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{{Era|Forerunner}}
{{Status|Canon}}
{{Under Construction}}
{{Center|For the UNSC's conflict with the [[Ur-Didact|Didact]], see [[Post-Covenant War conflicts]].}}
{{Battle Infobox
{{Battle infobox
|prev=
|prev= [[Forerunner-Precursor war]]
|conc=
|conc=
|next=
|next= [[Forerunner-Flood war]]
|name=Human-Forerunner wars
|name=Human-Forerunner war
|image=
|image=[[File:H4-Terminal-CharumHakkor-Battle.jpg|350px]]
|conflict=
|conflict=
|date=c. [[110,000 BCE]]
|date=c. [[107,445 BCE]]—[[106,445 BCE]]<ref>'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''page 131''</ref>
|place=[[Orion Arm]] of the [[Milky Way Galaxy|Milky Way galaxy]]
|place=[[Orion Arm]] of the [[Milky Way|Milky Way galaxy]]
|result='''Forerunner victory'''
|result='''Decisive Forerunner victory'''
*Human empire dissolved
*Humanity's empire dissolved
*Alliance dissolved
*Human civilization dismantled; species biologically regressed
*Human forces completely annihilated, civilization wiped from the galaxy.
*Thousands of worlds devastated
*San'Shyuum homeworld placed under quarantine
*[[San'Shyuum home system]] quarantined
|side1=[[Forerunners]]
*Flood strategic retreat from Milky Way galaxy
|side2=[[Human-San 'Shyuum alliance]]
*Forerunner military resources exhausted
|commanders1=[[Forerunner Fleet Command]]
|side1=[[Ecumene|Forerunner ecumene]]
|commanders2=Unknown
|side2=[[Human-San'Shyuum alliance]]
|casual1=Unknown
*[[Ancestors|Humanity]]
|casual2=Unknown
*[[San'Shyuum]]
|side3=[[Flood]]
|commanders1=[[Ur-Didact|Didact]]
|commanders2=*[[Yprin Yprikushma]]†
*[[Forthencho]]†
*[[First Prophet]]
|commanders3=[[Gravemind]]
|casual1=Heavy
*Loss of at least 50 star systems<ref name="c130">'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''page 130''</ref>
|casual2=Heavy
*Loss of at least 1,000 star systems<ref name="empire">'''Halo: Primordium''', ''page 129''</ref>
|casual3=Heavy
*All Flood forms and infected worlds
}}
}}
{{Quote|Ten thousand years ago, humans had fought a war against Forerunners—and lost. The centers of human civilization had been dismantled and the humans themselves devolved and shattered into many forms, some said as punishment—but more likely because they were a naturally violent species.|[[Bornstellar]], c. [[100,000 B.C.E.]]}}
{{Quote|Ten thousand years ago, humans had fought a war against Forerunners — and lost. The centers of human civilization had been dismantled and the humans themselves devolved and shattered into many forms, some said as punishment — but more likely because they were a naturally violent species.|[[Bornstellar Makes Eternal Lasting]]}}
The '''Human-Forerunner wars''' were a series of major interstellar conflicts fought approximately in 110,000 B.C. in the [[Orion Arm|Orion arm]] of the [[Milky Way Galaxy|Milky Way galaxy]].<ref name="cryptum">'''[[Halo: Cryptum]]''', ''page 45''</ref> It was fought against overwhelming fleets and armies of the [[Forerunners]].<ref name="cryptum"/><ref group="note">With pre-historic human civilization completely dissolved from the galaxy, the species went into a de-evolved state recognized by historians since the evolution of modern science in the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries.</ref>


==History==
The '''human-Forerunner wars''',<ref>'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''pages 45, 47''</ref><ref>'''Halo: Primordium''', ''pages 236, 375''</ref> also referred to collectively as the '''Human-Forerunner War''',<ref name="HFW">[http://halo.xbox.com/blogs/Headlines/post/2012/06/20/The-Halo-Bulletin-62012.aspx '''The Halo Bulletin''' - ''6.20.12'']</ref> were a series of major interstellar conflicts fought between the [[human-San'Shyuum alliance]] and the [[Forerunner]] [[ecumene]] for over a millennium from around [[107,445 BCE]] to [[106,445 BCE]] across the [[Orion Arm]] of the [[Milky Way|Milky Way galaxy]]. Stemming from a [[Flood]] outbreak in the humans' dominion, the wars resulted in the dismantling of [[Ancestors|humanity's interstellar empire]] and in the quarantine of the [[San'Shyuum]] species.<ref name="cryptum">'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''page 45''</ref>
 
The [[Librarian]] considered the wars to have been the greatest threat to Forerunner power in their history and believed the conflict weakened the Forerunners enough to allow the Flood to emerge victorious until the firing of the [[Halo Array|Halos]].<ref name="h4reclaimer">'''Halo 4''', campaign level ''[[Reclaimer (level)|Reclaimer]]''</ref> While humanity's defeat affirmed Forerunner dominance over the entire galaxy, the destruction of a major military power combined with the subsequent political schism within the highest levels of Forerunner society set the stage for the return of the Flood and the disastrous [[Forerunner-Flood war]].
 
==Background==
===Origins===
===Origins===
Although Humanity was a far younger race than the Forerunners, they had always held Forerunner interference with contempt. Looking to escape from Forerunner control, Humanity expanded throughout the Orion arm, and eventually began building an impressive empire consisting of hundreds of worlds.  
Humanity held less power in the galaxy than the Forerunners, and held the Forerunners' interference in the affairs of other species with contempt. Looking to escape from the Forerunners' dominion, humanity expanded throughout the [[Orion Arm]] and eventually built an impressive empire consisting of at least 20,000 worlds in a thousand systems.{{Ref/Reuse|empire}} The Didact had considered humanity to be the second greatest military power in the galaxy and the latest rival to Forerunner influence before the Flood. In their early history, humanity had allied themselves with the also technologically-sophisticated [[San'Shyuum]]; this alliance produced technology that easily rivaled that of the Forerunners. As they collected and studied [[Precursor]] technology at [[Charum Hakkor]], creating one of the largest collections of Precursor artifacts in the galaxy, humanity's rapid technological achievements made them increasingly arrogant and willing to challenge Forerunner dominance. This, coupled with their belief that they were the true inheritors of the [[Mantle]] from the Precursors rather than the Forerunners (which turned out to be true), made them ideological enemies with the Forerunners. The [[Ur-Didact|Didact]], commander-in-chief of the Forerunner military, saw humanity as one of the most contentious, bigoted, and self-centered species in the galaxy.<ref>'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''page 112-113''</ref>
 
During their colonization of other planets, humans discovered automated cargo ships of unknown origin, which had supposedly arrived from the [[Large Magellanic Cloud]], crashed on planets near the edge of the galaxy. The humans found no crew, with the ships appearing to be automated, but they did find millions of small transparent cylinders filled with an unknown powder. Initial testing was done in the strictest containment. These early tests showed the powder to be harmless and useless, being composed of lifeless short-chain organic molecules. Early experiments demonstrated psychotropic effects on some smaller domesticated animals, one of which being the [[Pheru]]. The powder tests on the Pheru proved to be initially harmless, and indeed appeared to encourage desirable traits to appear in their appearance and behavior. However, over time the powder began merging with and altering the genome of the Pheru in order to generate its own [[Flood Super Cell]]s. Soon, the infected Pheru began to infect others and even began showing some symptoms of the Flood mutation, such as fleshy tentacle-like rods. Close contact with the Pheru spread the infection to humanity. Some [[San'Shyuum]] were also infected as the Pheru were also kept as pets on the San'Shyuum worlds. Eventually the Flood began to spread, and the [[Feral Stage]] was initiated.
 
==War==
[[File:H4-Terminal-HumanShip-Bridge.jpg|thumb|250px|A human ship prepares to cleanse an infested planet by orbital bombardment.]]
{{quote|Humanity hadn't been expanding. They were ''running''.|The [[Librarian]]{{Ref/Reuse|h4reclaimer}}}}
By the time the human officials discovered what the powder had done, it was too late. Entire planets were infected, and the Flood began to aggressively expand. Humans, in desperation, began forcefully taking worlds from other species to make up for the ones they had lost. Humanity annihilated fifty defenseless systems in which the Forerunners had resettled other species. After the indigenous populations were eliminated, humanity replaced them with their own colonies to strengthen their hold over their new territories. Humanity looked to forcibly take new worlds anywhere, including those inhabited by Forerunners.<ref name="c270">'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''page 270-272''</ref> However, not all of this seemingly irrational violence was driven by the will to expand; instead, human fleets under the command of [[Forthencho|Forthencho, Lord of Admirals]] were sterilizing planets with Flood infestations. When Forerunner worlds became infected, they were immediately targeted for [[orbital bombardment]], killing millions of Forerunners in the process. As the Forerunners apparently did not believe the Flood a credible threat to their [[ecumene]], these actions only fueled their hatred towards perceived human aggression against other species.<ref name="terminals">'''Halo 4''', ''[[Terminal (Halo 4)|Terminals]]''</ref>
 
[[Earth|Erda]], humanity's homeworld, was one of the earliest worlds lost to the Forerunners, a tremendous blow to humanity's morale.{{Ref/Reuse|pri238}} Over the course of the millennium-long conflict, humanity never came closer than 15,000 light-years of the [[Orion complex]], the center of Forerunner power.<ref>'''Halo: Primordium''', ''page 308''</ref> The Didact came up with a "[[star-hopping]]" plan, wherein [[Forerunner fleet]]s would [[Slipstream space|jump]] to strategically important human worlds and simply skip other less important human star systems, allowing the Forerunners to conserve their resources and fight efficiently.<ref name="pri187">'''Halo: Primordium''', ''page 187-188''</ref>
 
[[106,538 BCE|40 years before]] humanity's last conflict with the Forerunners, an ancient being known as the [[Primordial]] was discovered by a human science expedition.<ref>'''Halo: Primordium''', ''page 236-238''</ref> Human researchers brought the creature to Charum Hakkor and attempted to ask the creature about the Flood. They received answers so traumatizing many of them committed suicide rather than live with the knowledge.<ref>'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''page 268-271''</ref> As a last desperate measure, humanity's leaders decided to take a third of their population and genetically altered them. They then took this third of the human population and allowed the Flood to consume them. The new genes, it was believed, aggressively killed off Flood biomatter and destroyed the Flood until the few that survived were forced to escape. They would not reappear for another 9,000 years. In truth, however, the Flood had not been defeated, and the genetic alterations had not been effective at combating the parasite. Rather, the Flood willingly retreated, though the reasons why they did so would not become apparent until thousands of years later.{{Ref/Reuse|c270}}
[[File:H4-Terminal-PreHuman-Death.jpg|thumb|250px|left|A human warrior falls in battle.]]
The conflict with the Flood destroyed countless human-populated systems and cost more than a third of humanity's population and significant military resources. Despite the disadvantage of fighting a massive two-front war, humanity managed to prevail over the Flood and still nearly prevailed over the Forerunners as well. However, the Flood had taken their toll and, in their defeat, sounded the death knell of early human civilization at the hands of the [[Ur-Didact|Didact]]. While human forces were capable of dealing with the Forerunners on equal footing, the total forces they could commit were never enough to ensure victory. After the Flood began to recede from the galaxy, humans could allocate more of their military strength against the Forerunners, but the Didact's Warriors had already gained the strategic upper hand while humanity battled the parasite.<ref name="s34">'''Halo: Silentium''', ''pages 34-39''</ref>
 
While dying out, the Flood still maintained control over thousands of worlds across the galactic margin. The Forerunner Warrior-Servants under the Didact's leadership came into contact with the parasite at this time, resulting in the infection of hundreds of their battle fleets. However, once they understood the threat of the Flood posed, they adopted a policy of total extermination and were able to defeat the parasite via sheer firepower. From the few scattered specimens retained for analysis, the Forerunners first learned of the Flood's [[logic plague]], which had corrupted the onboard [[ancilla]]s on the infested fleets.{{Ref/Reuse|s34}}
 
[[File:H4 - Charum Hakkor.jpg|thumb|250px|Human ships destroyed above Charum Hakkor.]]
Preceding the final conflict in the wars, humanity made great advances in military and science technology on par with those of the Forerunners, thanks to the efforts of humanity's Political and Morale Commander [[Yprin Yprikushma]], who encouraged humans to study Forerunner technologies from humanity's earlier conflicts with Forerunners.<ref name="pri238">'''Halo: Primordium''', ''pages 237-238''</ref> At the same time, the Forerunner [[Builder]] rate engineered numerous new weapons and vessels for the war effort, increasing their wealth and power by a tremendous degree.{{Ref/Reuse|s34}}
 
===Standoff at Charum Hakkor===
{{Main|Siege of Charum Hakkor}}
The human military was eventually pushed back to Charum Hakkor and a few other core systems by the Didact's [[Warrior-Servant]]s. Human forces continually lost star system after system. Eventually, Charum Hakkor was cut off from the rest of the empire by the Didact's [[Forerunner fleet|naval fleets]]. The Forerunners took advantage of their mastery over Slipspace greatly and strategically by cutting off reinforcements and supplies as well as isolating the fortified systems of the human empire. On Charum Hakkor, humanity incorporated Precursor technology into their own designs, constructing formidable fortifications capable of standing up to even the strongest fleets. Among them were [[unbending filament]]s that linked their orbital platforms' defenses. Despite having the combined Forerunner military at his disposal, it took great effort from the Didact to defeat the human resistance and capture the capital. Among the Forerunner casualties were all the Didact's children.<ref name="c138">'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''page 138''</ref>
 
Although cut off and unable to receive reinforcements from neither the San'Shyuum nor other human systems, the humans held off continuous attacks for 53 years. The San 'Shyuum leadership surrendered to the Forerunners at some point during this time, leaving their human allies and the remaining San'Shyuum on Charum Hakkor stranded. The Forerunners offered San 'Shyuum a secret deal to soften their punishment by stripping them of many technologies before reducing and quarantining the population of San 'Shyuum to their home system in exchange for the knowledge and access to the security of Charum Hakkor's defenses. This allowed the Forerunners to breach the impregnable security and land on the planet. The siege might have lasted far longer, even indefinitely, if not for the betrayal of San 'Shyuum. The ground war lasted three years.


Before the war, Humanity had made great advances in military and science technology rivaling those of the [[Forerunners]]. In his conversations with Bornstellar on their arrival at [[Charum Hakkor]], the center of the human empire, the Didact stated that the Forerunners had little defense against the weapons created by the Humans and San'Shyuum. By collecting and reverse-engineering Precursor technology at [[Charum Hakkor]], one of the largest collections in the galaxy, Humanity's rapid technological achievements made them increasingly arrogant and willing to challenge Forerunner dominance. This coupled with their belief that they, not the Forerunners, were the true inheritors of the [[Mantle]] from the Precursors made them ideological enemies, and heretics from a Forerunner perspective.  
When the planet finally fell, a significant number of humans and San 'Shyuum committed suicide rather than being taken prisoner. With the planet's fall, whatever remained of the human empire eventually fell to the enemy forces in the coming years as an effortless mop up.{{Ref/Reuse|c138}}
{{Clear}}


Essentially purists, Humanity destroyed and moved indigenous species during their rapid colonization expansion into outer space even before the [[Human-Flood war]]. One such example of Humanity's annihilated fifty defenseless systems in which Forerunners had resettled other species. After wiping out the indigenous populations, they were replaced with Human colonies to strengthen their hold over their new territories. The rapid expansion of Human technology and power created tensions with the more powerful Forerunner empire. The Didact saw Humanity as one of the most contentious, bigoted, self-centered species in the galaxy. Seeing themselves as a great galaxy power capable of rivaling the Forerunner Empire, Humanity began to expand in all directions. The last straw leading to the war was the Human conquest and destruction of Forerunner worlds during the last stages of the Human-Flood war. Devastated by the infestation, Humanity looked to forcibly take new worlds anywhere, including those inhabited by Forerunners. Although initially successful in destroying and conquering many Forerunner worlds, Humanity was eventually pushed back to Charum Hakkor.
==Aftermath==
===Humanity===
The defeat was disastrous for both humanity and the San'Shyuum. The victorious Forerunners decided to dismantle human civilization, causing the species to regress to [[Erde-Tyrene civilization|a pre-technological state]].{{Ref/Reuse|cryptum}} Remnants of the human species were gathered from across the galaxy by the Forerunners and their subject species,<ref>'''Halo: Primordium''', ''page 156''</ref> to be exiled to their homeworld and forced through a process of biological devolution.{{Ref/Reuse|s34}}


===Battle of Charum Hakkor===
Due to the Flood's sudden retreat in the final stages of the war, the Forerunner leadership had come to believe that humanity had found a cure for the parasite.{{Ref/Reuse|c270}} This achievement spared humanity from extinction, a fate that had fallen on many species that challenged Forerunner control over the ages. Although herself skeptical of the existence of a cure, the [[Librarian]] appealed to the [[Ecumene Council]] so that humanity would be spared, as only with humanity's culture and civilization-wide exchange intact the Forerunners could hope to unlock the cure to the Flood. The Council agreed, but only in part: as opposed to maintaining the humans in their organic forms, numerous humans on Charum Hakkor had their [[Mind transfer|minds extracted]] via [[Composer]]s and subsequently cycled through a rate of interrogation for thousands of years. Copies of these memories were also implanted by the Librarian in the genetic material of future human generations, designed to awaken when the right circumstances were met as part of her own plans.<ref>'''Halo: Primordium''', ''pages 234-235''</ref> However, the Librarian and her Lifeworkers remained highly skeptical of whether a cure really existed. Their projections showed that the Flood should have been able to completely overrun the galaxy in several centuries, and suspected that there was something else at play with regard to the Flood's retreat.{{Ref/Reuse|s34}} It was later discovered that not only had humanity not found a cure for the Flood, but that the Flood's retreat had been a feint, undertaken both for the purpose of preserving humanity from destruction at the Forerunners' hands, and for the purpose of wasting Forerunner time and resources on a dead-end hunt for a Flood cure that had never existed.
Although Humanity was successful in its early conquest of Forerunner worlds, they were forced to deploy the majority of their military against the Flood. By the time the Flood had been defeated, the Human military had been exhausted. Even the capital of Charum Hakkor had been cut off from the rest of the empire by Didact's naval fleets. On Charum Hakkor, Humanity had incorporated precursor technology and constructed formidable fortifications capable of standing out against even the strongest fleets. Among them were unbending filaments that link their orbital platforms defenses similar in concepts to the [[Orbital Defense Platform]] on [[Earth]] and [[Reach]]. Despite having the combined Forerunner military at his disposal, it took the Didact great efforts to defeat the Human resistance and capture the capital. Among the casualties were all of the Didact's children.  


Although cut-off and unable to receive reinforcements from the San'Shyuum, the Humans held off continuous attacks for fifty years. When the planet finally fell, a significant number of Humans and San'Shyuum committed suicide rather than being taken prisoner.
===Forerunners===
The threat of the Flood would lead to the rise of the corrupt [[Builder]]s led by [[Master Builder]] [[Faber]] and eventually the banishment and execution of the [[Promethean]] leadership and the marginalization of the [[Warrior-Servant]] rate. Once humanity was defeated, the tragedies of the war convinced the Didact and his fellow Prometheans that using the Halo Array, like the destruction of humanity, would violate the Mantle. The Prometheans opposed and successfully forestalled the construction of the Halos for thousands of years, until their defeat by the Builders.


===Aftermath===
While opposed to the complete destruction of humanity advocated by the Council,{{Ref/Reuse|s34}} the Didact blamed humanity for taking the Mantle of Responsibility upon themselves, believing it was their reckless actions that brought the sickness into the galaxy.{{Ref/Reuse|terminals}} In truth, the Forerunners had even less success in battling the Flood than their human rivals. The Mantle, holding that all life was sacred, hamstrung Forerunner attempts to combat the infection, allowing the parasite to exponentially expand until no force could stop it. The Didact later regretted the devolution of humanity, as he had been unaware that the Flood was the reason for humanity's earlier aggression.<ref>'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''pages 238-239''</ref>
Humanity was completely and utterly defeated, the tragedies of the war convinced the Didact to oppose and forestall the construction of the [[Halo Array]] seeing it would violate the Mantle as the destruction of Humanity proved similarly, a task that he succeeded for thousands of years.


The defeat was disastrous for both Humanity and the San'Shyuum. The victorious Forerunners decided to dismantle every piece of pre-historic human civilization, causing the species to devolve on their own. In addition, they executed many Humans for starting the conflict seeing them as naturally violent and aggressive. Because of this cataclysmic event, Humanity's culture splintered amongst their collective species, including the [[Florian]]s. This was noted as being a "punishment" by a young Forerunner pre-[[Builder]] [[Manipular]] known as [[Bornstellar Makes Eternal Lasting]] ten thousand years later.<ref name="cryptum"/> Humanity's defeat affirmed Forerunner hegemony over the entire galaxy as one of the only few powers capable of competing against it was utterly defeated. However, the destruction of Humanity sets the stage for the return of the Flood and the disastrous [[Forerunner-Flood War]] as the Forerunners proved totally inadequate to deal with the Flood. [[Didact|The Didact]] later regretted the complete destruction of Humanity as he was unaware the Flood was the reason for Humanity's aggression during [[Human-Flood War]].  
===San'Shyuum===
The [[San'Shyuum home system]] was placed under quarantine, with the Forerunner {{Class|Fortress|vessel}} ''[[Deep Reverence]]'' orbiting the species' homeworld, [[Janjur Qom]]. Access from outside of the system was blocked by a [[quarantine shield]]. When the [[Librarian]] attempted to index the San'Shyuum during the early stages of Forerunner-Flood war, the San'Shyuum mistook her intentions and rose in revolt against the Forerunners. Master Builder Faber took this opportunity to test Halo's effects on living beings, by testing the weapon on the San'Shyuum homeworld. The test surpassed all expectations. This genocidal act led to the near extinction of the San'Shyuum, as well as Faber's removal from power and his subsequent trial on charges of [[treason]] against the Mantle.{{Citation needed}}


The San'Shyuum homeworld was placed under quarantine with a Forerunner military fortress orbiting the planet. When [[the Librarian]] attempted to index the San'Shyuum during the early stages of [[Forerunner-Flood War]], the San'Shyuum mistook her intentions and rose in revolt against the Forerunners. The [[Faber|Master Builder]] took this opportunity to test Halo's effects on living beings on the San'Shyuum homeworld, which surpassed all expectations. The genocidal act led to the near extinction of the San'Shyuum as a species and Faber's removal from power, and subsequent trial on charges of treason against the [[Mantle]].
===The Didact's Revenge===
In the year [[2557]], during the [[Battle of Requiem]], the [[Ur-Didact|Didact]] was reawakened on the Forerunner [[shield world]] of [[Requiem]] where he intended to finish the destruction of humanity.<ref>'''Halo 4''', campaign level, ''[[Forerunner (level)|Forerunner]]''</ref> While on Requiem, a present-day human, [[SPARTAN-II]] [[John-117]] encountered a personality imprint of [[the Librarian]] who showed John visions of the war and explained the events. The Librarian called the prehistoric human civilization the greatest enemy the Forerunners had ever faced and explained how they had been running from the [[Flood]]. The Librarian warned John that the Didact intended to destroy humanity to end his ancient enemy once and for all. To protect John, the Librarian activated an immunity to the Composer she had placed in the ''[[geas]]'' of humanity when she indexed the species.<ref>'''Halo 4''', campaign level, ''[[Reclaimer (level)|Reclaimer]]''</ref>


==Technology==
The Didact subsequently [[Raid on Ivanoff Station|retrieved]] [[the Composer]] from [[Ivanoff Station]]<ref>'''Halo 4''', campaign level, ''[[Composer (level)|Composer]]''</ref> and attempted to compose the human homeworld of [[Earth]]. In [[New Phoenix Incident|the subsequent conflict]], John managed to destroy both the Composer and the Didact's flagship ''[[Mantle's Approach]]'', foiling his revenge plot, but not before seven million people were composed by the Didact.<ref>'''Halo 4''', campaign level, ''[[Midnight]]''</ref>
===Humans===
Before the war, Humanity had reached Tier 1 technology on the [[Technological Achievement Tiers]] scale similar to those of the Forerunners. When Bornstellar obtained the Didact's memories, he gained insights into Charum Hakkor at the height of its powers. He described the implacable Precursor ruins of Charum Hakkor studded with Human constructs, like ivy growing on great trees: vast cities and energy towers and defense platforms operating at [[geosynchronous orbit]] and equigravitation, little less sophisticated than Forerunner ships and platforms and stations. Finally, he concludes that humans had been a great power, a worthy adversary—technologically.


==List of appearances==
==List of appearances==
*''[[Forerunner Saga]]''
*''[[Halo: Cryptum]]'' {{Fm}}
**''[[Halo: Cryptum]]''  
*''[[Halo: Primordium]]'' {{Mo}}
 
*''[[Halo 4]]'' {{Mo}}
==Notes==
**''[[Terminal (Halo 4)|Terminals]]'' {{1st}}
<references group="note"/>
*''[[Halo: Silentium]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Halo: Escalation]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Halo: Broken Circle]]'' {{Im}}
*''[[Halo Mythos]]''
*''[[Halo: Fractures]]''
**''[[Promises to Keep]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Halo Wars 2]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Halo: Renegades]]'' {{mo}}
*''[[Halo: Point of Light]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Halo Infinite]]'' {{Im}}
*''[[Halo: Epitaph]]''
*''[[Halo: The Machine Breaks]]'' {{Mo}}


==Sources==
==Sources==
<references/>
{{Ref/Sources|2}}
 
==See also==
===Internal===
*[[Humans]]
*[[Forerunners]]
*[[Erde-Tyrene]]


===External===
{{Human wars}}
*[http://www.tor.com/stories/2010/12/excerpt-halo-cryptum-chapter-one-by-greg-bear? '''Tor.com''' — ''Halo: Cryptum'' chapter one excerpt]


{{Humanwars}}
{{Wars}}
[[Category:Wars]]
[[Category:Wars]]
[[Category:The Forerunner]]

Latest revision as of 19:47, September 28, 2024

For the UNSC's conflict with the Didact, see Post-Covenant War conflicts.

Previous:

Forerunner-Precursor war

Next:

Forerunner-Flood war

Human-Forerunner war
H4-Terminal-CharumHakkor-Battle.jpg

Date:

c. 107,445 BCE—106,445 BCE[1]

Location:

Orion Arm of the Milky Way galaxy

Outcome:

Decisive Forerunner victory

  • Humanity's empire dissolved
  • Human civilization dismantled; species biologically regressed
  • Thousands of worlds devastated
  • San'Shyuum home system quarantined
  • Flood strategic retreat from Milky Way galaxy
  • Forerunner military resources exhausted
Details
Belligerents

Forerunner ecumene

Human-San'Shyuum alliance

Flood

Commanders

Didact

Gravemind

Casualties

Heavy

  • Loss of at least 50 star systems[2]

Heavy

  • Loss of at least 1,000 star systems[3]

Heavy

  • All Flood forms and infected worlds
 

"Ten thousand years ago, humans had fought a war against Forerunners — and lost. The centers of human civilization had been dismantled and the humans themselves devolved and shattered into many forms, some said as punishment — but more likely because they were a naturally violent species."
— Bornstellar Makes Eternal Lasting

The human-Forerunner wars,[4][5] also referred to collectively as the Human-Forerunner War,[6] were a series of major interstellar conflicts fought between the human-San'Shyuum alliance and the Forerunner ecumene for over a millennium from around 107,445 BCE to 106,445 BCE across the Orion Arm of the Milky Way galaxy. Stemming from a Flood outbreak in the humans' dominion, the wars resulted in the dismantling of humanity's interstellar empire and in the quarantine of the San'Shyuum species.[7]

The Librarian considered the wars to have been the greatest threat to Forerunner power in their history and believed the conflict weakened the Forerunners enough to allow the Flood to emerge victorious until the firing of the Halos.[8] While humanity's defeat affirmed Forerunner dominance over the entire galaxy, the destruction of a major military power combined with the subsequent political schism within the highest levels of Forerunner society set the stage for the return of the Flood and the disastrous Forerunner-Flood war.

Background[edit]

Origins[edit]

Humanity held less power in the galaxy than the Forerunners, and held the Forerunners' interference in the affairs of other species with contempt. Looking to escape from the Forerunners' dominion, humanity expanded throughout the Orion Arm and eventually built an impressive empire consisting of at least 20,000 worlds in a thousand systems.[3] The Didact had considered humanity to be the second greatest military power in the galaxy and the latest rival to Forerunner influence before the Flood. In their early history, humanity had allied themselves with the also technologically-sophisticated San'Shyuum; this alliance produced technology that easily rivaled that of the Forerunners. As they collected and studied Precursor technology at Charum Hakkor, creating one of the largest collections of Precursor artifacts in the galaxy, humanity's rapid technological achievements made them increasingly arrogant and willing to challenge Forerunner dominance. This, coupled with their belief that they were the true inheritors of the Mantle from the Precursors rather than the Forerunners (which turned out to be true), made them ideological enemies with the Forerunners. The Didact, commander-in-chief of the Forerunner military, saw humanity as one of the most contentious, bigoted, and self-centered species in the galaxy.[9]

During their colonization of other planets, humans discovered automated cargo ships of unknown origin, which had supposedly arrived from the Large Magellanic Cloud, crashed on planets near the edge of the galaxy. The humans found no crew, with the ships appearing to be automated, but they did find millions of small transparent cylinders filled with an unknown powder. Initial testing was done in the strictest containment. These early tests showed the powder to be harmless and useless, being composed of lifeless short-chain organic molecules. Early experiments demonstrated psychotropic effects on some smaller domesticated animals, one of which being the Pheru. The powder tests on the Pheru proved to be initially harmless, and indeed appeared to encourage desirable traits to appear in their appearance and behavior. However, over time the powder began merging with and altering the genome of the Pheru in order to generate its own Flood Super Cells. Soon, the infected Pheru began to infect others and even began showing some symptoms of the Flood mutation, such as fleshy tentacle-like rods. Close contact with the Pheru spread the infection to humanity. Some San'Shyuum were also infected as the Pheru were also kept as pets on the San'Shyuum worlds. Eventually the Flood began to spread, and the Feral Stage was initiated.

War[edit]

A human ship prepares to cleanse an infested planet by orbital bombardment.

"Humanity hadn't been expanding. They were running."
— The Librarian[8]

By the time the human officials discovered what the powder had done, it was too late. Entire planets were infected, and the Flood began to aggressively expand. Humans, in desperation, began forcefully taking worlds from other species to make up for the ones they had lost. Humanity annihilated fifty defenseless systems in which the Forerunners had resettled other species. After the indigenous populations were eliminated, humanity replaced them with their own colonies to strengthen their hold over their new territories. Humanity looked to forcibly take new worlds anywhere, including those inhabited by Forerunners.[10] However, not all of this seemingly irrational violence was driven by the will to expand; instead, human fleets under the command of Forthencho, Lord of Admirals were sterilizing planets with Flood infestations. When Forerunner worlds became infected, they were immediately targeted for orbital bombardment, killing millions of Forerunners in the process. As the Forerunners apparently did not believe the Flood a credible threat to their ecumene, these actions only fueled their hatred towards perceived human aggression against other species.[11]

Erda, humanity's homeworld, was one of the earliest worlds lost to the Forerunners, a tremendous blow to humanity's morale.[12] Over the course of the millennium-long conflict, humanity never came closer than 15,000 light-years of the Orion complex, the center of Forerunner power.[13] The Didact came up with a "star-hopping" plan, wherein Forerunner fleets would jump to strategically important human worlds and simply skip other less important human star systems, allowing the Forerunners to conserve their resources and fight efficiently.[14]

40 years before humanity's last conflict with the Forerunners, an ancient being known as the Primordial was discovered by a human science expedition.[15] Human researchers brought the creature to Charum Hakkor and attempted to ask the creature about the Flood. They received answers so traumatizing many of them committed suicide rather than live with the knowledge.[16] As a last desperate measure, humanity's leaders decided to take a third of their population and genetically altered them. They then took this third of the human population and allowed the Flood to consume them. The new genes, it was believed, aggressively killed off Flood biomatter and destroyed the Flood until the few that survived were forced to escape. They would not reappear for another 9,000 years. In truth, however, the Flood had not been defeated, and the genetic alterations had not been effective at combating the parasite. Rather, the Flood willingly retreated, though the reasons why they did so would not become apparent until thousands of years later.[10]

A human warrior falls in battle.

The conflict with the Flood destroyed countless human-populated systems and cost more than a third of humanity's population and significant military resources. Despite the disadvantage of fighting a massive two-front war, humanity managed to prevail over the Flood and still nearly prevailed over the Forerunners as well. However, the Flood had taken their toll and, in their defeat, sounded the death knell of early human civilization at the hands of the Didact. While human forces were capable of dealing with the Forerunners on equal footing, the total forces they could commit were never enough to ensure victory. After the Flood began to recede from the galaxy, humans could allocate more of their military strength against the Forerunners, but the Didact's Warriors had already gained the strategic upper hand while humanity battled the parasite.[17]

While dying out, the Flood still maintained control over thousands of worlds across the galactic margin. The Forerunner Warrior-Servants under the Didact's leadership came into contact with the parasite at this time, resulting in the infection of hundreds of their battle fleets. However, once they understood the threat of the Flood posed, they adopted a policy of total extermination and were able to defeat the parasite via sheer firepower. From the few scattered specimens retained for analysis, the Forerunners first learned of the Flood's logic plague, which had corrupted the onboard ancillas on the infested fleets.[17]

Human ships destroyed above Charum Hakkor.

Preceding the final conflict in the wars, humanity made great advances in military and science technology on par with those of the Forerunners, thanks to the efforts of humanity's Political and Morale Commander Yprin Yprikushma, who encouraged humans to study Forerunner technologies from humanity's earlier conflicts with Forerunners.[12] At the same time, the Forerunner Builder rate engineered numerous new weapons and vessels for the war effort, increasing their wealth and power by a tremendous degree.[17]

Standoff at Charum Hakkor[edit]

Main article: Siege of Charum Hakkor

The human military was eventually pushed back to Charum Hakkor and a few other core systems by the Didact's Warrior-Servants. Human forces continually lost star system after system. Eventually, Charum Hakkor was cut off from the rest of the empire by the Didact's naval fleets. The Forerunners took advantage of their mastery over Slipspace greatly and strategically by cutting off reinforcements and supplies as well as isolating the fortified systems of the human empire. On Charum Hakkor, humanity incorporated Precursor technology into their own designs, constructing formidable fortifications capable of standing up to even the strongest fleets. Among them were unbending filaments that linked their orbital platforms' defenses. Despite having the combined Forerunner military at his disposal, it took great effort from the Didact to defeat the human resistance and capture the capital. Among the Forerunner casualties were all the Didact's children.[18]

Although cut off and unable to receive reinforcements from neither the San'Shyuum nor other human systems, the humans held off continuous attacks for 53 years. The San 'Shyuum leadership surrendered to the Forerunners at some point during this time, leaving their human allies and the remaining San'Shyuum on Charum Hakkor stranded. The Forerunners offered San 'Shyuum a secret deal to soften their punishment by stripping them of many technologies before reducing and quarantining the population of San 'Shyuum to their home system in exchange for the knowledge and access to the security of Charum Hakkor's defenses. This allowed the Forerunners to breach the impregnable security and land on the planet. The siege might have lasted far longer, even indefinitely, if not for the betrayal of San 'Shyuum. The ground war lasted three years.

When the planet finally fell, a significant number of humans and San 'Shyuum committed suicide rather than being taken prisoner. With the planet's fall, whatever remained of the human empire eventually fell to the enemy forces in the coming years as an effortless mop up.[18]

Aftermath[edit]

Humanity[edit]

The defeat was disastrous for both humanity and the San'Shyuum. The victorious Forerunners decided to dismantle human civilization, causing the species to regress to a pre-technological state.[7] Remnants of the human species were gathered from across the galaxy by the Forerunners and their subject species,[19] to be exiled to their homeworld and forced through a process of biological devolution.[17]

Due to the Flood's sudden retreat in the final stages of the war, the Forerunner leadership had come to believe that humanity had found a cure for the parasite.[10] This achievement spared humanity from extinction, a fate that had fallen on many species that challenged Forerunner control over the ages. Although herself skeptical of the existence of a cure, the Librarian appealed to the Ecumene Council so that humanity would be spared, as only with humanity's culture and civilization-wide exchange intact the Forerunners could hope to unlock the cure to the Flood. The Council agreed, but only in part: as opposed to maintaining the humans in their organic forms, numerous humans on Charum Hakkor had their minds extracted via Composers and subsequently cycled through a rate of interrogation for thousands of years. Copies of these memories were also implanted by the Librarian in the genetic material of future human generations, designed to awaken when the right circumstances were met as part of her own plans.[20] However, the Librarian and her Lifeworkers remained highly skeptical of whether a cure really existed. Their projections showed that the Flood should have been able to completely overrun the galaxy in several centuries, and suspected that there was something else at play with regard to the Flood's retreat.[17] It was later discovered that not only had humanity not found a cure for the Flood, but that the Flood's retreat had been a feint, undertaken both for the purpose of preserving humanity from destruction at the Forerunners' hands, and for the purpose of wasting Forerunner time and resources on a dead-end hunt for a Flood cure that had never existed.

Forerunners[edit]

The threat of the Flood would lead to the rise of the corrupt Builders led by Master Builder Faber and eventually the banishment and execution of the Promethean leadership and the marginalization of the Warrior-Servant rate. Once humanity was defeated, the tragedies of the war convinced the Didact and his fellow Prometheans that using the Halo Array, like the destruction of humanity, would violate the Mantle. The Prometheans opposed and successfully forestalled the construction of the Halos for thousands of years, until their defeat by the Builders.

While opposed to the complete destruction of humanity advocated by the Council,[17] the Didact blamed humanity for taking the Mantle of Responsibility upon themselves, believing it was their reckless actions that brought the sickness into the galaxy.[11] In truth, the Forerunners had even less success in battling the Flood than their human rivals. The Mantle, holding that all life was sacred, hamstrung Forerunner attempts to combat the infection, allowing the parasite to exponentially expand until no force could stop it. The Didact later regretted the devolution of humanity, as he had been unaware that the Flood was the reason for humanity's earlier aggression.[21]

San'Shyuum[edit]

The San'Shyuum home system was placed under quarantine, with the Forerunner Fortress-class vessel Deep Reverence orbiting the species' homeworld, Janjur Qom. Access from outside of the system was blocked by a quarantine shield. When the Librarian attempted to index the San'Shyuum during the early stages of Forerunner-Flood war, the San'Shyuum mistook her intentions and rose in revolt against the Forerunners. Master Builder Faber took this opportunity to test Halo's effects on living beings, by testing the weapon on the San'Shyuum homeworld. The test surpassed all expectations. This genocidal act led to the near extinction of the San'Shyuum, as well as Faber's removal from power and his subsequent trial on charges of treason against the Mantle.[citation needed]

The Didact's Revenge[edit]

In the year 2557, during the Battle of Requiem, the Didact was reawakened on the Forerunner shield world of Requiem where he intended to finish the destruction of humanity.[22] While on Requiem, a present-day human, SPARTAN-II John-117 encountered a personality imprint of the Librarian who showed John visions of the war and explained the events. The Librarian called the prehistoric human civilization the greatest enemy the Forerunners had ever faced and explained how they had been running from the Flood. The Librarian warned John that the Didact intended to destroy humanity to end his ancient enemy once and for all. To protect John, the Librarian activated an immunity to the Composer she had placed in the geas of humanity when she indexed the species.[23]

The Didact subsequently retrieved the Composer from Ivanoff Station[24] and attempted to compose the human homeworld of Earth. In the subsequent conflict, John managed to destroy both the Composer and the Didact's flagship Mantle's Approach, foiling his revenge plot, but not before seven million people were composed by the Didact.[25]

List of appearances[edit]

Sources[edit]

  1. ^ Halo: Cryptum, page 131
  2. ^ Halo: Cryptum, page 130
  3. ^ a b Halo: Primordium, page 129
  4. ^ Halo: Cryptum, pages 45, 47
  5. ^ Halo: Primordium, pages 236, 375
  6. ^ The Halo Bulletin - 6.20.12
  7. ^ a b Halo: Cryptum, page 45
  8. ^ a b Halo 4, campaign level Reclaimer
  9. ^ Halo: Cryptum, page 112-113
  10. ^ a b c Halo: Cryptum, page 270-272
  11. ^ a b Halo 4, Terminals
  12. ^ a b Halo: Primordium, pages 237-238
  13. ^ Halo: Primordium, page 308
  14. ^ Halo: Primordium, page 187-188
  15. ^ Halo: Primordium, page 236-238
  16. ^ Halo: Cryptum, page 268-271
  17. ^ a b c d e f Halo: Silentium, pages 34-39
  18. ^ a b Halo: Cryptum, page 138
  19. ^ Halo: Primordium, page 156
  20. ^ Halo: Primordium, pages 234-235
  21. ^ Halo: Cryptum, pages 238-239
  22. ^ Halo 4, campaign level, Forerunner
  23. ^ Halo 4, campaign level, Reclaimer
  24. ^ Halo 4, campaign level, Composer
  25. ^ Halo 4, campaign level, Midnight

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Wars in human history
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