremendous devastation at close ranges, and their explosions are extremely devastating to friends and foes alike at close range, with the added benefit of disseminating infection forms in the immediate vicinity of enemies. Infection forms are capable of attacking only at point-blank ranges, exploding in damaging bursts when meeting an opponent's personal [[energy shields]] or instantly grabbing hold of an unshielded enemy organism and infecting it. Combat forms can also use firearms, and have been seen clutching them in one of their hands (regardless of whether it is one-handed or two-handed). However, combat forms are extremely poor warriors at range with ranged weaponry: it is believed that the neurological ramifications of Flood infection significantly decrease accuracy, as well as weapon recoil if held in only one hand. The Flood are mostly only dangerous with heavy weaponry, such as the [[M19 Rocket Launcher]] or the [[M90 Shotgun]], and are curiously ill skilled with close-quarters weapons such as the [[Energy Sword]]. However, it is still possible that a Flood with a Energy Sword can kill a fully shielded Elite or Spartan in one blow.
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| However, as mentioned previously, the Flood demonstrates a curious higher intelligence despite their poor combat aptitude and coordination. The Flood collectively learn any general information a species possess, even if only one member of that species is assimilated. For example, during the ill-fated raid on the ''[[Infinite Succor]]'', after even one Sangheili was assimilated, all the Flood could open any doors and access any system on the ship immediately afterward, demonstrating that the Flood can share collective knowledge across their species. Furthermore, when the Flood assimilated the Prophet [[Legate]], the Flood reflected the high-level knowledge of the Legate through its individual organisms to Special Operations Commander Rtas 'Vadumee, mocking him with the words, "''the Forerunner could not defeat us...what chance you?''". The Flood, however, reflect unusual knowledge in the individual psychologies of its individual species in processes facilitating increased infestation: The Flood were sighted gathering bodies in the corners of the Covenant ship ''Truth and Reconciliation'', perhaps making it easier for Infection Forms to find hosts to reanimate. The Flood were also gathering body parts for a new [[Brain Form]] aboard the ''Infinite Succor''.
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| [[File:Catch.jpg|thumb|right|Typical Flood combat behavior: ravenously targeting the nearest enemy, with infection forms running ahead of combat and carrier forms.]]
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| Flood Combat forms have been sighted crudely operating [[Ghost]]s, [[Warthog]]s, [[Type-25 Assault Gun Carriage|Wraiths]], and [[Scorpion]]s in ground operations, although with slow deliberation and clumsy driving and accuracy. The assimilated crewmen of the [[UNSC Frigate]] [[UNSC In Amber Clad|In Amber Clad]] were also able to initiate a [[Slipspace]] micro-jump for the frigate and perform rudimentary maneuvering of the ''In Amber Clad'', navigating the frigate from the atmosphere of ''[[Delta Halo]]'' to ''High Charity'' and then crashing the vessel into a tower, releasing Pelican dropships to rain down upon the capital.
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| The Flood's millennia of existence has made the assimilation process extremely brief: hosts killed in a short firefight can be reanimated within seconds to minutes by an infection form, and live creatures can be mutated into fully developed combat forms within the same time frame. Sometimes the rate of the mutations can vary in very rare cases: when Rtas 'Vadumee battled his comrade-turned-combat form Bero 'Kusovai aboard the ''Infinite Succor'', 'Kusovai continued to mutate throughout the duration of the battle at a restrained and constant rate. Though never seen within the story, it can be assumed infection forms were involved in infecting a victim. Before being killed to prevent him becoming a Flood Combat Form, one of the Sangheili accompanying Rtas 'Vadumee has a wound in his chest that is consistent with the entry point for an infection form.
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| The Prophet of Truth in his final moments was infected by the Flood and began to mutate, but the rate and nature of his transformation was not consistent with the usual process when a sentient being is taken by a Flood Infection Form. It is likely that this was influenced by the nearby Gravemind, who was either controlling the Infection Form's activity, or controlling the mutation of the Flood spores within Truth's body.
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| == Notable Victims ==
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| {{col-begin}}
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| {{col-2}}
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| *[[Minister of Etiology]]
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| *[[Wallace A. Jenkins]]
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| *[[Captain]] [[Jacob Keyes]]
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| *Sub-Commander [[Bero 'Kusovai]]
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| *[[Private (UNSC)|Private]] [[Manuel Mendoza]]
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| *[[Lance Corporal]] [[Eugene Yate]]
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| {{col-2}}
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| *[[Prophet of Mercy]]
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| *[[Private (UNSC)|Private]] [[Riley]]
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| *[[Prophet of Regret]]
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| *[[Prophet of Truth]]
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| *[[Bok]]
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| {{col-end}}
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| ==Tactics==
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| ===Halo: Combat Evolved===
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| It is best to use the [[MA5B Assault Rifle]], Shotgun, or [[M6D Pistol]] against the Flood. The pistol is capable of killing a combat form with a single shot to the chest, but is generally not recommended for mass engagement, as its medium rate of fire and small magazine size can lead the player into a position where they are surrounded by Combat Forms, therefore, it is best to only apply it in long-range combat. Furthermore, Combat Forms have a tendency to revive after being shot once with a pistol. The [[Plasma Rifle]] is also a good weapon of choice to use (if the assault rifle/shotgun are unavailable) as its high rate of fire can quickly destroy infection forms while still being potent enough to destroy the combat forms.
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| The Sniper Rifle is ineffective against the combat forms and will not kill them. The Shotgun, on the other hand, is the best choice against Flood Forms, as it usually finishes them off in one or two shots, especially Combat or Carrier Forms. On lower difficulties, Shotgun ammo is almost always available.
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| The Assault Rifle, an all-round effective weapon with large spread range, is superb against masses of combat forms and infection forms. Never bother to melee Combat Forms or Carrier Forms, as it is practically useless and very time consuming. For infection forms however, a single melee can take down four to five of them.
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| All in all, the most practical option is to have a shotgun for close-up/quick work, and a Pistol or Assault Rifle for longer range. The pistol is most useful for the level [[Two Betrayals]], while the Assault Rifle/Plasma Rifle is preferred on [[The Library (level)|The Library]] due to the levels cramped nature.
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| It is possible to shoot the arms off of Combat Forms (alive or dead). Dismembered Combat Forms pose no threat. This works well on the level [[Keyes (Level)|Keyes]].
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| ===Halo 2===
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| Dual wielding [[SMGs]] and other dual-wielding weapons has proven to be very effective, as well as the [[Sentinel Beam]], [[M90 Close Assault Weapon System#M90 Mk II|Shotgun]] and [[Energy Sword]]. [[Plasma Pistols]], however, are the least useful. Dual-wielding [[Plasma Rifle]]s, and aiming at the arms of the Flood is more than enough to rip them apart easily. The arms will come off quickly and therefore leave the combat form, quite literally, unarmed. They will waddle about and explode after a few seconds. There is also a way of killing combat forms in one shot. On the chest, you can see the infection form's tentacles waving about. This is where the infection form has burrowed. Shoot the infection form, and unless the combat form is utilizing shields, the combat form will die.
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| The SMG is also an excellent weapon against the Flood, as long as ammo is in large supply. Also effective is the [[BR55 Battle Rifle]], as aiming for the Infection Form in the chest of a Combat Form will kill the Infection Form controlling it in a single burst. It is often a good idea to use the [[Brute Shot]]'s melee, as it will have the same effect as an Energy sword on Combat Forms; it will destroy the body and prevent Infection Forms from reanimating it. For one of the best combos, use Dual [[SMG]]s for Combat and Infection Forms, and keep a [[M90 Close Assault Weapon System#M90 Mk II|Shotgun]] in reserve. Another highly effective combo is to carry a [[BR55 Battle Rifle|Battle Rifle]] for engaging the Flood at long ranges and carrying a [[M90 Close Assault Weapon System#M90 Mk II|Shotgun]] for when you don't have enough time to be precise with your aim. A good strategy on The Oracle is to dual wield a pair of [[Needlers]], you can usually do this without running out of ammo. Also, don't let the infection forms touch you if you have no shields; otherwise, they will kill you instantly.
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| ===Halo 3===
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| The [[Type-3 Antipersonnel/Antimatériel Incendiary Grenade|Incendiary Grenade]] instantly destroys all pure Flood forms and is the one true weakness of all pure Flood forms, as well as its Support Weapon counterpart the [[M7057/Defoliant Projector|Flamethrower]]. Also, all forms can be instantly destroyed with a melee, with the exception of the Pure Forms, which cannot be revived anyway when killed. There is also a way of killing combat forms in one shot. On the chest, you can see the infection form's tentacles waving about. This is where the infection form has burrowed. Shoot the infection form, and unless the combat form is utilizing shields, the combat form will die. However, the corpse will be susceptible to infection by another infection form unless the body is in fragments. Infection forms can then infect whole combat forms if their body still resides on the floor.
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| Plasma weapons are also very good to have when fighting the Flood, since the plasma melts the bodies. The [[Sentinel Beam]] is also very accurate when shooting the Flood because it also melts their bodies which kills them faster.
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| ===Halo Wars===
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| Their tactics on ''Halo Wars'' are very similar to those they perform on the Halo Trilogy; they can obviously infect Humans, Elites, Brutes and now even Jackals and Grunts with their Infection Forms, and usually attempt direct attacks with large groups. They possess large tentacle-like Flood forms and large pods that can pin in and attack vehicles, in the case of the Elephants they capture, which is an in-game objective to rescue in the [[Anders' Signal (Level)|first level where are encountered]] in-game. The Flood establish bases by capturing and spreading an infestation on enemy bases.<ref>'''[[Halo Wars]]''', level ''[[Anders' Signal (Level)|Anders' Signal]]''</ref>
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| The Flood have been confirmed by Ensemble to have been made overpowering to both UNSC and Covenant forces to keep their appearance terrifying. Early in development, Ensemble considered making the Flood a playable race, but this idea never made it past the concept stage. According to lead designer Graeme Devine, the main issue was that in order to balance the Flood with the UNSC and Covenant, the Flood would have to have been similar to StarCraft's Zerg, which did not mesh with the Flood's role in the games, to be "the single scariest thing in the galaxy."
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| ==Changes==
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| ===Changes from Halo: Combat Evolved to Halo 2===
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| *The Flood can make screeches and roars, which were not present in the first game. Although they still continue to make low growls upon sighting Spartan 117.
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| *Skin is more textured, giving the Flood a more realistic and disgusting look. The faces of the human forms are also more readily recognizable.
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| *If a Combat Form has both arms shot off, it will walk slowly then explode, releasing an Infection Form. This eliminated the Flood Buddy glitch.
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| *Rather than having to "gather bodies," the Flood can seemingly infect hosts over the course of a few minutes or even a few seconds.
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| *Rather than corpses re-animating themselves, an [[Infection Form]] will enter the body, then re-animate it.
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| *If a player is jumped by an Infection Form while their shields are down, they will die instantly. In ''Halo: Combat Evolved'', it would simply take a bar of health away.
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| *Some Combat Forms derived from Elites still have functional energy shields.
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| *The Gravemind is introduced, making the Flood a more significant faction in the series.
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| *The Flood can use vehicles, albeit clumsily.
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| *The melee attack does little to no damage against the Flood in ''[[Halo: Combat Evolved]]''. It does a bit more damage in ''[[Halo 2]]''.
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| *The Flood appears to be "smarter" when in combat, preferring to stay back and fire on the player rather then "rush" him/her. This could be because of a Gravemind or merely the AI code got updated.
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| *In ''Halo: Combat Evolved'' a [[Combat Form]] would walk slowly when shooting at the player. When losing the arm that shoots, it would go "berserk": charging at the player, madly flailing its arms. In ''Halo 2'', the combat forms can "decide" whether to use a melee attack or to shoot at the player.
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| *If a player is wielding an [[Energy Sword]] or [[Shotgun]], a [[Combat Form]] may retreat. They will not do this if a player is wielding other weapons.
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| *A [[Flood Juggernaut|Juggernaut]] Form was put in, but was not placed in any accessible area of the game, although it was kept on the disc.
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| *Unlike ''Halo: Combat Evolved'', shooting one [[Infection form]] will not result in the rest of the swarm exploding with it, although there is a significant decrease in their number.
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| *[[Elite]] Combat Forms do not have the [[active camouflage]] anymore.
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| *Flood Combat Forms do not "feign death" anymore.
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| *Flood Combat Forms can board the players vehicle, and then will proceed to melee the player.
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| *Infection Forms appear less textured and detailed than in Halo CE.
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| ===Changes from Halo 2 to Halo 3===
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| *[[Brute]]s may now be infected and transformed into Combat Forms. | |
| *Melee attacks and plasma weapons were nearly useless in ''Halo: Combat Evolved'' and ''Halo 2'', but now can be used effectively against the Flood.
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| *Also, any weapon can be used to dismember Combat Forms, either by melee or shooting. A realistic touch, considering the Flood's weak, rotten flesh. Thus, all Combat Forms are significantly easier to kill.
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| *Infection Forms can mutate humans, unshielded Elites and Brutes into Combat Forms in a matter of seconds.
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| *Pure forms are introduced, consisting of the [[Flood Tank Form|Tank Form]], the [[Flood Stalker Form|Stalker Form]], and the [[Flood Ranged Form|Ranged Form]]. In addition, the [[Flood Growth Pods]] and [[Flood Dispersal Pod]]s can be seen in the Eighth Playable Campaign mission, "Cortana."
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| *Gravemind has the ability to speak through his minions during combat.
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| *Combat Forms wield weapons far less than in both ''Halo: Combat Evolved'' and ''[[Halo 2]]''.
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| *Carrier Forms release significantly more Infection Forms when they explode. The explosion does not push the player away much as in ''Halo: CE'' and ''Halo 2''. In addition, Carrier Forms are significantly more difficult to kill with projectile weapons, but they are easily destroyed by plasma weapons.
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| *If an Infection Form hits you while your shield is down it will not only make a crunching noise, but also it will most likely kill you on higher difficulties.
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| *Running over Infection Forms in a vehicle can result in a bumpy ride. The Infection Form that was hit by the vehicle will not pop.
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| *Carrier forms will blow up and no infection forms will come out if it is hit by an incendiary weapon, a Plasma Grenade, or Spike Grenade.
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| | *[[Brain Form]] |
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| ===Changes from Halo 3 to Halo Wars===
| | *[[Gravemind]] |
| *In Elite forms at least, Flood Combat Forms no longer push back the heads of their victims. In fact, the Elite's head now moves with the form as if the Flood actually use it now. In addition, Flood Combat Forms have more tentacles than before, and resemble spikes rather than flexible appendages. | |
| *Infection forms are somewhat "chubbier" if compared to the trilogy version.
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| *Grunts and Jackals are now able to be converted to Combat forms.
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| *The Infection Forms don't "explode" when they are shot in the cinematics.
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| *There are many new forms of Flood introduced.
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| *Carrier Forms don't always explode upon death.
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| ==Trivia==
| | Also: |
| *Part of the Flood's Binomial nomenclature, ''Inferi'', is Latin for "The Dead", and could be a reference to Roman mythology, as this was their name for the Netherworld and it's inhabitants. ''Inferi'' means 'The Dead' and ''Redivivus'' means 'renovated, reconstructed, rebuilt or recycled' so literally ''Inferi redivivus'' means 'The Dead Reconstructed'.
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| *The Flood bear a strong visual resemblance to an enemy cut from ''[[Marathon|Marathon 2]]'', the “fungal zombie.” They were to be the result of a bioweapon invented in the final days of the ancient S'pht and reused by Robert Blake's forces on Lh'owon, designed specifically to target Pfhor. Both the fungal zombies and Flood were principally designed by [[Robert McLees]].
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| *There is a species of fungi that is frighteningly similar to the Flood, the ''Cordyceps unilateralis''. They attack carpenter ants and take over their neural system in order to make the ants go to high places. By the time it gets there, it's been rotted from the inside out like a Flood host and it releases spores from that vantage point.<ref>[http://neurophilosophy.wordpress.com/2006/11/20/brainwashed-by-a-parasite/ '''Neaurophilosophy''': Brainwashed by a parasite]</ref>
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| *In a PC World article, the Flood was voted as #31 of the top 47 "most diabolical video game villains of all time."<ref>[http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/id;338891934;pp;1 '''PC World''': The 47 Most Diabolical Game Villains of All Time]</ref>
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| *The Flood were inspired by Christopher Rowley's [http://www.christopherrowley.net/novels/VangSeries.html The Vang].<ref>[http://www.gamespot.com/xbox360/action/halo3/news.html?sid=6162009&mode=previews&msg_sort=1&cpage=11 '''Gamespot''': Halo - Q&A]</ref>
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| *In ''[[Halo: The Flood]]'', Master Chief was attacked by an Infection Form while his shields were low. The Infection Form had slit the under parts of his armor, exposing his neck, and almost tapped his spinal cord. If not for the quick use of an electrical shock by Cortana to kill the form, Spartan-117 would have been infected like many before him.
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| *The name "the Flood" is a reference to the biblical story about the Great Flood in which God destroyed all life except for that which was carried by Noah's Ark.
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| *In ''Halo 2'', Combat Forms will go berserk if you kill their allies near them. They drop their weapon and charge at the nearest enemy.
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| *In ''[[Origins]]'', during the scenes in which the Flood attacks the [[Forerunner]] planet, there appear to be many types of Flood, from very large, near-[[Gravemind]]-like ones that could level buildings, to flying versions of [[Infection Forms]]. In addition, some of the variations seen in ''Origins'' are based on concept art for the original game.
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| *Sergeant [[Avery J. Johnson]] is the only known human to survive a direct assault by an Infection Form without aid. This is due to the fact he is a member of ORION and his genetic makeup is different than that of a regular human being.
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| *The Flood seems to be the reason for the "Gore" label on the Mature rating. In all three games of the Halo trilogy, it is rated for "Blood and Gore", but in ''[[Halo 3: ODST]]'', which uses the exact engine of ''Halo 3'', it is only labeled for having "blood", as the Flood are one of the only absent enemies. ''[[Halo: Reach]]'' will have the same feature as well because the Flood will almost certainly be absent.
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| ==Sources==
| | *[[Flood Juggernaut]] - Removed from Halo 2. |
| {{reflist|2}}
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| {{Major Factions}}
| | [[Category:The Flood| ]] |
| [[Category:The Flood]] | | [[Category:Factions|Flood]] |
| [[Category:Host Species|*]]
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| [[Category:Factions]] | |
