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Sangheili (language)/Silver: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Sangheili, the language featured in the show, is | Sangheili, the language featured in the show, is an [[Wikipedia:Ergative–absolutive alignment|ergative–absolutive language]] spoken by the [[Sangheili]], as well as generally inside the Covenant, an alien alliance that worships the Halo Array. The language is a lightly inflectional head-final language with distinctive vowel length and ejectives. | ||
Sangheili uses Standard American Romanization. Ejective consonants are written with a following apostrophe, and the r is the tap [ɾ]. The language has long vowels, represented by a doubled vowel, and occasionally has geminates, also written doubly. Likely the most challenging aspect of the phonology are the consonants with a velar release. These are written as if they began with a consonant cluster, but they occur at every point of articulation—namely, pkh [pˣ], tkh [tˣ], kkh [kˣ], and qkh [qˣ], and even the fricative (or fricative-ending) consonants skh [sˣ], shkh [ʃˣ], and chkh [tʃˣ] | Sangheili uses Standard American Romanization. Ejective consonants are written with a following apostrophe, and the r is the tap [ɾ]. The language has long vowels, represented by a doubled vowel, and occasionally has geminates, also written doubly. Likely the most challenging aspect of the phonology are the consonants with a velar release. These are written as if they began with a consonant cluster, but they occur at every point of articulation—namely, pkh [pˣ], tkh [tˣ], kkh [kˣ], and qkh [qˣ], and even the fricative (or fricative-ending) consonants skh [sˣ], shkh [ʃˣ], and chkh [tʃˣ] | ||
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* Certain sounds that are found in proper names among the Sangheili, which are not part of Sangheili phonology, are treated as approximations resulting from human attempts at Latinizing these names. Because there are no [f], [θ], or [v] sounds in the language, names like [[Thel 'Vadamee]] and [[Fal 'Chavamee]] are English approximations of ''T'elo Badami'' and ''P'alo Chabami'', respectively, in Sangheili. | * Certain sounds that are found in proper names among the Sangheili, which are not part of Sangheili phonology, are treated as approximations resulting from human attempts at Latinizing these names. Because there are no [f], [θ], or [v] sounds in the language, names like [[Thel 'Vadamee]] and [[Fal 'Chavamee]] are English approximations of ''T'elo Badami'' and ''P'alo Chabami'', respectively, in Sangheili.<ref>[https://archiveofourown.org/works/37951303/chapters/105183123#workskin Archive of Our Own - Conlang Dialogue: Chapter 6 ]</ref>{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511104056244154368|David J. Peterson|Quote=P and T. Wasn’t too concerned. After all, München becomes Munich in English; Köln Cologne, etc.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}}{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511105091167670274|David J. Peterson|Quote=B, I’m that case.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}} | ||
==Grammar and Morphology== | ==Grammar and Morphology== | ||
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===Case Particles / Postpositions=== | ===Case Particles / Postpositions=== | ||
These case particles are placed after | These case particles are placed after a noun to indicate the role they play in a sentence. The ergative and absolutive are grammatical. The vocative case is used for direct address, while the rest pertain to locative functions.{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511090947278311427|David J. Peterson|Quote=Cases are, in this case, little tags that let you know what role a noun plays in the sentence. Ergative and absolutive are grammatical; vocative is for direct address; the rest are locative. I’ll explain these.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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!Ergative | !Ergative | ||
| o | | o | ||
| Used after a noun to mark it as the subject of a transitive verb. | | Used after a noun to mark it as the subject of a transitive verb (a verb with an object). | ||
|-style="text-align: center | |-style="text-align: center | ||
!Illative | !Illative | ||
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===Verb Tenses=== | ===Verb Tenses=== | ||
Sangheili has 8 tenses, but the meanings of those tenses vary depending on whether the verb is stative or dynamic. | Sangheili has 8 tenses, but the meanings of those tenses vary depending on whether the verb is stative or dynamic.{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511096373633970183|David J. Peterson|Quote=#Sangheili has 8 tenses, but the meanings of those tenses vary depending on whether the verb is stative or dynamic.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Verb Tenses !! Dynamic Verbs !! Stative Verbs !! Suffix | ! Verb Tenses !! Dynamic Verbs !! Stative Verbs !! Suffix | ||
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Sangheili Negation and Question forms: | Sangheili Negation and Question forms: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! !! Dynamic !! Stative !! Suffix | ! !! Dynamic Verbs !! Stative Verbs !! Suffix | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Negative | ! Negative | ||
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===Demonstratives=== | ===Demonstratives=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! !! Adjective !! Singular !! Plural !! Adverb | ! Type !! Adjective !! Singular !! Plural !! Adverb | ||
|-align="center" | |-align="center" | ||
! Proximal (near the speaker) | ! Proximal (near the speaker) | ||