Yanme'e

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"Drones aren't brave; they're just incapable of feeling fear."

— Bungie.net's description of Drones.

The Yanme'e (Latin Turpis rex, translated to "dishonorable king"^[1]), referred to by humans as Drones or derisively as Buggers, are a race of sentient, flight-capable insectoids who make up part of the alien religious hegemony known as the Covenant.

Background

The Yanme'e are an insectoid species that are covered in a natural chitinous exoskeleton. They do not interact with the other species except to trade resources and serve in the military and their exact position in the Covenant Hierarchy is relatively unknown, although it is reasonable to believe that they are higher in rank than Unggoy and Kig-yar, but lower in rank than Sangheili and Jiralhanae. They are usually used as mechanics and repair crews on ships when Huragok are not available, though they aren't nearly as effective as the Engineers. In jealousy, they have even killed an Engineer named Lighter Than Some aboard the Covenant vessel Rapid Conversion when the Huragok was assigned all the drones' tasks. After the Great Schism began, almost all of the Yanme'e took the side of the San 'Shyuum and the Jiralhanae.

They obey the commands of the higher castes without question, but have little concept of religion and do not partake in social norms due to communication difficulties with other species. They refer to the Prophets as "Queens", a remnant of their former hive lifestyle. The Drones' language is a cacophony of high-pitched clicking or whining from the rubbing of their waxy, leaf like wings.^[2] They are also known to communicate with loud shrieks and screeches. Some ideas are conveyed through the use of pheromones.^[3]

The Yanme'e are a eusocial species, meaning their society consists of reproductive queens, reproductive males and non-reproductive female workers and/or soldiers. Because of this, they can be extremely dogmatic and hive-minded^[2]; something that may have made for an easy conversion into the Covenant hierarchy. They were one of the newest races to join the Covenant. They are respected by the other Covenant species for their natural intelligence, obedience, and technological skill. Their skills with technology have brought them into an often violent rivalry with the Huragok. The Yanme'e fought for the Covenant during the Great Schism.

History

The Ark and Reseeding

The Yanme'e were one of many species indexed by the Librarian to be preserved on Installation 00 for preservation from the Halo Array^{[citation needed]}. They were subsequently returned to their homeworld Palamok, where they began re-building their culture.^{[citation needed]}

The Covenant

The Yanme'e first encountered the Covenant in the year 1112. Initially, first contact was violent, but surprisingly, it was the Covenant who fared worse in these battles. The San 'Shyuum eventually found an effective way to communicate with the Yanme'e, and eventually incorporated them into the Covenant by treaty.^[4] The San 'Shyuum were quick to make use of their talent for repairing machinery, and employed them as mechanics on Covenant vessels.

After the Hierarchs declared war on humanity, Yanme'e were used as military combatants against UNSC forces. They were deployed during many major conflicts, including the Battle of Reach. During the Battle of Earth, they boarded Orbital Defense Platforms along with other Covenant infantry. When the Covenant made landfall in New Mombasa, the Yanme'e immediately established a large hive in the Superintendent's data center.

During the Great Schism, the Yanme'e joined the side of the Jiralhanae. Many were present as combatants during the Battle of Installation 00.

Anatomy and physiology

The Yanme'e are not true insects, as they do not share a common ancestry with life on Earth, but they share many similarities with earthly beetles and colonial insects. The Yanme'e have hard exoskeletons made from a glossy chitinous substance, as well as two pairs of veined wings. These adaptations are a response to the high gravity of the Yanme'e homeworld, Palamok; their shells allow them to withstand hard falls, and the thick atmosphere of Palamok allows the winged Yanme'e to achieve just enough lift to perform fluttering leaps. In lower-gravity environments, Yanme'e are capable of using their wings for actual aerial maneuvering, but the weight of their exoskeleton prevents them from flying without the use of antigravity technology.^[3]

Unlike Earth insects, which have three body sections, the segments of the Yanme'e body are divided into five: a head, a cephalothorax, a thorax, a pelvis and an abdomen. The head supports a pair of feathery sensory antennae and compound eyes. The mouth consists of several sets of mandibles like those found on insects. Their hands sport opposable thumbs and three dextrous fingers. The first pair of legs are attached to a pelvis like structure, while the second pair is attached to the abdomen. This last set of limbs allows the Yanme'e to latch on to ceilings and hang down vertically during sleep.

Yanme'e exoskeletons are brightly colored, with different hues representing different ranks or stages of maturity. Adolescent, or pupal, Yanme'e have translucent shells that glow luminescent yellow and orange, Minors are greenish-yellow, Majors are dark red, Ultras are blue and cyan, and Leaders are gold in color.

Almost nothing is known about the Yanme'e life cycle beyond the fact that the queen lays eggs. It is possible that the Yanme'e go through a complete metamorphosis including an egg, larva, pupae and adult stage, as do many terrestrial insects and arthropods.

Intelligence

Yanme'e are a eusocial species, and therefore their intelligence is geared toward working in concert with large groups. They can accomplish tasks swiftly and efficiently when working together, and their knowledge of machinery is rivaled only by the Huragok. However, they lack individuality because of their hive lifestyle. Their instincts and societal conditioning suppress creative thought and encourage total obedience to authority. No examples of Drone names have yet been discovered, which could be another sign of their lack of individuality. They do not appear to experience higher emotions; It is known that they are able to feel jealousy, as seen when they killed the Engineer Lighter Than Some because he usurped their role as technician on board the Rapid Conversion. Despite their intrinsic link to the hive mind, Unmutual Yanme'e are capable of independent thought and tactical planning.

Capabilities

Although primarily used as mechanics and laborers, Yanme'e are occasionally deployed during combat situations. They are typically used for surprise aerial ambushes and assaults, such as catching infantrymen off guard and diverting their attention so that their Covenant allies may gain the upper hand. Yanme'e are quite capable of using most light Covenant weaponry, and depending on their rank may wield plasma pistols, needlers and plasma rifles. They can also be seen lifting their enemies off the ground to impressive heights despite their frail appearance.^[5]

During large-scale ground engagements, Yanme'e have a tendency to entrench themselves and establish hives within enemy territory, as seen during the Fall of Reach and the conflicts in New Mombasa. This can make them a persistent threat, as the hives provide a constant supply of Yanme'e to reinforce occupying Covenant troops.

Social hierarchy, behavior and caste structure

As mentioned before, the Yanme'e are a eusocial species. They live in colonies built around a single reproductive queen, wingless males, workers and soldiers.

Queen

The queen is the central figure of the hive. Her primary role, as with ants and bees, is to propagate the species. Being a sentient species, the queen likely serves as an absolute matriarchal leader, making her a queen in the literal sense as well. The queen has been described as being large with the distended, egg producing abdomen seen in queen termites. This extra bulk would likely limit the queen's mobility. This is further reinforced by a Queen present for the ascensions of the High Prophets of Truth, Mercy, and Regret being carried on a litter supported by at least six wingless male drones. It is unlikely that a single queen could support an entire species so there are probably multiple, though possibly subordinate, queens.

Wingless males

These are drones in the true sense of the word. They are the reproductive male caste of the hive, like drone bees. The term "drone" is often incorrectly used for the worker caste of many eusocial species. Little is known about their appearance other than that they are wingless. To prevent inbreeding, the drones would have to come from an unrelated hive. It's likely that they have wings earlier in their lives so they can travel, but they are later lost or removed after mating with the queen. This behavior can be seen in ants and termites. Like the males of eusocial insects, they probably lack any natural weaponry and have enlarged eyes. The males probably exist for the sole purpose of fertilizing the queen, as well as caring for her and move her from place to place. The lack of wings may also render them "mute" as it seems the Yanme'e use their wings to communicate.^[2]

Workers and soldiers

As with many species of ants, there may not be a true division in the worker and soldier caste, but the two may simply be different sizes of worker. Most insect workers are biologically female, but incapable of reproduction. Within the worker/soldier caste, there appear to be many ranks. Minors are the most common form and have a very low (as low or lower than the grunts') position in Covenant society. Majors could represent a separate soldier caste: they have larger wings, fly faster, are more skilled in combat and often carry Needlers.

Unmutuals

These are Drones unable to work in concert with the rest of the hive, and have in fact been known to go on rampages destroying nests, smashing eggs, even murdering other adult Yanme'e. They are generally imprisoned to prevent them from communicating with the rest of the hive, and on at least one known occasion have been sent to mine helium-3 on planets captured by the Covenant. Yanme'e in these penal colonies are often guarded by Kig-yar who may work them to death. On one occasion a Kig-yar actually removed the legs of a drone whom SPARTAN Team Black named Hopalong. He helped the SPARTANs infiltrate their objective, deceiving them long enough to release the rest of the drone prisoners.

Hives

Yanme'e generally build their hives into cavern ceilings deep underground, and they are able to build a fully functional hive within a single day. A defining characteristic of Yanme'e hives is that they radiate heat to their surroundings from vent-like openings, elevating the temperature over a large area. Yanme'e hives are constructed from a web-like substance, which is formed into large stalactite-shaped structures.^[6]

Homeworld

Main article: Palamok

The Yanme'e homeworld is Palamok, an Earth-like planet but twice the size with over twice the gravity (2.2G). This gives them the ability to fly quite well in 1.0 G environments.^[7]

Rank structure

Overall

Though a sense of organization or leadership is usually unclear among swarms of attacking Yanme'e, rank structure can be surmised based on the color of a Drone's exoskeleton and the strength of its defensive armor. The reason for the association of color with strength and rank is unknown, but one possible theory is that it is based on age. Yanme'e, like many real-world insects, may grow by molting their skins. The color changes could occur after each molt, when the Drone becomes larger and stronger.

An attaché is selected from each Yanme'e combat unit and is tasked with interfacing with the other Covenant races in order to organize the swarm. Due to the difficulty in communication among the Yanme'e and the other Covenant races, these attachés do not socialize with their superiors. Instead, they are expected to become familiar enough with their allies' modes of communication that they can keep their unit mates coordinated effectively.^[3]

Rank	Image	Description
Yanme'e Leaders
Yanme'e Queen		Queens are the leaders of Hives, responsible for the birth of new members of the Swarm.
Yanme'e Leader	File:Drone Leader.jpg	Drone Leaders appear to command groups of Yanme'e Minor and Majors.
Yanme'e Infantry
Yanme'e Ultra	File:Yanme'e Specialist (blue - reach) 2.jpg	An Ultra is considered the highest regular military rank for the species. They are distinguished by their blue and cyan exoskeletons, along with paired forked horn-like structures on their head and cephalothorax.
Yanme'e Major	File:ReachRedShell.jpg	Drone Majors are one step higher than the Minor Drones. They still appear low in rank, about the same as a Jackal Minor. They are most often seen commanded by Jackal Majors, Brutes, and even Special Operations Grunts. Yanme'e Majors are differentiated from lower ranks by their crimson shells and energy shields. They have longer wings and can fly faster than Drone Minors.
Yanme'e Minor	File:Yanme'e Minor (green) 2.jpg	Logically, Drone Minors are the lowest of the Drone ranks. They are commanded by Drone Majors, Jackals, and Grunt Majors. They seem equal, if not even inferior in rank, to the Grunt Minors, placing them at the very bottom of the Covenant hierarchy. Usually found equipped with Plasma Pistols, Needlers, and rarely Plasma Rifles, Drone Minors, while powerful in swarms, are weak individually. They can be taken down fairly easily, and will often make tactical errors such as flying into an enemy's line of sight, or getting in the path of another Drone's shot. They have green, blue, and silver exoskeletons.

Other Ranks

Regular Drone infantry are composed of the following ranks:

Green - Green Drones are the most common type of Yanme'e encountered and are by the far the weakest.
Blue - Blue Drones are moderately common on the battlefield but are slightly stronger than their green counterparts.
Silver - Silver Drones are both slightly more rare and more resistant to attack than blue Yanme'e.

Among these infantry ranks, an additional group of leader Drones have also been seen on the battlefield, utilizing Plasma Rifles and low-powered personal energy shields to make them more capable in combat. Only two of these leader varieties have been seen:

Gold - Gold Drones are adolescent leaders who have been rushed from their pupal stage. As a result, their abdomens glow brightly.^[8] They occur in slightly less numbers than their red brethren.
Red - Red Drones represent the peak of the Yanme'e ranks. They are extremely capable warriors compared to the rest of their brothers and feature weak energy shields.

Trivia

The nickname "buggers" is likely a reference to the Formic race in the Orson Scott Card novel Ender's Game. Additionally, the Drones' native name, Yanme'e, could be based on the Japanese 蜻蜓 (yanma), meaning "large dragonfly".
The weight of a Drone averages around 77 kilograms, a reference of Bungie's love of the number 7.
The multiplayer map Guardian has visual similarity to the description of the Drone's home world Palamok, and the sounds of Yanme'e can be heard in the background.
Palamok in Filipino means "increasing of mosquitoes" which may reference to the body structure and behavior of the Yanme'e.

An animation cut from Halo 3.

During concept stages for Halo 3, the Yanme'e were planned to have an animation in which they would carry away a Marine.^[9] This animation was cut from the final game but one does pick up a Marine for a short time at the beginning of the first swarm attack in Crow's Nest.
In Halo: Reach, when Drones are killed with a headshot, they explode, leaving behind only limbs.
In Halo: Reach, Drones are not encountered in Firefight mode, unlike Halo 3: ODST.
On the Bungie.net game stats for Halo: Reach, Yanme'e are referred to as "Buggers" rather than their more common nickname, "Drones".
Drones developed a rank system during the Great Schism, where they took the Prophets' side.

Gallery

A Yanme'e drone as it appears in Halo 2.
Yanme'e drone Minor as it appears in Halo 3.
Yanme'eInsectDrone-transparent.png

A Yanme'e drone as it appears in Halo 3.
A group of Drones flying forward in Halo 2 Vista.
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A group of Drones attempting to hijack a Ghost in Halo 3.
The Yanme'e hive, as seen in the Halo 3: ODST level Data Hive.
Yanme'e Captain Major (Yellow).jpg

A gold Drone on Data Hive.
Two Yanme'e seen in Halo 3: ODST's Firefight level Chasm Ten.
Diversity of Drone ranks hanging asleep from a Phantom.
A Yanme'e in Halo: Reach.
Yanme'e Major (Blue).jpg

A blue Drone in Halo 3: ODST.
Yanme'e Ultra (White).jpg

A white Drone in Halo 3: ODST.
1218936062 Drone b.png

Early render of the Yanme'e drone in Halo 2.
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Concept art of the Yanme'e drone as they appear in Halo Legends: Homecoming.