Gameplay

Zanzibar: Difference between revisions

From Halopedia, the Halo wiki

m (Text replacement - "<ref name="([^"=>]+)" ?\/>" to "{{Ref/Reuse|$1}}")
m (Reverted edits by 172.114.196.164 (talk) to last revision by 76.90.146.219)
Tags: Rollback Mobile edit Advanced mobile edit
 
(29 intermediate revisions by 13 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Era|RW}}
{{Status|Gameplay}}
{{Center|''Do you want to read about the island, [[Zanzibar Island|Zanzibar]]?''}}
{{Disambig header|the Halo 2 multiplayer map|the island|Zanzibar Island}}
{{Multiplayer map infobox
{{Multiplayer map infobox
|name=Zanzibar
|name=Zanzibar
|image=[[File:H2 Zanzibar.jpg|300px]]
|image=[[File:HTMCC_H2_Zanzibar.png|360px]]
|game=''[[Halo 2]]''
|game=''[[Halo 2]]''
|map=War Games Map_Set/: 680-4<ref name="HU">[https://www.halowaypoint.com/en-us/universe/locations/earth '''Halo Waypoint''': ''Earth'']</ref>
|devname=<code>zanzibar</code>{{Ref/File|Id=H2EK|H2EK|H2EK\tags\scenarios\multi\zanzibar\zanzibar.scenario}}
|map=War Games Map_Set/: 680-4{{Ref/Site|Id=HU|URL=https://www.halowaypoint.com/en-us/universe/locations/earth|Site=Halo Waypoint|Page=Universe - Locations - Earth|D=1|M=11|Y=2021}}
|location=[[Wind Power Station 7]], [[Zanzibar Island]], [[Earth]]
|location=[[Wind Power Station 7]], [[Zanzibar Island]], [[Earth]]
|terrain=Beach fortress
|terrain=Beach fortress
|symmetry=
|symmetry=Asymmetrical
|playernumber=2-16
|playernumber=2-16
|gametypes=*[[Slayer]]
|gametypes=*[[Team Slayer]]
*[[1 Flag CTF]]
*[[1 Flag CTF]]
*[[Assault]]  
*[[Assault|Single Bomb]]  
*[[Territories]]
*[[Territories]]
|pagegamelabel=H2
|pagegamelabel=H2
Line 18: Line 19:
{{Article quote|Wind Power Station 7 sits as a mute reminder of the [[East African Protectorate|EAP]]'s late 25th-century attempt at re-nationalization.}}
{{Article quote|Wind Power Station 7 sits as a mute reminder of the [[East African Protectorate|EAP]]'s late 25th-century attempt at re-nationalization.}}


'''Zanzibar''' is a [[multiplayer]] [[map]] in ''[[Halo 2]]''. It was remade as [[Last Resort]] for ''[[Halo 3]]'' and as [[Stonetown]] in ''[[Halo 2: Anniversary]]''.
'''Zanzibar''' is a [[multiplayer]] [[map]] in ''[[Halo 2]]''.


==Setting==
==Universe and lore==
{{Main|Wind Power Station 7}}
{{Main|Wind Power Station 7}}
Zanzibar is one of many wind power stations built on [[Zanzibar Island]]. In the late [[2400]]’s the [[East African Protectorate]] launched an alternative energy campaign as part of its renationalization initiative. One prominent location was Zanzibar Island, which housed several wind and wave power stations. Wind Power Station 7 was decommissioned early in the 26th century and extensively utilized for classified military training exercises. Detailed records of Station 7 and scans of [[Last Resort|similar]] [[Stonetown|sites]] would later contribute to a number of notable [[War Games]] map sets.{{Ref/Reuse|HU}}
Zanzibar is one of many wind power stations built on [[Zanzibar Island]]. In the late [[2400]]’s the [[East African Protectorate]] launched an alternative energy campaign as part of its renationalization initiative. One prominent location was Zanzibar Island, which housed several wind and wave power stations. Wind Power Station 7 was decommissioned early in the 26th century and extensively utilized for classified military training exercises. Detailed records of Station 7 and scans of [[Last Resort|similar]] [[Stonetown|sites]] would later contribute to a number of notable [[War Games]] map sets.{{Ref/Reuse|HU}}


==Design==
==Overview==
[[File:H2_Zanzibar_Beach.png|thumb|300px|The beach on the map.]]
===Layout===
[[File:H2 Zanzibar Beach.png|thumb|200px|The beach on the map.]]
Zanzibar consists of a large base with an operable gate, controlled by a switch which either team can open, but not close. The gate is a main part of objective based games, as a [[M12 Warthog|Warthog]] or other vehicles can be driven through the open gate directly into the base.
Zanzibar consists of a large base with an operable gate, controlled by a switch which either team can open, but not close. The gate is a main part of objective based games, as a [[M12 Warthog|Warthog]] or other vehicles can be driven through the open gate directly into the base.


Line 32: Line 34:
One of the unique aspects of Zanzibar is that it supports every type of combat very well. It is good for close-quarters, mid-range, and sniping, along with melee battles, grenade battles, defensive strategy, offensive strategy, vehicular combat, and almost everything else except for aerial combat.
One of the unique aspects of Zanzibar is that it supports every type of combat very well. It is good for close-quarters, mid-range, and sniping, along with melee battles, grenade battles, defensive strategy, offensive strategy, vehicular combat, and almost everything else except for aerial combat.


=== Territories ===
Naturally, the Gauss Warthog and Ghost spawn on the beach, and the [[M12 Chaingun Warthog|Chain Warthog]] and the other Ghost spawn near the base. In [[Flag]] and [[Assault]] game variants, there are no Chain Warthogs, and both Ghosts generate on the beach with the Gauss Warthog.
 
<gallery>
File:HMCC Zanzibar.PNG|Map of Zanzibar in ''[[Halo: The Master Chief Collection]]''.
</gallery>
====The Wheel====
[[File:H2 Zanzibar Wheel.png|thumb|200px|The wind turbine.]]
The wheel is a large and distinctive feature of Zanzibar. There is a bridge that leads to the wheel on the top of ''the flag room''. The center of the wheel contains the [[Type-1 energy sword|energy sword]] and the [[M41 SPNKR|rocket launcher]] is located on the bridge. It can be reached in three ways. The first is by jumping across from the defensive base onto a platform. The second way up is by climbing a ramp and destroying a pin that lowers a different bridge to the center of the wheel (it is quite noisy though and it will give away your position). The riskiest way is by 'riding' one of the spokes of the wheel up to the top. However, this makes you an easy target and has the risk of you falling off. Once there you can get the sword by dropping into a niche in the very center of the wheel. By slipping into one of the slots in the wheel and riding till you make it to the sword. Or you could lob a grenade and pick up the sword after it has gone flying.
 
====The Base Room====
[[File:H2 Zanzibar Base.png|thumb|200px|The interior of the base.]]
The Base Room is located at the end of the map. There's a gate on the right side that can only be opened by activating the Panel on the second floor of the Base Room. There are breakable windows and shutters that can close. The bridge leading to the Wheel isn't connected to the base room bridge because there's a gap between the two. To get from one Bridge to the other you have to jump. Sometimes you may not make it or land on the edge of the other bridge. But, if you do make it there will be a rocket launcher calling your name ahead of you.
 
====Territories====
*Control Tower
*Control Tower
*Camp Froman
*Camp Froman
Line 39: Line 54:
*Gate
*Gate


=== Vehicle spawning ===
===Strategy===
*One Warthog
*One [[M12G1 Gauss Warthog|Gauss Warthog]]
*Two [[Type-32 Ghost|Ghosts]]
*One [[M808B Scorpion|Scorpion]] tank or [[Type-26 Wraith|Wraith]]
*One or two [[Type-46 Spectre|Spectres]] (custom game type)
 
Naturally, the Gauss Warthog and Ghost spawn on the beach, and the [[M12 Chaingun Warthog|Chain Warthog]] and the other Ghost spawn near the base. In [[Flag]] and [[Assault]] game variants, there are no Chain Warthogs, and both Ghosts generate on the beach with the Gauss Warthog.
 
===The Wheel===
[[File:H2_Zanzibar_Wheel.png|thumb|300px|The wind turbine.]]
The wheel is a large and distinctive feature of Zanzibar. There is a bridge that leads to the wheel on the top of ''the flag room''. The center of the wheel contains the [[Type-1 energy sword|energy sword]] and the [[M41 SPNKR|rocket launcher]] is located on the bridge. It can be reached in three ways. The first is by jumping across from the defensive base onto a platform. The second way up is by climbing a ramp and destroying a pin that lowers a different bridge to the center of the wheel (it is quite noisy though and it will give away your position). The riskiest way is by 'riding' one of the spokes of the wheel up to the top. However, this makes you an easy target and has the risk of you falling off. Once there you can get the sword by dropping into a niche in the very center of the wheel. By slipping into one of the slots in the wheel and riding till you make it to the sword. Or you could lob a grenade and pick up the sword after it has gone flying.
 
===The Base Room===
[[File:H2_Zanzibar_Base.png|thumb|300px|The interior of the base.]]
The Base Room is located at the end of the map. There's a gate on the right side that can only be opened by activating the Panel on the second floor of the Base Room. There are breakable windows and shutters that can close. The bridge leading to the Wheel isn't connected to the base room bridge because there's a gap between the two. To get from one Bridge to the other you have to jump. Sometimes you may not make it or land on the edge of the other bridge. But, if you do make it there will be a rocket launcher calling your name ahead of you.
 
== Tactics ==
*A good way to quickly get the sword and to keep it out of reach of your enemies is to go below the wheel and lob a grenade into the little niche. It will explode, launching the sword out of its hiding place. A better method (because grenades have the irritating habit of bouncing back out of the niche), is to find a rocket launcher and fire a rocket into the niche directly at the sword. This has the pleasing effect of catapulting the sword out of the niche to land nearby where you can easily grab it.
*A good way to quickly get the sword and to keep it out of reach of your enemies is to go below the wheel and lob a grenade into the little niche. It will explode, launching the sword out of its hiding place. A better method (because grenades have the irritating habit of bouncing back out of the niche), is to find a rocket launcher and fire a rocket into the niche directly at the sword. This has the pleasing effect of catapulting the sword out of the niche to land nearby where you can easily grab it.
*A good way to get on top of the building, without using a super jump, is to set your juggernaut to move fast, go to the top of the inside ring of the wheel, onto the platform that touches the upper part of the ring, then from there jump onto the doorway thing with no walls around it, and finally jump onto the roof of the building. It is recommended to bring a rocket launcher, a sniper, and setting the game so that the juggernaut has an overshield and infinite ammo.
*A good way to get on top of the building, without using a super jump, is to set your juggernaut to move fast, go to the top of the inside ring of the wheel, onto the platform that touches the upper part of the ring, then from there jump onto the doorway thing with no walls around it, and finally jump onto the roof of the building. It is recommended to bring a rocket launcher, a sniper, and setting the game so that the juggernaut has an overshield and infinite ammo.
*Standing next to the wheel with the ramp down, you can safely keep your position with a rocket launcher, a [[M90 shotgun|shotgun]], both types of grenades and an [[overshield]].
*Standing next to the wheel with the ramp down, you can safely keep your position with a rocket launcher, a [[M90 shotgun|shotgun]], both types of grenades and an [[overshield]].


== Trivia ==
==Remakes==
Zanzibar has been officially remade twice; as [[Last Resort]] in ''[[Halo 3]]'' and as [[Stonetown]] in ''[[Halo 2: Anniversary]]''. Last Resort, under the name Refuge, would also see use in the cut title ''[[Halo Online]]''.
 
==Production notes==
[[File:H2 E3 2004 Ghosts.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Zanzibar as seen from the E3 2004 press kit.]]
At [[E3 2004]], Zanzibar was the first map disclosed to the community in ''Halo 2'' to be [[Halo 2 E3 Multiplayer Demo|revealed]] to the public, prior to its worldwide release.
{{clear}}
==Trivia==
===Miscellaneous===
===Miscellaneous===
*At [[E3 2004]], Zanzibar was the first map disclosed to the community in ''Halo 2'' to be [[Halo 2 E3 Multiplayer Demo|revealed]] to the public, prior to its worldwide release.
*The sign "Camp Froman" is a reference to [[Luke Timmins]], who practiced [[camping]] there.{{Citation needed}}
*The sign "Camp Froman" is a reference to [[Luke Timmins]], who practiced [[camping]] there.
*Zanzibar is set on the actual island of [[Zanzibar Island|Zanzibar]], an island off the coast of Tanzania, a country in [[Africa]], not too far from present day [[Mombasa]] and the futuristic [[New Mombasa]] in the ''[[Halo (disambiguation)|Halo]]'' games.
*This level appears in Season 3, 4 and a brief appearance in Season 5 in ''[[Red vs Blue]]'' and the remake Last Resort appears in Reconstruction.
*This level appears in Season 3, 4 and a brief appearance in Season 5 in ''[[Red vs Blue]]'' and the remake Last Resort appears in Reconstruction.
*If you go to the large rock outside the gate on Zanzibar, face it with your back towards the beach and the big wheel, you can see a strange image of what looks to be a creature with a big nose on the rock. Below it is the face of a man wearing glasses. There is also an image of what looks like a UFO on the side of the wall right behind the rock mentioned above. To some it may look like an obscure snake head.
*If you go to the large rock outside the gate on Zanzibar, face it with your back towards the beach and the big wheel, you can see a strange image of what looks to be a creature with a big nose on the rock. Below it is the face of a man wearing glasses. There is also an image of what looks like a UFO on the side of the wall right behind the rock mentioned above. To some it may look like an obscure snake head.
*The four pillars inside the main building cannot be completely destroyed, but the outer concrete can, adding to the degree of battle damage possible in Zanzibar.
*The four pillars inside the main building cannot be completely destroyed, but the outer concrete can, adding to the degree of battle damage possible in Zanzibar.
*A vehicle placed on the platform will cause the latter to play the noise of it folding down until the vehicle comes to a rest.


===Easter Eggs===
===Easter eggs===
{{Main|Zanzibar Easter eggs}}
{{Main|Zanzibar Easter eggs}}
'''Screeching noise'''
*If you get the Scorpion on top of the bridge leading to the windmill, it will lower the bridge down, and you will hear a screeching sound. As long as you have the Scorpion on the bridge, the sound will never go away.


'''Grunt's Head'''
'''Grunt's Head'''
Line 82: Line 84:


'''Gate Message'''
'''Gate Message'''
*Open the gate from the switch inside the defending base and zoom in on it afterward. This screen also appears on the ''Halo 3'' computers seen in most multiplayer levels. The "Blue Screen of Death" from Windows computers will show up with a message:
*If the gate is opened using the computer inside of the defending base, a parody of the Windows "Blue Screen of Death" can be seen on the monitor with the message:  
<pre>
<pre>
  A total FU exception has occurred at your location.  
  A total FU exception has occurred at your location.  
Line 92: Line 94:
  Press any key to continue_
  Press any key to continue_
</pre>
</pre>
*This screen also appears on some computers in [[Halo 3]].


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
{{Linkbox|gallery=yes}}
===Concept art===
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:HMCC Zanzibar.PNG|Map of Zanzibar in ''[[Halo: The Master Chief Collection]]''.
File:H2_Zanzibar_Layout.jpg|Initial layout drawing of Zanzibar.
File:H2_Zanzibar_Layout.jpg|Initial layout drawing of Zanzibar.
</gallery>
===Screenshots===
<gallery>
File:H2 Zanzibar Wall.png|The sea wall.
File:H2 Zanzibar Wall.png|The sea wall.
File:H2_Zanzibar_BaseExterior.png|The exterior of the base.
File:H2_Zanzibar_BaseExterior.png|The exterior of the base.
File:H2_Zanzibar_CampFroman.png|Camp Froman.
File:H2_Zanzibar_CampFroman.png|Camp Froman.
File:H2 Zanzibar Overview.png|An overview of the courtyard area.
File:H2 Zanzibar Overview.png|The courtyard area.
File:H2 e304 eliteoverlook.jpg|A [[Sangheili]] player holding an [[Energy Sword]] overlooking a battle on the beach area.
File:H2 e304 eliteoverlook.jpg|An [[Elite (multiplayer)|Elite]] player holding an [[Energy Sword]] overlooking a battle on the beach area.
File:H2MP Beta ZanzibarIncoming.jpg|A [[Sangheili]] player escaping from a exploding [[Warthog]] with the blue team's flag.
File:H2 e304 eliteboarding.jpg|An Elite player boarding another player's [[Ghost]].
File:H2 e304 eliteboarding.jpg|A player boarding another player's [[Ghost]].
File:H2 E3 2004 Sword.jpg|Elites fighting a [[Spartan (multiplayer)|Spartan]].
File:H2 E3 2004 Warthog.jpg|A vehicular battle near the wheel.
File:H2 E3 2004 Gate.jpg|An infantry battle near the gate.
File:H2 E3 2004 Flag.jpg|A battle over red team's flag.
File:H2 e304 eliteexplode.jpg|An explosion near the wheel sends an Elite's body flying.
File:H2 e304 turretattack.jpg|A Spartan firing the M247 GPMG.
File:H2MP Beta ZanzibarIncoming.jpg|An Elite player escaping from a exploding [[Warthog]] with the blue team's flag.
File:H2MP Beta ZanzibarElite.jpg|A battle near the rocks.
</gallery>
</gallery>


== Sources ==
== Sources ==
{{Ref/Sources}}
{{Ref/Sources}}
{{Levels|H2|mode=yes}}
{{Levels|H2|mode=yes}}

Latest revision as of 14:11, November 13, 2024

This article is about the Halo 2 multiplayer map. For the island, see Zanzibar Island.
Zanzibar
A screenshot of the Halo 2 map Zanzibar, taken in Halo: The Master Chief Collection.
Map overview

Game:

Halo 2

Map file name (?):

zanzibar[1]

Lore information

Map designation (?):

War Games Map_Set/: 680-4[2]

Location:

Wind Power Station 7, Zanzibar Island, Earth

Gameplay overview

Terrain:

Beach fortress

Map layout:

Asymmetrical

Recommended number of players:

2-16

Recommended gametype(s):

 
Wind Power Station 7 sits as a mute reminder of the EAP's late 25th-century attempt at re-nationalization.

Zanzibar is a multiplayer map in Halo 2.

Universe and lore[edit]

Main article: Wind Power Station 7

Zanzibar is one of many wind power stations built on Zanzibar Island. In the late 2400’s the East African Protectorate launched an alternative energy campaign as part of its renationalization initiative. One prominent location was Zanzibar Island, which housed several wind and wave power stations. Wind Power Station 7 was decommissioned early in the 26th century and extensively utilized for classified military training exercises. Detailed records of Station 7 and scans of similar sites would later contribute to a number of notable War Games map sets.[2]

Overview[edit]

Layout[edit]

The beach on the map.

Zanzibar consists of a large base with an operable gate, controlled by a switch which either team can open, but not close. The gate is a main part of objective based games, as a Warthog or other vehicles can be driven through the open gate directly into the base.

Zanzibar is also host to one of the most destructive and interactive areas in Halo 2 multiplayer. The Base that houses the generator sub-systems has two shutter windows to the left of the building, the supports to which can be shot off or hit off with a melee attack and used to prevent fire from entering the second level of the base from the outside. The concrete blocks next to the two forward firing machine guns can be blown off,and the large pillars on the first floor of the base next to the flag spawn can be chipped away by gunfire as well. The windows can be blown out. Also, a couple of the trees on the beach a total of three coconuts can be knocked down and played with.

One of the unique aspects of Zanzibar is that it supports every type of combat very well. It is good for close-quarters, mid-range, and sniping, along with melee battles, grenade battles, defensive strategy, offensive strategy, vehicular combat, and almost everything else except for aerial combat.

Naturally, the Gauss Warthog and Ghost spawn on the beach, and the Chain Warthog and the other Ghost spawn near the base. In Flag and Assault game variants, there are no Chain Warthogs, and both Ghosts generate on the beach with the Gauss Warthog.

The Wheel[edit]

The wind turbine.

The wheel is a large and distinctive feature of Zanzibar. There is a bridge that leads to the wheel on the top of the flag room. The center of the wheel contains the energy sword and the rocket launcher is located on the bridge. It can be reached in three ways. The first is by jumping across from the defensive base onto a platform. The second way up is by climbing a ramp and destroying a pin that lowers a different bridge to the center of the wheel (it is quite noisy though and it will give away your position). The riskiest way is by 'riding' one of the spokes of the wheel up to the top. However, this makes you an easy target and has the risk of you falling off. Once there you can get the sword by dropping into a niche in the very center of the wheel. By slipping into one of the slots in the wheel and riding till you make it to the sword. Or you could lob a grenade and pick up the sword after it has gone flying.

The Base Room[edit]

The interior of the base.

The Base Room is located at the end of the map. There's a gate on the right side that can only be opened by activating the Panel on the second floor of the Base Room. There are breakable windows and shutters that can close. The bridge leading to the Wheel isn't connected to the base room bridge because there's a gap between the two. To get from one Bridge to the other you have to jump. Sometimes you may not make it or land on the edge of the other bridge. But, if you do make it there will be a rocket launcher calling your name ahead of you.

Territories[edit]

  • Control Tower
  • Camp Froman
  • Base
  • Sea Wall
  • Gate

Strategy[edit]

  • A good way to quickly get the sword and to keep it out of reach of your enemies is to go below the wheel and lob a grenade into the little niche. It will explode, launching the sword out of its hiding place. A better method (because grenades have the irritating habit of bouncing back out of the niche), is to find a rocket launcher and fire a rocket into the niche directly at the sword. This has the pleasing effect of catapulting the sword out of the niche to land nearby where you can easily grab it.
  • A good way to get on top of the building, without using a super jump, is to set your juggernaut to move fast, go to the top of the inside ring of the wheel, onto the platform that touches the upper part of the ring, then from there jump onto the doorway thing with no walls around it, and finally jump onto the roof of the building. It is recommended to bring a rocket launcher, a sniper, and setting the game so that the juggernaut has an overshield and infinite ammo.
  • Standing next to the wheel with the ramp down, you can safely keep your position with a rocket launcher, a shotgun, both types of grenades and an overshield.

Remakes[edit]

Zanzibar has been officially remade twice; as Last Resort in Halo 3 and as Stonetown in Halo 2: Anniversary. Last Resort, under the name Refuge, would also see use in the cut title Halo Online.

Production notes[edit]

Promotional image for an in-development build of Halo 2 featuring a battle between an M12G1 Gauss Warthog and two Karo'etba-pattern Ghosts. Screenshot from the E3 2004 press kit.
Zanzibar as seen from the E3 2004 press kit.

At E3 2004, Zanzibar was the first map disclosed to the community in Halo 2 to be revealed to the public, prior to its worldwide release.

Trivia[edit]

Miscellaneous[edit]

  • The sign "Camp Froman" is a reference to Luke Timmins, who practiced camping there.[citation needed]
  • This level appears in Season 3, 4 and a brief appearance in Season 5 in Red vs Blue and the remake Last Resort appears in Reconstruction.
  • If you go to the large rock outside the gate on Zanzibar, face it with your back towards the beach and the big wheel, you can see a strange image of what looks to be a creature with a big nose on the rock. Below it is the face of a man wearing glasses. There is also an image of what looks like a UFO on the side of the wall right behind the rock mentioned above. To some it may look like an obscure snake head.
  • The four pillars inside the main building cannot be completely destroyed, but the outer concrete can, adding to the degree of battle damage possible in Zanzibar.
  • A vehicle placed on the platform will cause the latter to play the noise of it folding down until the vehicle comes to a rest.

Easter eggs[edit]

Main article: Zanzibar Easter eggs

Grunt's Head

  • On the gate in the main building in Zanzibar, if you look at the side of the gate that's on the outside, in the middle you will see a faint picture of a Grunt's head.

Lingling's Head

  • On the gate in the main building of Zanzibar, if you look at the side of the gate that's on the inside of the building, you will see a faint picture of a dog's head. This is supposed to be connected to the sign at the beach that reads "Are you finding Lingling's head?"

Gate Message

  • If the gate is opened using the computer inside of the defending base, a parody of the Windows "Blue Screen of Death" can be seen on the monitor with the message:
 A total FU exception has occurred at your location. 
 All system functionality will be terminated. 
 *Press any key to power cycle the system. 
 If system does not restart; scream at top of lungs and pound on keypad. 
 *If you need to talk to a programmer press any other key

 Press any key to continue_
  • This screen also appears on some computers in Halo 3.

Gallery[edit]

Concept art[edit]

Screenshots[edit]

Sources[edit]

  1. ^ Halo 2 Editing Kit, game file H2EK\tags\scenarios\multi\zanzibar\zanzibar.scenario
  2. ^ a b Halo Waypoint, Universe - Locations - Earth (Retrieved on Nov 1, 2021) [archive]