Sangheili (language): Difference between revisions
→Phonology: added tables for consonant and vowel sounds
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Sangheili language includes 8 main vowels (/ä/, /ɑ/, /i/, /ɪ/, /e̞/, /ɔ/, /o/ and /u/) and 18 main consonants (/s/, /z/, /ʂ/, /ʐ/, /q/, /ɢ/, /ʈ/, /ɖ/, /f/, /b̪/, /ħ/, /j/, /ɰ<sup>β</sup>/, /ɱ/, /ɳ/, /ɴ/, /ɻ/ and /ʔ/). Three more consonants also appear in words borrowed from other Sangheili dialects or alien languages. These are /p̪/, /ɺ<sup>ɽ</sup>~ɭ/ and /ʋ/. In certain instances, the sounds /o̞/, /ɕ/, /ʑ/, /w/ and /ɽ/ can appear as allophones of /ɔ/, /ʂ/, /ʐ/, /ɰ<sup>β</sup>/ and /ɻ/ respectively. Furthermore, /ɯ<sup>β</sup>/ and /ʊ/ are allophones of /u/ while /ə/ can serve as allophone of /ä/ and /e̞/ when those two sounds are weakened. | The Sangheili language includes 8 main vowels (/ä/, /ɑ/, /i/, /ɪ/, /e̞/, /ɔ/, /o/ and /u/) and 18 main consonants (/s/, /z/, /ʂ/, /ʐ/, /q/, /ɢ/, /ʈ/, /ɖ/, /f/, /b̪/, /ħ/, /j/, /ɰ<sup>β</sup>/, /ɱ/, /ɳ/, /ɴ/, /ɻ/ and /ʔ/). Three more consonants also appear in words borrowed from other Sangheili dialects or alien languages. These are /p̪/, /ɺ<sup>ɽ</sup>~ɭ/ and /ʋ/. In certain instances, the sounds /o̞/, /ɕ/, /ʑ/, /w/ and /ɽ/ can appear as allophones of /ɔ/, /ʂ/, /ʐ/, /ɰ<sup>β</sup>/ and /ɻ/ respectively. Furthermore, /ɯ<sup>β</sup>/ and /ʊ/ are allophones of /u/ while /ə/ can serve as allophone of /ä/ and /e̞/ when those two sounds are weakened. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Sangheili consonant phonemes | |||
|- | |||
! !! Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Dorsal !! Laryngeal | |||
|-align="center" | |||
! Nasal | |||
| ɱ || || ɳ || || ɴ || | |||
|-align="center" | |||
! Flap | |||
| (ʋ) || || ( ɺ<sup>ɽ</sup> ~ ɭ ) || || | |||
|-align="center" | |||
! rowspan="2" | Plosive | |||
| (p̪) || || ʈ || || q || ʔ | |||
|-align="center" | |||
| b̪ || || ɖ || || ɢ | |||
|-align="center" | |||
! rowspan="2" | Fricative | |||
| f || s || ʂ || || || ħ | |||
|-align="center" | |||
| || z || ʐ || || || | |||
|-align="center" | |||
! Approximant | |||
| || || ɻ || j || ɰ<sup>β</sup> | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Sangheili vowel phonemes | |||
|- | |||
! !! Front !! Central !! Back | |||
|-align="center" | |||
! High | |||
| i || || u | |||
|-align="center" | |||
! Near-high | |||
| ɪ || || | |||
|-align="center" | |||
! High-mid | |||
| || || o | |||
|-align="center" | |||
! Mid | |||
| e̞ || (ə) || | |||
|-align="center" | |||
! Low-mid | |||
| || || ɔ | |||
|-align="center" | |||
! Low | |||
| || ä || ɑ | |||
|-align="center" | |||
! Diphthongs | |||
| colspan="3" | e̞ɪ äɪ äu ɔɪ ou | |||
|} | |||
Consonants /ɳ/, /ɱ/ and /ɴ/ can in some cases be moraic, in which case they are geminated and pronounced as /ɳ:/, /ɱ:/ and /ɴ:/. In addition some consonant complexes can be formed. These are /ʈ͡ʂ/, /ʈ͡ɕ/, /ɖ͡ʐ/, /ɖ͡ʑ/, /t͡s/, /ʈɰ<sup>β</sup>/, /ɖɰ<sup>β</sup>/, /ɳɰ<sup>β</sup>/ and /ɳɱ/. | Consonants /ɳ/, /ɱ/ and /ɴ/ can in some cases be moraic, in which case they are geminated and pronounced as /ɳ:/, /ɱ:/ and /ɴ:/. In addition some consonant complexes can be formed. These are /ʈ͡ʂ/, /ʈ͡ɕ/, /ɖ͡ʐ/, /ɖ͡ʑ/, /t͡s/, /ʈɰ<sup>β</sup>/, /ɖɰ<sup>β</sup>/, /ɳɰ<sup>β</sup>/ and /ɳɱ/. | ||