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Sangheili (language)

Article Discussion
Revision as of 15:22, February 25, 2016 by The Master Builder (talk | contribs) (→‎Weapons and vehicles)

"Their language doesn't translate in a literal manner, and each word has multiple meanings."
— Cortana[1]

Sangheili is the language spoken by the species of the same name. Though the member species of the Covenant had their own unique languages, an advanced dialect of Sangheili came to serve as the lingua franca throughout the entire Covenant Empire.[2] and as such, many names of member species are derived from the Sangheili.[3] Even after the fragmentation of the Covenant, many former client species of the Covenant continue to use the Sangheili language in lieu of their native tongues; Sangheili has even replaced their native language for many.[2] A specific trade pidgin also existed within the Covenant fringe.[4]

Description

Text, or writing, in Sangheili appears to be mostly triangle shapes and composed almost completely of equilateral triangles. The triangular characters have been seen oriented both in the horizontal left-to-right direction and in a vertical right-to-left direction.[5] Furthermore the Covenant doesn't use Morse code.

Though originating with the Sangheili, an advanced dialect of their language has come to be the Covenant lingua franca, used to connect the different races and species.[2] Curiously, in several instances of Forerunner-related terminology, the Sangheili appear to use the English translations of the original Forerunner terms, as for "Forerunner", "Requiem", "Reclaimer", "Didact", and "Librarian".[6][note 1] During the San'Shyuum-Sangheili War, the San'Shyuum obtained a comprehensive understanding of the Sangheili language by brutally torturing and interrogating prisoners of war. After establishing peace with the Sangheili, the San'Shyuum of the fledgling Covenant relied on translation software built into their anti-gravity chairs to understand the language.[7] The Ussans developed in isolation from other Sangheili, and their language evolved into a different form of the Sangheili dialect. It possessed similarities to Old Sangheili,[8] but the language developed into a new language that could not be understood by the "average" Sangheili.[9]

Phonology

Sangheili language includes 8 main vowels (/ä/, /ɑ/, /i/, /ɪ/, /e̞/, /o/, /ɔ/, /u/) and 18 main consonants (/s/, /z/, /ʂ/, /ʐ/, /q/, /ɢ/, /ʈ/, /ɖ/, /f/, /b̪/, /ħ/, /j/, /ɰβ/, /ɱ/, /ɳ/, /ɴ/, /ɻ/ and /ʔ/). Three more consonants also appear in words borrowed from other Sangheili dialects or alien languages. These are /p̪/, /ɺɽ~ɭ/ and /ʋ/. In certain instances, the sounds /o̞/, /ɕ/, /ʑ/ and /ɽ/ can appear as allophones of /ɔ/, /ʂ/, /ʐ/, and /ɻ/. Furthermore, /ɯβ/ and /ʊ/ are allophones of /u/ while /ə/ can serve as allophone of /ä/ and /e̞/ when those two sounds are weakened.

The Sangheili language is for the most part syllabic. However, the consonants /ɻ/, /q/, /ɳ/, /ɴ/, /s/ and /ʂ/ can be found standing at the end of a syllable. /ɳ/ and /ɴ/ can also be syllabic, in which case they are geminated and pronounced as /ɳ:/ and /ɴ:/. In addition some consonant complexes can be formed. These are /ʈ͡ʂ/, /ʈ͡ɕ/, /ɖ͡ʐ/, /ɖ͡ʑ/, /t͡s/ and /ɳ͡ɱ/. ɳ͡ɱ appears only when /ɳ:/ precedes a labiodental /b̪/ or /ɱ/ resulting in /ɳ:/ being pronounced as /ɳɳ͡ɱ/ for phonological reasons.

When followed by /i/, consonants /ʂ/, /ʐ/, /ʈ͡ʂ/ and /ɖ͡ʐ/ can be pronounced as /ɕi/, /ʑi/ /qji/, /ɢji/, /ħji/, /ʈ͡ɕi/ and /ɖ͡ʑi/ respectively.

When followed by /i/, consonants /q/, /ɢ/ and /ħ/ can be pronounced as /qji/, /ɢji/ and /ħji/ respectively.

/ɴ/ and /ɴ:/ appear before or after the uvular consonants /q/ and /ɢ/ in place of /ɳ/ and /ɳ:/. /ɺɽ~ɭ/ can sometimes be heard as either ɺɽ or ɭ but is generally an intermediate sound. The sound /ɺɽ~ɭ/ itself has no human equivalent. /ɻ/ and /ɽ/ allophones of the same consonant. In reality they are only approximates of the Sangheili r sounds which has no human equivalent. Most users prefer to use /ɻ/. /ä/ is near front and closer to the Japanese /ä/ but some speakers pronounce it as a central vowel like the Italian /ä/. Some speakers use /ä/ insead of /ɑ/. /e̞/ and /i/ are near front vowels and not front vowels. /ɔ/ and /o̞/ are allophones of the same vowel. As such their use depends on the speaker’s preference. /ʊ/ can be used instead of /u/ when /u/ is short only. /ɯβ/ can be used instead of /u/ regardless of whether /u/ is short or long. The sound itself is compressed and neither rounded nor fully unrounded. It is pronounced like the Japanese u. /ɰβ/ is a compressed labiovelar approximant. It can also be symbolized as /wβ/. It is pronounced like the Japanese w. /o:/ can be pronounced as /u:/ sometimes because the two sounds are similar.

Sometimes //ɖ͡ʐ/ at the beginning of a word can be pronounced as /ʐ/.

Sangheili also makes use of the following diphthongs:

/e̞ɪ/, pronounced as /e̞j/ before vowels

/ou/ also pronounced as /oɯβ/, /oʊ/, /o̞u/, /o̞ɯβ/ or /o̞ʊ/

/äɪ/

/ɔɪ/ also pronounced as /o̞ɪ/ and pronounced as /ɔj/ or /o̞j/ before vowels.

/ue̞/ also pronounced as /ɯβe̞/ or /ʊe̞/

/äu/ also pronounced as /äɯβ/ or /äʊ/ (rare)

/äə/ (very rare)

Phonetic transcription

In order to phonetically transcribe Sangheili, 343 industries uses the following transliteration system.

  • a e correspond to /ä/ and /e̞/ respectively. Both can correspond to /ə/ if the syllable is weakened.
  • i corresponds to /ɪ/.
  • ah corresponds to /ɑ:/. Some speakers pronounce it as /ä:/ though.
  • eh corresponds to /e̞:/
  • o corresponds to /ɔ/ and /o̞/ depending on the speaker's preference.
  • oh corresponds to /ɔ:/ and /o̞:/ depending on the speaker's preference.
  • u corresponds to /u/. Some speakers might also pronounce it as /ɯβ/ or /ʊ/.
  • uh corresponds to /u:/. Some speakers might pronounce it as /ɯβ:/.
  • aa corresponds to /ɑ:/. Some speakers pronounce it as /ä:/ though.
  • ee corresponds to /i:/
  • uu corresponds to /u:/. Some speakers might also pronounce it as /ɯβ:/.
  • oo corresponds to /o:/. Few speakers also pronounce it as /u:/
  • y corresponds to /j/ when it is between two vowels, or at the beginning of a word. When it is at the end of a word or before a consonant or after any consonant except nn it corresponds to /ɪ/.
  • t corresponds to /ʈ/.
  • d corresponds to /ɖ/.
  • k corresponds to /q/, but is pronounced as /qj/ when followed by /i/.
  • g corresponds to /ɢ/, but is pronounced as /ɢj/ when followed by /i/.
  • gh corresponds to /ɢ/ or /ɢh/ depending on the speaker's preference. When followed by e (thus forming ghee) the resulting sounds will be /ɢe̞:/ and /ɢhe̞:/
  • r corresponds to /ɻ/ and /ɽ/ depending on the speaker's preference.
  • w corresponds to /ɰβ/.
  • f corresponds to /f/
  • b corresponds to /b̪/
  • ch corresponds to /ʈ͡ʂ/, but can be pronounced as /ʈ͡ɕ/ when found before /i/.
  • sh corresponds to /ʂ/, but can be pronounced as /ɕ/ when found before /i/.
  • j corresponds to /ɖ͡ʐ/, but can be pronounced as /ɖ͡ʑ/ when found before /i/. At the start of words /ɖ͡ʐ/ and /ɖ͡ʑ/ can be pronounced as /ʐ/ and /ʑ/, respectively.
  • s corresponds to /s/.
  • z corresponds to /z/.
  • ts corresponds to /t͡s/.
  • n corresponds to /ɳ/. When n is followed or preceded by the uvular consonants /q/ and /ɢ/ it corresponds to /ɴ/ and when followed by any labiodental consonant ( /ɱ/, /b̪/, /p̪/, /f/, /ʋ/) it corresponds to /ɳɱ/ or /ɳ͡ɱ/.
  • nn corresponds to /ɳ:/. When n is followed by the uvular consonants /q/ and /ɢ/ it corresponds to /ɴ:/ and when followed by any labiodental consonant ( /ɱ/, /b̪/, /p̪/, /f/, /ʋ/) it corresponds to /ɳ:ɱ/ or /ɳɳ͡ɱ/.
  • m corresponds to /ɱ/.
  • h corresponds to /ħ/, but is pronounced as /ħj/ when followed by /i/.
  • tw_, dw_, nw_ correspond to /ʈɰβ/, /ɖɰβ/ and /ɳɰβ/, respectively. The symbol [_] represents any vowel.
  • ' corresponds to /ʔ/
  • - is used after h to eliminate confusion by separating syllables. For instance is pronounced as uh-oo as /u:o:/ while uhoo as /uħo:/
  • ae corresponds to /äə/ or /äe̞/ or /e̞:/. In the latter two cases it is not a diphthong.
  • ai corresponds to /äɪ/.
  • au corresponds to /äu/, /äɯβ/ or /äʊ/ depending on the speaker's preference.
  • ay corresponds to /e̞ɪ/. When followed by a vowel it corresponds to /e̞j/. It may rarely be pronounced as /äj/ and not be a diphthong when y is part of a different syllable but that is unknown.
  • ei corresponds to /e̞ɪ/ or /i:/ depending on the speaker's preference.
  • ey corresponds to /e̞ɪ/. When followed by a vowel it corresponds to /e̞j/.
  • ie corresponds to /äɪ/.
  • ou corresponds to /ou/, /oɯβ/, /oʊ/, /o̞u/, /o̞ɯβ/ or /o̞ʊ/ depending on the speaker's preference.
  • oy corresponds to /ɔɪ/ or /o̞ɪ/ depending on the speaker's preference. When followed by a vowel it corresponds to /ɔj/ and /o̞j/ respectively.
  • eay corresponds to /ɪe̞ɪ/. In this case the diphthong is /e̞ɪ/ and /ɪ/ is syllabic.
  • l corresponds to /ɺɽ~ɭ/. It can sometimes be pronounced as ɭ or ɺɽ ɺɽ by the same speaker due to phonological reasons.
  • p corresponds to /p̪/.
  • v corresponds to /ʋ/.

Vocabulary

Note: All words in the following list should not be pronounced as if they were English. Please refer to the phonetic transcription system above.

Ancient words, names and words of extinct dialects.

Unggoy - Grunt
Kig-Yar - Jackal
Sangheili - Elite
Yanme'e - Drone
Jiralhanae - Brute
Lekgolo - Hunter
San'Shyuum - Prophet
Huragok - Engineer (taken from the Forerunner name "Huragok")
Fohranah/Fohran - Forerunner
Neru Pe 'Odosima - Servants of the Abiding Truth[10]
A'ul - Lump of wood[11]
Kel - Light (that dances on the waves)[12]
Silket - Spear[13]
Nishum - Intestinal parasite; a common insult towards humans[14]
Laqil - New Llanelli[15]
Sqala - Venezia[16]
Quillick - Small hunter[17]
QezoY'asabu - Obsidian Wing[18]
Dohmayinn - Domain
Leevrukah - Guardian[note 2][19]
Sunaion - Westward temple of the sea.[18]
Wort - Go (Imperative)[20]

Modern words

Dohmoh'Eenngahnehnn - Human[21][note 2]
Kaidon - Clan leader[22]
Ossoona - Eye of the Prophet[23]
Wuchaans - Shipmaster[21][note 2]
Wuchookah - Shipmaster [note 2]
Jeeneh - Soul[note 2]
Nou - Cognate with English "no", as a negative response[21]
Ey - Cognate with English "No" and "not,[21][note 2][24] also used as an interjection[25]
Eedahyuhk/eedahyuhkoh - Brother[note 2]
Eennteeyuhkoh - Loyal friend.[note 2]
Mehoh - refers to a group in which the speaker is a part of.[21][note 2]
Tahshee - refers to a third group, which the speaker is not part of. Also means different.[21][note 2]
Kuhtahshee - refers to something that is very different, like an alien or in some cases human.[21][note 2]
Kohyahkuhmoh - Vector[21][note 2]
Mahgahchi - Approach[21][note 2]
Jah/Jamahtaa - I/me/we refers to first person[note 2]
Eennah - Like/who/whoever Meaning varies significantly depending on context.[note 2]
Reh - make/made[note 2]
Teedah - gift [note 2]
Musuyano - Rest/Remains/Remnant
Kaboonoh - travel/go
Gah- - denotes location compare with english "at"
Dwa- - through [note 2]
Nohkoh - Keep (verb)
Se - away from/from [note 2]
Wehrehgeh - Begin (command form)[note 2]
Dohshuhgah - Evacuation[note 2]
Koh-ee - Bring (past form) [note 2]
Koh-eh - Bring (command form)[note 2]
Rohghee - Rise (command form)[note 2]
Gahraykoh - This is[note 2]
Kahnoh - Treasure[note 2]
Noh - possessive particle (compare to Japanese の)
Cheennsay - Warrior[note 2]
Cheenoh-ee - Life
Keeoh-eesay - Death

Transliterated Sangheili

--Nnse-kooree-koocha nee-ey-mawoo.

Dieduckt gahkaboonoh Liebuh-Rahrian musuyano. Kaboonzaywah wohchita kneekohsoh woorumahtwo.

Nmtahbonwon Sayoh. Gah-eymayoh Reecleymah toymeh-ushou zosuerohkoh!

Non-native speakers of Sangheili

Several species, including humans[26], Mgalekgolo[27], Unggoy[28] and Kig-Yar,[29] are able to speak Sangheili. Not all races can speak the same language due to evolutionary design restrictions; for example, the Yanme'e could only communicate through a cacophony of high-pitched clicks and screeches.[30][31] To facilitate easier communications between member species, translation software is used on Covenant ships to decipher words.[32] During and after the Human-Covenant War, several humans were able to understand Sangheili :

Symbol types

There are four known written types of the Sangheili language.

Triangle type (original cipher)

This triangle variant of the written language has a few key features. They are a big triangle surrounded numerous smaller triangles. These smaller triangles are known to be closer to the corners of the bigger triangle, and can either be floating above the corner, or very close to it. The direction of the bigger triangle is not set, leading to there being numerous possibilities to what one symbol could mean. The bigger triangle is also known to have semi-circles cut out of the middle of its sides, sometimes filled with circles. Sometimes the triangles points are not there and are replaced by a circle. Sometimes rectangles are involved in the symbols. There is also thinner and longer triangle symbols in this type of symbols. These can have a smaller triangle at its smaller side or not.

There is a few different translations for this type of symbols. These are seen often in transmissions, on control panels. These have been in use as early as February 4th 2531 in transmissions during the Harvest Campaign.[36]

Triangle alphabet 1

  • Covenant alphabet used in several systems and consoles.

  • A Covenant system over Harvest that uses this alphabet.

  • A control panel with the symbols on it. The words "Activated Shild" appear on this.

Triangle alphabet 2

  • Halo 2 Wallpaper UNSC.png

    A Halo 2 wallpaper with Covenant symbols.

  • Halo 2 Wallpaper.png

    A Halo 2 wallpaper with Covenant symbols.

  • Halo wallpaper translations.png

    Translations of the two Halo 2 wallpapers.

Unknown alphabet

  • Symbols for the Covenant vehicles in Halo 2's Prima Guide.

  • The Halo 3 campaign Sangheili combat harness triangle symbols.

  • Sangheili combat harness HUD magnification system with these symbols on it in Halo 3.

  • Glyph patterns that change one by one on Assembly in Halo 3.

  • All symbols that appear in Halo: Uprising.

  • The Covenant speech in Halo: Uprising.

  • The known countdown of an antimatter charge in The Package.

  • From left to right: Assumed Covenant numbers 0,1,3, 4, and 5.

  • Symbol used on the Halo Reach project page.

  • Symbols that appear on the armor of Sangheili in Halo Reach's campaign.

  • The Halo Reach Sangheili combat harness compass. Big triangle with the point up is North, big triangle with the point down is South.

  • The Halo Reach Sangheili combat harness zoom.

  • Symbol at the back of Jackals in Halo Reach.

  • Symbol that appears on the shoulder armor of Skirmishers in Halo: Reach.

  • Symbols on weapons in Halo: Reach.

  • Symbols on vehicles in Halo: Reach.

  • Triangle type around a Forerunner type symbol in Halo: Reach.

  • Triangle type seen on an Covenant communication node in Halo: Reach.

  • Triangle type symbols found on the needle rifle zoom.

  • Triangle type symbols seen on a Covenant barricade in Halo: Reach.

  • Triangle type symbols seen on a Covenant supply case in Halo: Reach.

  • One of Doctor Halsey's attempt to understand the Covenant language, documented in her journal.

  • Energy sword triangle symbols.

  • Jul 'Mdama contacting Doctor Halsey in Spartan Ops.

  • Type-26 Shade symbols in Halo 5: Guardians.

Bumped triangles type

These triangle symbols are similar to the base triangle type. They are big triangles with a spike coming out near the corners. Smaller triangles, unlike the triangle type symbols, are closer to the middle of the sides, touching the spike coming out near the corner.

There is sometimes a smaller triangle taken out the sides of the bigger triangles, and sometimes triangle taken out the middle of them also.

These are often seen in transmissions and also on control panels. These have been in use as early as April 26, 2526 in transmissions during the Battle of Circinius IV.[37]

Normal use

  • Carbine numbers.png

    Numbers 00 to 18 that appear on the Type-51 carbine in Halo 4.

  • Covenant glyphs H4FUD.png

    Bumped triangle type used prior to the battle of Circinius IV in Halo 4: Forward Unto Dawn.

  • Bumped triangle type used prior to the battle of Circinius IV in Halo 4: Forward Unto Dawn.

  • Another view of the code prior to the battle of Circinius IV in Halo 4: Forward Unto Dawn.

  • Mark VI soft patch for Covenant armor abilities in Halo 4.

  • A control panel with the symbols on it in Halo 4.

  • Bumped triangles in numerous Halo 4 and Halo 2: Anniversary marketing.

  • Bumped triangles in Halo: Escalation.

  • The symbol of the Covenant.

  • Sangheili data pad in Halo 5: Guardians.

  • Galaxy Glyphs.png

    Sangheili symbols round on the Milky Way galaxy on the map Truth in Halo 5: Guardians.

  • Control panels with the symbols on them on the map Truth in Halo 5: Guardians.

  • Control panels with the symbols on them on the map Truth in Halo 5: Guardians.

  • Closer look on a couple of the symbols on a control panel.

  • Sunaion control panel.

  • Covenant symbol for the Commendations in Halo 5: Guardians.

Weapons and vehicles

  • In normal symbols for weapon status in Halo 4 and Halo 5: Guardians.

  • Type-55 storm rifle temperature symbol in Halo 4.

  • Type-27 beam rifle zoom symbols in Halo 4.

  • Type-51 carbine zoom symbols in Halo 4.

  • Type-33 fuel rod gun zoom on off target and on target symbols in Halo 4.

  • Ghost patterns related to this type of symbols in Halo 4.

  • Type-56 Lich control panel with these symbols on it in Halo 4.

  • Covenant symbols on a plasma grenade.

  • Type-26 Shade symbols in Halo 5: Guardians.

  • Fuel rod gun zoom symbols in Halo 5: Guardians.

  • Logogram that indicates that a target is inside the weapon's reticule.

  • From left to right temperature and energy/battery level/battery sigils. The temperature one can also be found upside down when zoomed.

  • All base Halo 5: Guardians Covenant weapon symbols

  • Covenant symbols on a storm rifle, notice the temperature symbol glowing red.

  • Covenant symbol found on weapon variants in Halo 5.

Armor

These are all the symbols and patterns related to them.

Forerunner symbol type

These symbols are often borrowed or adapted from actual Forerunner symbols for use in speech, on Sangheili armor, and even on Covenant technology.

External

  • Covenant Forerunner symbols as seen on Halo2.com.

  • Forerunner small line type symbols as seen on a Halo 2 marketing poster.

  • Sangheili speech represented by Forerunner glyphs.

  • Symbol pattern used by the Covenant for Harvest.

  • Cyan symbol that appears on a switch in Halo Reach.

  • The Glyph of Faith.

  • Two Forerunner type glyphs appearing on a Covenant communication node.

Armor

Weapons and vehicles

  • Green plasma grenade symbol in Halo CE.

  • Green plasma grenade symbol in Halo 2.

  • Green plasma grenade symbol in Halo 3.

  • Energy sword hilt with Forerunner symbols on it.

  • Green plasma grenade symbol in Halo: Reach.

  • Weapons in Halo Reach with Forerunner symbols on them.

  • Symbol that appears on the Type-52 Phantom in Halo Reach.

  • A symbol that appears in the inner workings of the Kig-Yar point defense gauntlet that closely resembles that of the Iris artifact glyphs.

  • Energy sword symbols in Halo 4.

  • Green plasma grenade symbol projecting the symbol for Installation 04.

Sunaion and Sangheili ruins symbols

Ancient Sangheili triangle type

An ancient version of the Sangheili script appears in Sangheili ruins and ceremonial curveblades. Symbols similar to the modern triangular symbols appear. They can also be seen on modern Swords of Sanghelios flags.

  • Ancient Sangheili on the Halo 5: Guardians animated poster.

  • Ancient Sangheili on Vadam flags in the Halo 2: Anniversary Terminals.

  • Ancient Sangheili on a curveblade.

  • Ancient Sangheili on Sangheili ruins.

  • This appears throughout Sunaion.

  • These appear on barriers throughout Sunaion.

Ancient Sangheili circle type

Usually next to ancient Sangheili triangle types on ancient Sangheili scriptures.

  • Numerous circles found on several scriptures.

Mural type

This type is numerous symbols and images.

  • A mural found in Sangheili ruins.

  • A mural found in Sangheili ruins.

  • A mural found in Sangheili ruins.

  • A mural found in Sangheili ruins.

  • A mural found in Sangheili ruins.

  • A mural found in Sangheili ruins.

  • A mural found in Sangheili ruins.

  • A mural found in Sangheili ruins.

  • A mural found in Sangheili ruins.

  • A mural found in Sangheili burial ruins.

  • Murals on a console that can be used.

  • Symbols and murals throughout Sunaion and Sangheili ruins.

  • Symbols and murals throughout Sunaion and Sangheili ruins.

  • A big mural on Sunaion.

  • A mural that has a version of the Guardian symbol on it.

Behind the scenes

Deleted material: Elite speech from Deliver Hope
  Trouble with the audio sample?

Before the release of Halo 2, the official website at Halo2.com was made to look like a Covenant computer complete with the Sangheili language. This language was a simple cipher with the triangular characters. In addition to Halo2.com, a released wallpaper contained triangular characters that made use of this cipher. After the Halo2.com site, the cipher changed. Two wallpapers were released with an entirely new cipher still using the triangular characters. Neither this cipher or the previous one have been used subsequently, though the triangular characters are still commonly used.

The languages in their original form are heard in Halo: Combat Evolved. In Halo 2, their words are translated for the convenience of the player. Elites in Halo: CE spoke a deep, warbling tongue. This was achieved by reversing the voice acting of David Scully. The ever popular "Wort, wort, wort!" shouted by many Elites during gameplay is actually "Go, go, go!" reversed and sped up.[20] The hissing-like language of the Jackals is actually the English language reversed. This, and the other Covenant languages (Drones, Hunters), have remained the same since Halo 2.

Gallery

  • Sangheili vowels as pronounced in the games and live action films by Sangheili.

  • Halo 4 Concept Art by Albert Ng 04b.jpg

    Concept art of control panels with Sangheili symbols on it.

  • Emblem of a Covenant symbol in Halo 4.

List of appearances

Note

  1. ^ It should be noted that in Spartan Ops subtitles, these terms are phonetically transliterated from Sangheili speech (e.g. "Dieduckt", "Liebuh-Rahrian", "Reecleymah") rather than using their proper spellings.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa This is a phonetic spelling. The proper rendering has not been confirmed in canon.

Sources

  1. ^ Halo: First Strike, page 156
  2. ^ a b c Halo Waypoint: Covenant
  3. ^ Halo: Ghosts of Onyx
  4. ^ Halo Waypoint: Axl
  5. ^ Halo 4: Forward Unto Dawn, Part 1
  6. ^ Halo 4, Spartan Ops
  7. ^ Halo: Broken Circle, page 22 (Google Play edition)
  8. ^ Halo: Broken Circle, page 276 (Google Play edition)
  9. ^ Halo: Broken Circle, page 204 (Google Play edition)
  10. ^ Halo: Glasslands, page 95
  11. ^ Halo: The Thursday War, page 24
  12. ^ Halo: Shadow of Intent, page 23
  13. ^ Halo: Shadow of Intent, page 45
  14. ^ Halo: The Thursday War, page 79
  15. ^ Halo: Glasslands, page 295
  16. ^ Halo: Glasslands, page 262
  17. ^ Halo: Broken Circle, Chapter 1
  18. ^ a b Halo Waypoint: Banshee Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "universe" defined multiple times with different content
  19. ^ Hunt the Truth Season 2, Episode 04: JACKALS
  20. ^ a b EliteSpeak
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i Halo 4 - Terminal 1
  22. ^ Halo: The Cole Protocol
  23. ^ Halo: The Flood, page 28
  24. ^ Spartan Ops, E3 Catherine
  25. ^ Halo 4: Forward Unto Dawn
  26. ^ a b Halo: Glasslands, page 17
  27. ^ Halo 4: Forward Unto Dawn
  28. ^ Halo 4
  29. ^ Halo: Mortal Dictata, page 92
  30. ^ Halo: Contact Harvest, page 311
  31. ^ Halo Encyclopedia, pages 148-149
  32. ^ Halo: Broken Circle, page 277 (Google Play edition)
  33. ^ Spartan Ops, S1E8 Expendable
  34. ^ a b Halo: Hunters in the Dark
  35. ^ Halo: Mortal Dictata, page 394
  36. ^ Halo Wars Launch Site Original Source Defunct
  37. ^ Halo 4: Forward Unto Dawn
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