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{{Era|Forerunner|Covenant|Human|UNSC|HCW}}
{{Status|Canon}}
[[File:Light bridge.jpg|thumb|right|300px|An example of hard light technology on a Forerunner [[light bridge]] on [[Installation 00]].]]
[[File:Light bridge.jpg|thumb|300px|An example of hard light technology on a Forerunner [[light bridge]] on [[Installation 00]].]]
{{Quote|no=three|Cortana|q1=I'm showing a lot of photonic activity. The excited photons have displaced the air around the light path.|John-117|q2=Which means?|q3=Which means that the light has become coherent. Solid.|Cortana|Exchange between [[John-117]] and [[Cortana]] regarding a [[light bridge]] on [[Installation 04]]<ref>'''[[Halo: The Flood]]''', ''page 84-85''</ref>}}
{{Quote|no=three|Cortana|q1=I'm showing a lot of photonic activity. The excited photons have displaced the air around the light path.|John-117|q2=Which means?|q3=Which means that the light has become coherent. Solid.|Cortana|Exchange between [[John-117]] and [[Cortana]] regarding a [[light bridge]] on [[Installation 04]]<ref>'''[[Halo: The Flood]]''', Chapter 3, ''pages 84-85'' (2003 paperback); ''pages 95-96'' (2010 paperback)</ref>}}
'''Hard light''', alternatively spelled '''hard-light''' or '''hardlight'''<ref name="Official Site">[http://halo.xbox.com/halo4#!halo-evolved/gameplay/31afe32b-0e07-45c0-9424-3adc6e1eadca '''Halo 4 Official Site:''' ''GAMEPLAY'']</ref> and more formally identified as '''boson-photon fields''',<ref>[http://us2.campaign-archive1.com/?u=8efbd7b88156ac5f6faed8b69&id=4fdccf0da5&e=7be5970a3b '''Mega Bloks''', Special Report: ONI REAP-X]</ref> is a [[Forerunner]] technology that allows light to be transformed into a solid state, capable of bearing weight and performing a variety of tasks. This involves an as-yet unexplained interplay between coherent, high-energy light and gas particles, such as air.
'''Hard light''', alternatively spelled '''hard-light''' or '''hardlight'''<ref name="Official Site">[http://halo.xbox.com/halo4#!halo-evolved/gameplay/31afe32b-0e07-45c0-9424-3adc6e1eadca '''Halo 4 Official Site:''' ''GAMEPLAY'']</ref> and more formally identified as a '''boson-photon field''',<ref>[http://us2.campaign-archive1.com/?u=8efbd7b88156ac5f6faed8b69&id=4fdccf0da5&e=7be5970a3b '''Mega Bloks''', Special Report: ONI REAP-X]</ref> is a [[Forerunner]] technology that allows light to be transformed into a solid state, capable of bearing weight and performing a variety of tasks. This involves an as-yet unexplained interplay between coherent, high-energy light and gas particles, such as air.


==Applications==
==Applications==
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===As structural elements===
===As structural elements===
[[File:HW2-Bridge crossing.png|thumb|left|250px|[[UNSC]] forces crossing a hard light bridge on Installation 00.]]  
[[File:HW2-Bridge crossing.png|thumb|left|250px|[[UNSC]] forces crossing a hard light bridge on Installation 00.]]  
The most prominent use of hard light is perhaps also its most inconspicuous one; although this is not immediately obvious, hard light construction actually comprises a significant portion of Forerunner architecture. Through the use of highly sophisticated [[holography|holographic]] projection technology, hard light can be crafted to be entirely indistinguishable from physical construction such as metal and can form very complex shapes.<ref name="p116">'''Halo: Primordium''', ''pages 116, 201, 269''</ref><ref name="halo 4">'''Halo 4'''</ref> As such, hard light is commonly used in the composition of Forerunner structures and ships, either for aesthetic purposes,<ref name="c242">'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''page 242''</ref> as a covering for mechanical and technological mechanisms, or to form internal divisions and compartments; this allows a Forerunner ship or structure to reconfigure its layout, furnishings or decoration at will.<ref>'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''page 124''</ref> Despite its versatility, hard light construction is susceptible to power failures and as such, the most important supporting structures have to be made of actual matter.
The most prominent use of hard light is perhaps also its most inconspicuous one; although this is not immediately obvious, hard light construction actually comprises a significant portion of Forerunner architecture. Through the use of highly sophisticated [[holography|holographic]] projection technology, hard light can be crafted to be entirely indistinguishable from physical construction such as metal and can form very complex shapes.<ref name="p116">'''Halo: Primordium''', ''pages 116, 201, 269''</ref><ref name="halo 4">'''Halo 4'''</ref> As such, hard light is commonly used in the composition of Forerunner structures and ships, either for structural support,<ref name="renegades">''Halo: Renegades'', Chapter ??</ref> aesthetic purposes,<ref name="c242">'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''page 242''</ref> as a covering for mechanical and technological mechanisms, or to form internal divisions and compartments; this allows a Forerunner ship or structure to reconfigure its layout, furnishings or decoration at will.<ref>'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''page 124''</ref> Despite its versatility, hard light construction is susceptible to power failures and as such, the most important supporting structures have to be made of actual matter.


The [[Halo Array|Halo installations]] make use of hard light in their firing mechanisms,<ref>'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''pages 307, 310''</ref> in addition to using hard light as a protective structural reinforcement to stabilize and protect the rings against tidal and gravitational forces from other objects.<ref>'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''page 311''</ref> Although many Forerunner structures project a hard light decorative shell over the structural support elements of the building, almost all buildings seen on the Halo installations or [[Installation 00|the Ark]] lack this covering; the Forerunners did not implement such decoration on the Halos' structures, as they were meant to be purely functional.<ref>'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''page 319''</ref> However, the structures on the Halo rings still employ hard light construction for practical purposes.<ref name="p116"/> Additionally, any structures that possess hard light decor only activated in the presence of Forerunners;<ref name="c242"/> however, due to their status as [[Reclaimer]]s, the presence of humans will also activate hard-light decoration in certain structures, as seen in the [[Menachite Forerunner complex]].<ref>'''Halo: First Strike''', ''page 143''</ref>
The [[Halo Array|Halo installations]] make use of hard light in their firing mechanisms,<ref>'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''pages 307, 310''</ref> in addition to using hard light as a protective structural reinforcement to stabilize and protect the rings against tidal and gravitational forces from other objects.<ref>'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''page 311''</ref> Although many Forerunner structures project a hard light decorative shell over the structural support elements of the building, almost all buildings seen on the Halo installations or [[Installation 00|the Ark]] lack this covering; the Forerunners did not implement such decoration on the Halos' structures, as they were meant to be purely functional.<ref>'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''page 319''</ref> However, the structures on the Halo rings still employ hard light construction for practical purposes.{{Ref/Reuse|p116}} Additionally, any structures that possess hard light decor only activated in the presence of Forerunners;{{Ref/Reuse|c242}} however, due to their status as [[Reclaimer]]s, the presence of humans will also activate hard-light decoration in certain structures, as seen in the [[Menachite portal complex]].<ref>'''Halo: First Strike''', ''page 143''</ref>


Although they can be crafted to be extremely resilient, hard light constructs are not indestructible. Aside from disabling them by deactivating or destroying the power source, hard light constructs can break up upon suffering heavy damage. For example, [[Installation 07]]'s central hard light hub and spokes connecting to the ring were destroyed under the stress of collision with [[Wolf-faced planet|a planet]]. The stress of the hard light structures pressing against the face of the planet caused the spokes to first stretch out, before fragmenting and abruptly turning into curling beams of intense, blue-violet radiation.<ref>'''Halo: Primordium''', ''page 334-335''</ref>
Although they can be crafted to be extremely resilient, hard light constructs are not indestructible. Aside from disabling them by deactivating or destroying the power source, hard light constructs can break up upon suffering heavy damage. For example, [[Installation 07]]'s central hard light hub and spokes connecting to the ring were destroyed under the stress of collision with [[Wolf-faced planet|a planet]]. The stress of the hard light structures pressing against the face of the planet caused the spokes to first stretch out, before fragmenting and abruptly turning into curling beams of intense, blue-violet radiation.<ref>'''Halo: Primordium''', ''page 334-335''</ref>
Forerunner [[upgrade seed]]s are able to use hard light to reinforce construction of non-Forerunner origin, such as starship hulls. The ''[[Ace of Spades]]'' received an upgrade seed that reinforced its hull by hard light bonding.{{Ref/Reuse|renegades}}


===In military technology===
===In military technology===
[[File:H4-MP-HardlightShield-Front.jpg|thumb|A Z-90 hardlight shield, deployed by a [[Spartan-IV]] operator. ]]
The Forerunners also used hard light technology to create protective personal shields, such as the [[Z-90 Photonic Coalescence Emitter/Aegis]] as it is known by the UNSC, more commonly known as the "hardlight shield," which could be deployed in the battlefield by fighting units like [[Promethean Knight]]s. After encountering such technology in [[2557]], UNSC forces were able to adapt these shields for use by [[SPARTAN Program|Spartan]] supersoldiers.{{Ref/Reuse|Official Site}} While highly resilient, these shields are not impervious to damage. This is believed to be because of the module's inability to propagate wide-range power generation.<ref name="H4EVGp137"> ```[[Halo 4: The Essential Visual Guide]]`````, page 137``</ref>
[[File:H4-PrometheanKnight-HardlightBlade.jpg|thumb|250px|A closeup of a Promethean Knight's hard-light blade.]]
[[File:H4-PrometheanKnight-HardlightBlade.jpg|thumb|250px|A closeup of a Promethean Knight's hard-light blade.]]
The Forerunners also used hard light technology to create protective personal shields, such as the [[Z-90 Photonic Coalescence Emitter/Aegis]] as it is known by the UNSC, more commonly known as the "hardlight shield," which could be deployed in the battlefield by fighting units like [[Promethean Knight]]s. After encountering such technology in [[2557]], UNSC forces were able to adapt these shields for use by [[SPARTAN Program|Spartan]] supersoldiers.<ref name="Official Site"/>
[[Promethean]] units are also known to incorporate hard light technology into their weaponry and even personal design. For close-quarters combat, [[Promethean Knight]]s utilize [[hardlight blade]]s to dispatch opponents. The [[Z-250 Directed Energy Engagement Weapon|Z-250 Lightrifle]] and [[Z-130 Directed Energy Automatic Weapon|Z-130 Suppressor]] are among the known infantry weapons to utilize hard light projectiles. For offensive purposes, they create solid projectiles that can be fired like conventional bullets or [[plasma]] bolts. Some units have presumably decorative hard light architecture, notably the fins on the back of the [[Knight Battlewagon]].<ref name="Waypoint">[http://www.halowaypoint.com/en-US/Halo4Guide '''Halo Waypoint:''' ''Halo 4 Interactive Guide'']</ref> Hard light was also used as a form of connective mechanism in the limbs of a [[war sphinx]].<ref>'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''pages 93, and 194''</ref> Forerunner [[design seed]]s also made use of hard light. When activated, the rotating pillars of the machine would emit "scaffolding" of hard light that would fabricate a machine or ship using raw materials obtained on-site. During the [[Forerunner-Flood war]], the Forerunners experimented with volatile derivations of hard light, with similar effects to the [[blamite]]; those experiments resulted in a Suppressor variant called "Razor's Edge".<ref>'''[[Halo 5: Guardians]]''', ''Razor's Edge'' description</ref>
 
To an unknown extent, the [[Covenant]] has made use of hardlight technology in a form of portable energy shielding. At some point, the [[Office of Naval Intelligence]] came into possession of a number of these devices and utilized them for an unknown purpose. The [[Covenant]]'s application of this technology is known to be inferior to that of the [[Prometheans]] of [[Requiem]], however.{{Ref/Reuse|H4EVGp137}}


[[Promethean]] units are also known to incorporate hard light technology into their weaponry and even personal design. For close-quarters combat, [[Promethean Knight]]s utilize [[Hardlight blade|hardlight blades]] to dispatch opponents. The [[Z-250 Directed Energy Engagement Weapon|Z-250 Lightrifle]] and [[Z-130 Directed Energy Automatic Weapon|Z-130 Suppressor]] are among the known infantry weapons to utilize hard light projectiles. For offensive purposes, they create solid projectiles that can be fired like conventional bullets or [[plasma]] bolts. Some units have presumably decorative hard light architecture, notably the fins on the back of the [[Knight Battlewagon]].<ref name="Waypoint">[http://www.halowaypoint.com/en-US/Halo4Guide '''Halo Waypoint:''' ''Halo 4 Interactive Guide'']</ref> Hard light was also used as a form of connective mechanism in the limbs of a [[war sphinx]].<ref>'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''pages 93, and 194''</ref> Forerunner [[design seed]]s also made use of hard light. When activated, the rotating pillars of the machine would emit "scaffolding" of hard light that would fabricate a machine or ship using raw materials obtained on-site. During the [[Forerunner-Flood war]], the Forerunners experimented with volatile derivations of hard light, with similar effects to the [[blamite]]; those experiments resulted in a Suppressor variant called "Razor's Edge".<ref>'''[[Halo 5: Guardians]]''', ''Razor's Edge'' description</ref>
[[Ancient humanity]] and [[San'Shyuum#Prehistory|Ancient San'Shyuum]] was also known to use hardlight weapons similar to those of the Forerunners.<ref name="c164">'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''page 164''</ref><ref>'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''page 112''</ref>


==Trivia==
==Trivia==
*According to the [[Minister of Discovery]] in ''[[Wages of Sin]]'', hard light was one of the several Forerunner technologies the [[Covenant]] never successfully reverse-engineered.<ref name="wages"/> However, the [[San'Shyuum]] [[Prelate]] [[Tem'Bhetek]] sports a hard light shield gauntlet in ''[[Halo: Shadow of Intent]]''.<ref>'''Halo: Shadow of Intent''', ''pages 51, 53, 55'' (Google Play edition)</ref> It is possible that the device was of Forerunner origin, rather than having been manufactured by the Covenant. Alternatively, the Minister of Discovery may not have been informed of the technology incorporated into the Prelate's armor. [[Halo Waypoint]] further claims that the Covenant developed technologies to control and utilize hard light from the analysis of Forerunner technologies.<ref name="universecov">[https://www.halowaypoint.com/en-us/universe/factions/covenant '''Halo Waypoint''': ''Covenant'']</ref>
*According to the [[Minister of Discovery]] in ''[[Wages of Sin]]'', hard light was one of the several Forerunner technologies the [[Covenant]] never successfully reverse-engineered.{{Ref/Reuse|wages}} However, the [[San'Shyuum]] [[Prelate]] [[Tem'Bhetek]] sports a hard light shield gauntlet in ''[[Halo: Shadow of Intent]]''.<ref>'''Halo: Shadow of Intent''', ''pages 51, 53, 55'' (Google Play edition)</ref> It is possible that the device was of Forerunner origin, rather than having been manufactured by the Covenant. Alternatively, the Minister of Discovery may not have been informed of the technology incorporated into the Prelate's armor. [[Halo Waypoint]] further claims that the Covenant developed technologies to control and utilize hard light from the analysis of Forerunner technologies.<ref name="universecov">[https://www.halowaypoint.com/en-us/universe/factions/covenant '''Halo Waypoint''': ''Covenant'']</ref>
*There are real-world scientific efforts to manipulate light to behave as a solid surface.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/26/us/new-lightsaber-molecule/index.html '''CNN''': ''Scientists create light-matter like Darth Vader's lightsaber'']</ref>
*There are real-world scientific efforts to manipulate light to behave as a solid surface.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/26/us/new-lightsaber-molecule/index.html '''CNN''': ''Scientists create light-matter like Darth Vader's lightsaber'']</ref>
*In the Doctor Who franchise, Hard-light holograms are used by a few races in a similar manner to that of Forerunner and Covenant Holograms.<ref>[http://tardis.wikia.com/wiki/Hard-light_hologram '''Tardis Data Core''': ''Hard-light hologram'']</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:H5G-Hard Light bridge.png|A hard light bridge on [[Genesis]].
File:H5G-Hard Light bridge.png|A hard light bridge on [[Genesis]].
File:TemTem.png|[[Prelate]] [[Tem'Bhetek]]'s hardlight shield emanating from his gauntlet.
File:HINF Concept HardlightBox.jpg|Concept art for ''[[Halo Infinite]]'' of a Forerunner crate containing hardlight ammunition.
</gallery>
</gallery>


Line 53: Line 61:
*''[[Halo: Shadow of Intent]]''
*''[[Halo: Shadow of Intent]]''
*''[[Halo Wars 2]]''
*''[[Halo Wars 2]]''
*''[[Halo: Retribution]]''
*''[[Halo: Legacy of Onyx]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Halo: Renegades]]''
*''[[Halo: Point of Light]]''
*''[[Halo: Divine Wind]]''
*''[[Halo Infinite]]''
*''[[Halo: Hippocratica]]''
*''[[Halo: The Television Series Season Two]]''
**''[[Thermopylae (TV Series)|Thermopylae]]''
*''[[Halo: Epitaph]]''


==Sources==
==Sources==
<references/>
{{Ref/Sources}}


{{Forerunner|technology}}
{{Forerunner|technology}}
[[Category:Forerunner technology]]
[[Category:Forerunner technology]]

Latest revision as of 04:20, March 14, 2024

An example of hard light technology on a Forerunner light bridge on Installation 00.

Cortana: "I'm showing a lot of photonic activity. The excited photons have displaced the air around the light path."
John-117: "Which means?"
Cortana: "Which means that the light has become coherent. Solid."
— Exchange between John-117 and Cortana regarding a light bridge on Installation 04[1]

Hard light, alternatively spelled hard-light or hardlight[2] and more formally identified as a boson-photon field,[3] is a Forerunner technology that allows light to be transformed into a solid state, capable of bearing weight and performing a variety of tasks. This involves an as-yet unexplained interplay between coherent, high-energy light and gas particles, such as air.

Applications[edit]

Basic[edit]

Hard light was used extensively by the Forerunners for a great variety of purposes. Forerunner control panels and interfaces are almost always made entirely of hard light, and can react to the touch of a Forerunner or human despite their utter lack of mechanical components. Light bridges are another basic application of hard light; these bridges are strong enough to bear the load of heavy objects such as a Scorpion tank, yet can be switched on or off as easily as a normal beam of light. Some of the larger conventional bridges constructed by the Forerunners also feature support cables made of hard light.[4] Hard light is also used in the locking mechanisms of Forerunner doors.[5]

As structural elements[edit]

UNSC forces crossing a hard light bridge on Installation 00.

The most prominent use of hard light is perhaps also its most inconspicuous one; although this is not immediately obvious, hard light construction actually comprises a significant portion of Forerunner architecture. Through the use of highly sophisticated holographic projection technology, hard light can be crafted to be entirely indistinguishable from physical construction such as metal and can form very complex shapes.[6][7] As such, hard light is commonly used in the composition of Forerunner structures and ships, either for structural support,[8] aesthetic purposes,[9] as a covering for mechanical and technological mechanisms, or to form internal divisions and compartments; this allows a Forerunner ship or structure to reconfigure its layout, furnishings or decoration at will.[10] Despite its versatility, hard light construction is susceptible to power failures and as such, the most important supporting structures have to be made of actual matter.

The Halo installations make use of hard light in their firing mechanisms,[11] in addition to using hard light as a protective structural reinforcement to stabilize and protect the rings against tidal and gravitational forces from other objects.[12] Although many Forerunner structures project a hard light decorative shell over the structural support elements of the building, almost all buildings seen on the Halo installations or the Ark lack this covering; the Forerunners did not implement such decoration on the Halos' structures, as they were meant to be purely functional.[13] However, the structures on the Halo rings still employ hard light construction for practical purposes.[6] Additionally, any structures that possess hard light decor only activated in the presence of Forerunners;[9] however, due to their status as Reclaimers, the presence of humans will also activate hard-light decoration in certain structures, as seen in the Menachite portal complex.[14]

Although they can be crafted to be extremely resilient, hard light constructs are not indestructible. Aside from disabling them by deactivating or destroying the power source, hard light constructs can break up upon suffering heavy damage. For example, Installation 07's central hard light hub and spokes connecting to the ring were destroyed under the stress of collision with a planet. The stress of the hard light structures pressing against the face of the planet caused the spokes to first stretch out, before fragmenting and abruptly turning into curling beams of intense, blue-violet radiation.[15]

Forerunner upgrade seeds are able to use hard light to reinforce construction of non-Forerunner origin, such as starship hulls. The Ace of Spades received an upgrade seed that reinforced its hull by hard light bonding.[8]

In military technology[edit]

A Z-90 hardlight shield, deployed by a Spartan-IV operator.

The Forerunners also used hard light technology to create protective personal shields, such as the Z-90 Photonic Coalescence Emitter/Aegis as it is known by the UNSC, more commonly known as the "hardlight shield," which could be deployed in the battlefield by fighting units like Promethean Knights. After encountering such technology in 2557, UNSC forces were able to adapt these shields for use by Spartan supersoldiers.[2] While highly resilient, these shields are not impervious to damage. This is believed to be because of the module's inability to propagate wide-range power generation.[16]

A closeup of a Promethean Knight's hard-light blade.

Promethean units are also known to incorporate hard light technology into their weaponry and even personal design. For close-quarters combat, Promethean Knights utilize hardlight blades to dispatch opponents. The Z-250 Lightrifle and Z-130 Suppressor are among the known infantry weapons to utilize hard light projectiles. For offensive purposes, they create solid projectiles that can be fired like conventional bullets or plasma bolts. Some units have presumably decorative hard light architecture, notably the fins on the back of the Knight Battlewagon.[17] Hard light was also used as a form of connective mechanism in the limbs of a war sphinx.[18] Forerunner design seeds also made use of hard light. When activated, the rotating pillars of the machine would emit "scaffolding" of hard light that would fabricate a machine or ship using raw materials obtained on-site. During the Forerunner-Flood war, the Forerunners experimented with volatile derivations of hard light, with similar effects to the blamite; those experiments resulted in a Suppressor variant called "Razor's Edge".[19]

To an unknown extent, the Covenant has made use of hardlight technology in a form of portable energy shielding. At some point, the Office of Naval Intelligence came into possession of a number of these devices and utilized them for an unknown purpose. The Covenant's application of this technology is known to be inferior to that of the Prometheans of Requiem, however.[16]

Ancient humanity and Ancient San'Shyuum was also known to use hardlight weapons similar to those of the Forerunners.[20][21]

Trivia[edit]

  • According to the Minister of Discovery in Wages of Sin, hard light was one of the several Forerunner technologies the Covenant never successfully reverse-engineered.[5] However, the San'Shyuum Prelate Tem'Bhetek sports a hard light shield gauntlet in Halo: Shadow of Intent.[22] It is possible that the device was of Forerunner origin, rather than having been manufactured by the Covenant. Alternatively, the Minister of Discovery may not have been informed of the technology incorporated into the Prelate's armor. Halo Waypoint further claims that the Covenant developed technologies to control and utilize hard light from the analysis of Forerunner technologies.[23]
  • There are real-world scientific efforts to manipulate light to behave as a solid surface.[24]

Gallery[edit]

  • A hard light bridge on Genesis.

    A hard light bridge on Genesis.

  • Prelate Tem'Bhetek's hardlight shield emanating from his gauntlet.

    Prelate Tem'Bhetek's hardlight shield emanating from his gauntlet.

  • Concept art for Halo Infinite of a Forerunner crate containing hardlight ammunition.

    Concept art for Halo Infinite of a Forerunner crate containing hardlight ammunition.

List of appearances[edit]

Sources[edit]

  1. ^ Halo: The Flood, Chapter 3, pages 84-85 (2003 paperback); pages 95-96 (2010 paperback)
  2. ^ a b Halo 4 Official Site: GAMEPLAY
  3. ^ Mega Bloks, Special Report: ONI REAP-X
  4. ^ Halo: Combat Evolved, campaign level Assault on the Control Room
  5. ^ a b Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe Volume II, "Wages of Sin", page 291
  6. ^ a b Halo: Primordium, pages 116, 201, 269
  7. ^ Halo 4
  8. ^ a b Halo: Renegades, Chapter ??
  9. ^ a b Halo: Cryptum, page 242
  10. ^ Halo: Cryptum, page 124
  11. ^ Halo: Cryptum, pages 307, 310
  12. ^ Halo: Cryptum, page 311
  13. ^ Halo: Cryptum, page 319
  14. ^ Halo: First Strike, page 143
  15. ^ Halo: Primordium, page 334-335
  16. ^ a b ```Halo 4: The Essential Visual Guide`````, page 137``
  17. ^ Halo Waypoint: Halo 4 Interactive Guide
  18. ^ Halo: Cryptum, pages 93, and 194
  19. ^ Halo 5: Guardians, Razor's Edge description
  20. ^ Halo: Cryptum, page 164
  21. ^ Halo: Cryptum, page 112
  22. ^ Halo: Shadow of Intent, pages 51, 53, 55 (Google Play edition)
  23. ^ Halo Waypoint: Covenant
  24. ^ CNN: Scientists create light-matter like Darth Vader's lightsaber

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v • d • e
 
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For a complete list, check out our Forerunner category.
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