Halopedia

Sangheili (language)/Silver: Difference between revisions

Article Discussion

Sangheili (language)/Silver (edit)

Revision as of 23:25, November 20, 2024

17,041 bytes removed ,  7 hours ago
no edit summary
mNo edit summary
No edit summary
 
(47 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Status|RealWorld}}
{{Status|RealWorld}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=bnJ0Y4So_Cc|width=400|right}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=bnJ0Y4So_Cc|width=400|right}}
'''Sangheili''' is a constructed language created for the ''[[Halo: The Television Series]]'' co-created by linguists [[Wikipedia:David J. Peterson|David J. Peterson]], creator of the Dothraki and Valyrian languages used in ''Game of Thrones'' and Chakobsa language in ''Dune'' (''Parts 1 & 2''){{Ref/Twitter|k_wolfkill|1507493397807788032|Kiki Wolfkill|Quote=@CharlieBMurphy literally learned an entire new language and performed beautifully in that language.  Unreal. Language created by David Peterson who created Dothraki for GoT #HaloWatchParty|D=25|M=03|Y=2022}}, and Carl Buck.{{Ref/Twitter|tlacamazatl|1506947170490060800|C. Buck|Quote=If you have #ParamountPlus, are a fan of #HaloSeries , and enjoy a good #conlang. You might be interested to know that I helped @Dedalvs develop the language for the Covenant.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}} Both conlangers began jointly developing the Sangheili language nearly three years prior to the series premiere.<ref>[https://archiveofourown.org/series/2828287 Archive of Our Own -  Conlang Dialogue: Halo (Paramount+)]</ref> By early [[2022]], Carl Buck estimated they had crafted close to 250 Sangheili words, those being base words and not variations of verbs and nouns. Actress [[Wikipedia:Charlie Murphy (actress)|Charlie Murphy]] learned to speak Sangheili for her role as [[Makee]] on the show and was noted to have done a phenomenal job capturing the emphasis, pitch and pronunciations of the alien language.{{Ref/YouTube|Id=S101|bnJ0Y4So_Cc|Halo The Series|Learn To Speak Sangheili|Y=2023|M=8|D=28}}
'''Sangheili''' is a constructed language created for the ''[[Halo: The Television Series]]'' co-created by linguist [[Wikipedia:David J. Peterson|David J. Peterson]], known for the Dothraki and Valyrian languages used in ''Game of Thrones'' and the Chakobsa language in ''Dune'' (''Parts 1 & 2''){{Ref/Twitter|k_wolfkill|1507493397807788032|Kiki Wolfkill|Quote=@CharlieBMurphy literally learned an entire new language and performed beautifully in that language.  Unreal. Language created by David Peterson who created Dothraki for GoT #HaloWatchParty|D=25|M=03|Y=2022}}, and language creator Carl Buck.{{Ref/Twitter|tlacamazatl|1506947170490060800|C. Buck|Quote=If you have #ParamountPlus, are a fan of #HaloSeries , and enjoy a good #conlang. You might be interested to know that I helped @Dedalvs develop the language for the Covenant.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}} Nearly three years before the series premiere, both conlangers began jointly developing a fleshed-out version of the fictional [[Sangheili (language)|Sangheili language]] from the ''[[Halo]]'' universe.{{Ref/Site|URL=https://archiveofourown.org/series/2828287|Site=Archive of Our Own|Page=Conlang Dialogue: Halo (Paramount+)|D=17|M=06|Y=2024}} By early [[2022]], Carl Buck estimated they had crafted close to 250 Sangheili words, those being base words and not variations of verbs and nouns. Actress [[Wikipedia:Charlie Murphy (actress)|Charlie Murphy]] learned to speak Sangheili for her role as [[Makee]] on the show and was noted to have done a phenomenal job capturing the emphasis, pitch and pronunciations of the alien language.{{Ref/YouTube|Id=S101|bnJ0Y4So_Cc|Halo The Series|Learn To Speak Sangheili|Y=2023|M=8|D=28}}


Peterson posts transcripts for the words and their translations on his [https://wiki.languageinvention.com/index.php?title=Sangheili_language language wiki], as well as in a series of posts on ''Archive of Our Own'', accessible [https://archiveofourown.org/series/2828287 here]. See also [https://dedalvs.com/work/halo/ David Peterson's records here] and his additional informative [https://www.halopedia.org/Archive:Twitter_-_David_J._Peterson_Sangheili_primer Tweets archived here].
Peterson posts transcripts for the words and their translations on his [https://wiki.languageinvention.com/index.php?title=Sangheili_language language wiki], as well as in a series of posts on ''Archive of Our Own'', accessible [https://archiveofourown.org/series/2828287 here]. See also [https://dedalvs.com/work/halo/ David Peterson's records here] and his additional informative [https://www.halopedia.org/Archive:Twitter_-_David_J._Peterson_Sangheili_primer Tweets archived here].
A full list of terms can be found in our [[Halopedia:Projects/Sangheili - English dictionary|Sangheili-English dictionary here]].


{| class="wikitable floatright"
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | '''Sangheili'''
! colspan="2" | <big>'''Sangheili'''</big>
<span style="font-family:courier">'''[san.ɣei.li]'''</span>
<span style="font-family:Monospace">'''[san.ɣei.li]'''</span>
|-
|-
! '''Setting'''
! '''Setting'''
| [[Silver Timeline]]
| <center>[[Silver Timeline]]</center>
|-
|-
! '''Canonical name'''
! '''Canonical name'''
| '''Sangheili'''
| <center>'''Sangheili'''</center>
|-
|-
! '''Aliases'''
! '''Aliases'''
Line 25: Line 27:
|-
|-
! '''Language code'''
! '''Language code'''
| <span style="font-family:courier">sanɡ</span>
| <center><span style="font-family:Monospace">sanɡ</span></center>
|-
|-
! '''Ancestors'''
! '''Ancestors'''
Line 34: Line 36:
|  
|  
* Latin
* Latin
|-
! '''Alignment'''
| <center>ergative-absolutive</center>
|-
! '''Head direction'''
| <center>head-final</center>
|}
|}


Line 347: Line 355:
* Sequences of ejectives are not allowed, when one occurs, the second ejective is deglottalized.
* Sequences of ejectives are not allowed, when one occurs, the second ejective is deglottalized.


* Certain sounds that are found in proper names among the Sangheili, which are not part of Sangheili phonology, are treated as approximations resulting from human attempts at Latinizing these names. Because there are no [f], [θ], or [v] sounds in the language, names like [[Thel 'Vadamee]], [[Var 'Gatanai]], and [[Fal 'Chavamee]] are English approximations of ''T'elo Badami'', ''Baro Gat'anai'', and ''P'alo Chabami'', respectively, in Sangheili.<ref>[https://archiveofourown.org/works/37951303/chapters/105183123#workskin Archive of Our Own -  Conlang Dialogue: Chapter 6 ]</ref>{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511104056244154368|David J. Peterson|Quote=P and T. Wasn’t too concerned. After all, München becomes Munich in English; Köln Cologne, etc.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}}{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511105091167670274|David J. Peterson|Quote=B, I’m that case.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}}
* Certain sounds that are found in proper names among the Sangheili, which are not part of Sangheili phonology, are treated as approximations resulting from human attempts at Latinizing these names. Because there are no [f], [θ], or [v] sounds in the language, names like [[Thel 'Vadamee]], [[Var 'Gatanai]], and [[Fal 'Chavamee]] are English approximations of ''T'elo Badami'', ''Baro Gat'anai'', and ''P'alo Chabami'', respectively, in Sangheili.{{Ref/Site|URL=https://archiveofourown.org/works/37951303/chapters/105183123#workskin|Site=Archive of Our Own|Page=Conlang Dialogue: Chapter 6|D=17|M=06|Y=2024}}{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511104056244154368|David J. Peterson|Quote=P and T. Wasn’t too concerned. After all, München becomes Munich in English; Köln Cologne, etc.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}}{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511105091167670274|David J. Peterson|Quote=B, I’m that case.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}}


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
Line 363: Line 371:
File:HTV Sangheili Font sample B.jpg
File:HTV Sangheili Font sample B.jpg
</gallery>
</gallery>


==Grammar and Morphology==
==Grammar and Morphology==
Line 389: Line 398:


:→ '''K'uucho o <u>ruuk'inatan</u> domo''' — ''"the human <u>whom</u> the warrior <u>attacked</u>"''
:→ '''K'uucho o <u>ruuk'inatan</u> domo''' — ''"the human <u>whom</u> the warrior <u>attacked</u>"''
===<u>Head-directionality</u>===
Sangheili is a head-final language, meaning everything comes first while the main head verb (the most important component of a phrase that determines the type of phrase) is relegated to the very end, hence ''head-final''.
:English:
::'''<u>I won't let</u> you take the holy relic.'''
:English (''head-final''):
::'''You holy relic take <u>I will-not-allow</u>.'''
:Sangheili:
::'''K'e o qkhado kheluuga ch'imo <u>jan o t'iswaqkhijaga</u>.'''




Line 409: Line 434:
! Third Person Inanimate
! Third Person Inanimate
| tkha || colspan=2 | tkhaari
| tkha || colspan=2 | tkhaari
|}
===<u>Noun derivations</u>===
Nouns, as well as verbs, have a series of affixes that produce groups of related or semi-related words that help to differentiate many nuances of meanings.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ ''akhe'' "hand"; ''khuut'a'' "brood mate"; ''dzuro'' "circumstance"
|-
! Noun > Noun
! V-Initial
! C-Initial (Voiceless)
! C-Initial (Voiced)
|-
! Diminutive<br><span style="color:cyan"><i>ba(gh)-</i></span>
| ''<span style="color:cyan"><i>bagh</i></span>akhe''
| ''<span style="color:cyan"><i>ba</i></span>khuut'a''
| ''<span style="color:cyan"><i>ba</i></span>dzuro''
|-
! Augmentative<br><span style="color:cyan"><i>ch'an-</i></span>
| ''<span style="color:cyan"><i>ch'an</i></span>akhe''
| ''<span style="color:cyan"><i>ch'angh</i></span>uut'a''
| ''<span style="color:cyan"><i>ch'an</i></span>dzuro''
|-
! Place<br><span style="color:cyan"><i>-di</i></span>
| ''akhe<span style="color:cyan"><i>di</i></span>''
| ''khuut'a<span style="color:cyan"><i>di</i></span>''
| ''dzuro<span style="color:cyan"><i>di</i></span>''
|-
! Collective<br><span style="color:cyan"><i>-ri</i></span>
| ''akhe<span style="color:cyan"><i>ri</i></span>''
| ''khuut'a<span style="color:cyan"><i>ri</i></span>''
| ''dzuro<span style="color:cyan"><i>ri</i></span>''
|}
|}


Line 441: Line 498:
!Ergative
!Ergative
| o
| o
| Used after a noun to mark it as the subject of a transitive verb (a verb that accepts an object).
| Used after a noun to mark it as the subject of a transitive verb (a verb that can accept one or more objects).
|-style="text-align: center
|-style="text-align: center
!Illative
!Illative
Line 455: Line 512:
| Used to address or gain someone's attention directly. "Hey, Oh, ''O ye''..."
| Used to address or gain someone's attention directly. "Hey, Oh, ''O ye''..."
|}
|}
[[File:Sangheili conlang cases.png|thumb|350px|Sangheili locative cases are similar to those found in the Finnish & Estonian languages.]]
[[File:Sangheili conlang cases.png|thumb|350px|Sangheili has six locative cases, identical to the Finnish and Estonian languages.]]
The locative cases are analogous to the following English prepositions{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511092864859602944|David J. Peterson|Quote=The locative cases are analogous to the following English prepositions: Ablative: wele ga “from the ship” Adessive: wele ni “on the ship” Allative: wele oni “to the ship” Elative: wele ba “out of the ship” Illative: wele zhi “into the ship” Inessive: wele me “in the ship"|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}}:
The locative cases are analogous to the following English prepositions{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511092864859602944|David J. Peterson|Quote=The locative cases are analogous to the following English prepositions: Ablative: wele ga “from the ship” Adessive: wele ni “on the ship” Allative: wele oni “to the ship” Elative: wele ba “out of the ship” Illative: wele zhi “into the ship” Inessive: wele me “in the ship"|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}}:


Line 500: Line 557:
*''K'uucho <span style="color:yellow">oni</span></div> zhuro'' - would be “the warrior’s weapon” or better yet "the weapon <span style="color:yellow">TO</span></div> the warrior". This would presumably mean the weapon is one the warrior owns.
*''K'uucho <span style="color:yellow">oni</span></div> zhuro'' - would be “the warrior’s weapon” or better yet "the weapon <span style="color:yellow">TO</span></div> the warrior". This would presumably mean the weapon is one the warrior owns.


*''K'uucho <span style="color:yellow">ni</span></div> zhuro'' - would also be “the warrior’s weapon” or better yet "the weapon <span style="color:yellow">ON</span></div> the warrior". This would imply that the weapon is one the warrior just picked up.
*''K'uucho <span style="color:yellow">ni</span></div> zhuro'' - would also be “the warrior’s weapon” or better yet "the weapon <span style="color:yellow">ON</span></div> the warrior". This would imply the weapon nearby is one the warrior just picked up or happened to have.


*''K'uucho <span style="color:yellow">oni</span></div> nejo <span style="color:orange">ga</span></div> zhuro'' - "the weapon <span style="color:orange">FROM</span></div> the father <span style="color:yellow">TO</span></div> the warrior". This would indicate that the warrior has their father's weapon.
*''K'uucho <span style="color:yellow">oni</span></div> nejo <span style="color:orange">ga</span></div> zhuro'' - "the weapon <span style="color:orange">FROM</span></div> the father <span style="color:yellow">TO</span></div> the warrior". This would indicate that the warrior has their father's weapon.
Line 525: Line 582:


===<u>Verb instrumental prefixes</u>===
===<u>Verb instrumental prefixes</u>===
Similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Siouan languages|Siouan]] or [[Wikipedia:Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan languages]] of the North and Middle Americas, Sangheili has instrumental prefixes that can transform verb bases into entirely new verbs.{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511100010951110656|David J. Peterson|Quote=The other big table up there has less to do with grammar than the lexicon. The instrumental prefixes are used to derive new verbs from verb bases. It’s a little like how we have verbs like “deduce”, “produce”, “induce”, “adduce”, etc.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}} The following 12 prefixes are routinely used to form a range of derivations.
Similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Siouan languages|Siouan]] or [[Wikipedia:Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan languages]] of the North and Middle Americas, Sangheili has instrumental prefixes that can transform verb bases into entirely new verbs.{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511100010951110656|David J. Peterson|Quote=The other big table up there has less to do with grammar than the lexicon. The instrumental prefixes are used to derive new verbs from verb bases. It’s a little like how we have verbs like “deduce”, “produce”, “induce”, “adduce”, etc.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}} The following 12 prefixes are routinely used to form a range of derivations and express how something is done.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 539: Line 596:
| ch'ano (head)
| ch'ano (head)
| utilizing the head
| utilizing the head
| ''ch'an'' + qkhoso (to walk) → ch'anqkhoso (to run)
| ''ch'aa'' + mosik'o (to understand) → ch'aamosik'o (to understand well)
|-style="text-align: center
|-style="text-align: center
! dzu (m/n)-
! dzu (m/n)-
Line 613: Line 670:
::*'''Ruq'ota''' (to burn) → '''ruq'otaq'u''' (to burn something, to incinerate)
::*'''Ruq'ota''' (to burn) → '''ruq'otaq'u''' (to burn something, to incinerate)


::*'''Oq'o''' (have honor) → '''oq'oqu''' (to render honor to something or someone)
::*'''Oq'o''' (be honorable) → '''oq'oqu''' (to render honor to something or someone)
 
 
===<u>Verb derivations</u>===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''jaya'' "to come"; ''k'utkho'' "to fight"; ''buulo'' "to be high"
|-
! Verb > Verb
! V-Final
! C-Final (Voiceless)
! C-Final (Voiced)
|-
! Causative<br><span style="color:cyan"><i>-q'u / -qu</i></span>
| ''jaya<span style="color:cyan">q'u</span>''
| ''k'u<span style="color:cyan">uqu</span>''
| ''b<span style="color:cyan">wiq'u</span>''
|-
! Abilitive<br><span style="color:cyan"><i>-ala / -la</i></span>
| ''jaya<span style="color:cyan">la</span>''
| ''k'utkh<span style="color:cyan">ala</span>''
| ''b<span style="color:cyan">wiyala</span>''
|-
! Continuative<br><span style="color:cyan"><i>q'(a)-</i></span>
| ''<span style="color:cyan">q'a</span>jaya''
| ''<span style="color:cyan">q'a</span>k'utkho''
| ''<span style="color:cyan">q'a</span>buulo''
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ ''jaya'' "to come"; ''k’utkho'' "to fight"; ''buulo'' "to be high"
|-
! Verb > Noun
! V-Final
! C-Final (Voiceless)
! C-Final (Voiced)
|-
! Qualitative Nominalization<br><span style="color:cyan"><i>-t'u / -tu</i></span>
| ''jaya<span style="color:cyan">t'u</span>''
| ''k'u<span style="color:cyan">utu</span>''
| ''b<span style="color:cyan">wit'u</span>''
|-
! Place Nominalization<br><span style="color:cyan"><i>-mo</i></span>
| ''jaya<span style="color:cyan">mo</span>''
| ''k'u<span style="color:cyan">umo</span>''
| ''b<span style="color:cyan">wimo</span>''
|-
! Instrument Nominalization<br><span style="color:cyan"><i>-gha / -ga / -ka</i></span>
| ''jaya<span style="color:cyan">gha</span>''
| ''k'u<span style="color:cyan">uka</span>''
| ''b<span style="color:cyan">wiga</span>''
|-
! Individual Nominalization<br><span style="color:cyan"><i>-jo / -cho</i></span>
| ''jaya<span style="color:cyan">jo</span>''
| ''k'u<span style="color:cyan">ucho</span>''
| ''b<span style="color:cyan">wijo</span>''
|}




Line 650: Line 762:


* Verbs in both the indicative and interrogative modes have positive and negative forms as well.
* Verbs in both the indicative and interrogative modes have positive and negative forms as well.
[[File:Sangheili conlang verbs.png|thumb|350px|Sangheili verb paradigm.]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Verb Paradigm for Dynamic and Stative Verbs'''
|-
! V-Final
! colspan="2" | Dynamic <br><small>Bekkha "to breathe"</small>
! colspan="2" | Stative <br><small>K'aacho "to be useful"</small>
|-
!
! Positive
! Negative
! Positive
! Negative
|-
! 1. Bare
| ''bekkha''
| ''bekkheya''
| ''k'aacho''
| ''k'aachoya''
|-
! 2. Reduplicative
| ''baabekkha''
| ''baabekkheya''
| ''k'aagach'o''
| ''k'aagach'oya''
|-
! 3. Inceptive
| ''bekkhekhi''
| ''bekkheye''
| ''k'aachwekhi''
| ''k'aachoye''
|-
! 4. Completive
| ''bekkhatan''
| ''bekkhitan''
| ''k'aachotan''
| ''k'aachwetan''
|-
! 5. Declarative
| ''bekkhajo''
| ''bekkhijo''
| ''k'aachojo''
| ''k'aachwejo''
|-
! 6. Witnessed
| ''bekkhaji''
| ''bekkhiji''
| ''k'aachoji''
| ''k'aachweji''
|-
! 7. Overheard
| ''bekkhajen''
| ''bekkhijen''
| ''k'aachojen''
| ''k'aachwejen''
|-
! 8. Prospective
| ''bekkhajaga''
| ''bekkhijaga''
| ''k'aachojaga''
| ''k'aachwejaga''
|}




Other aspects and question forms:
====Other aspects and question forms====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! !! Dynamic Verbs !! Stative Verbs !! Suffix
! !! Dynamic Verbs !! Stative Verbs !! Suffix
|-
|-
! Negation
! Negation
| Reverse action || Contrary state || -eya
| Reverse action || Contrary state || -eya (or -ya)
|-
|-
! Ability
! Ability
Line 663: Line 838:
|-
|-
! Yes or No Question
! Yes or No Question
| - || - || -jahe<ref>[https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/1511098687816028169 Twitter - David J. Peterson]</ref> (or -chahe) and is attached to a reduced set of 4 tenses: Bare, Reduplicative, Inceptive, and Completive.
| - || - || -jahe{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511098687816028169|David J. Peterson|Quote=Something that’s missing from these are the question forms. When asking a yes/no question, there are special forms for the verbs used with a reduced set of tenses (4). You’ll hear them when questions are asked.|D=17|M=06|Y=2024}} (or -chahe) and is attached to a reduced set of 4 tenses: <br> Bare, Reduplicative, Inceptive, and Completive.
|}
|}


Line 755: Line 930:
|}
|}


===<u>Numerals</u>===
Sangheili uses a base eight numeral system:
''e.g.'' <math>[...,\frac{512}{8^3}, \frac{64}{8^2}, \frac{8}{8^1}, \frac{1}{8^0} ]</math>
:*''Domo ch'ishan'' — ''human three&eight'':  (13<sub> base-8</sub> = 11 <sub>base-10</sub>)
:*''Eleven humans''.
The suffix -''ngo'' is used to mark ordinals.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Sangheili Numerals
! Cardinal Numbers !! Base-8 !! Ordinal Numbers !! Cardinal Numbers (cont.)
|-
| '''0''' - Nga || '''0''' || ||
|-
| '''1''' - Ju || '''1''' || '''1st''' - Jungo || '''20''' - (24<sub> base-8</sub>) - yuak'unan
|-
| '''2''' - K'ung (-ku) || '''2''' || '''2nd''' - K'ungo || '''21''' - (25<sub> base-8</sub>) - yuak'uro
|-
| '''3''' - Ch'i || '''3''' || '''3rd''' - Ch'ingo || '''30''' - (36<sub> base-8</sub>) - yuach'ighu
|-
| '''4''' - Nan || '''4''' || '''4th''' - Nango || '''40''' - (50<sub> base-8</sub>) - yuaro
|-
| '''5''' - Ros (-ro) || '''5''' || '''5th''' - Rongo || '''50''' - (62<sub> base-8</sub>) - yuaghuku
|-
| '''6''' - Ghu || '''6''' || '''6th''' - Ghungo || '''60''' - (74<sub> base-8</sub>) - yuadzonnan
|-
| '''7''' - Dzon || '''7''' || '''7th''' - Dzongo || '''70''' - (106<sub> base-8</sub>) - yuashan ghu
|-
| '''8''' - Shan || '''10''' || '''8th''' - Shango || '''80''' - (120<sub> base-8</sub>) - yuak'ushan
|-
| '''9''' - Jushan || '''11''' || '''9th''' - Jushango || '''90''' - (132<sub> base-8</sub>) - yuach'ishan k'ung
|-
| '''10''' - K'ushan || '''12''' || '''10th''' - K'ushango || '''100''' - (144<sub> base-8</sub>) - yuananshan nan
|-
| '''11''' - Ch'ishan || '''13''' || '''11th''' - Ch'ishango || '''101''' - (145<sub> base-8</sub>) - yuananshan ros
|-
| '''12''' - Nanshan || '''14''' || '''12th''' - Nanshango || '''111''' - (157<sub> base-8</sub>) - yuaroshan dzon
|-
| '''13''' - Roshan || '''15''' || '''13th''' - Roshango || '''144''' - (220<sub> base-8</sub>) - baashkhi
|-
| '''14''' - Ghushan || '''16''' || '''14th''' - Ghushango ||
|-
| '''15''' - Dzonshan || '''17''' || '''15th''' - Dzonshango ||
|}


==Sangheili lines & outtakes==
==Sangheili lines & outtakes==
Line 762: Line 982:




{{Center|''* Denotes a word's spelling has not been confirmed.''}}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+ Samples
|+ Samples
|-
|-
| Jan David *ngitkha. || My name is David.{{Ref/Reuse|Id=S101}}
| Jan David ngiit'a. || My name is David. ''or'' I am called David.{{Ref/Reuse|Id=S101}}
|-
|-
| Hait'u ga k'utkho! || From strength, fight! ''or''  Fight with strength! (<small>Used by Sangheili as both a greeting and a farewell.</small>){{Ref/Reuse|Id=S101}}
| Hait'u ga k'utkho! || From strength, fight! ''or''  Fight with strength! (<small>Used by Sangheili as both a greeting and a farewell.</small>){{Ref/Reuse|Id=S101}}
|-
|-
| Jan o moa ba ngani rotkho *p'onji. || I will eat a [[moa]] burger. ''or''  I will eat moa flesh.{{Ref/Reuse|Id=S101}}
| Jan o moa ba ngani rotkho pkhonji. || I will eat a [[moa]] burger. ''or''  I will eat moa flesh.{{Ref/Reuse|Id=S101}}
|-
|-
| Qkhe p'os. Sugakho. || (Oh shit) ([[Needler]])
| Qkhe p'os, Sugakho. || Oh shit, [[Needler]].
|-
|-
| Yodu Shandi ni Ch'awaruut'u ba pumo jayajaga. || Soon the Covenant will begin it's Great Journey. (Soon the start of the Covenant's Great Journey will come.)
| Yodu Shandi ni Ch'awaruut'u ba pumo jayajaga. || Soon the Covenant will begin it's Great Journey. (Soon the dawn of the Covenant's Great Journey will come.)
|}
|}


Line 783: Line 1,002:
|+ Episode 101
|+ Episode 101
|-
|-
| Makee || Q'iitu. Et'o zwari. Maasa ghwiri k'e o jan ni changongo oni jayatan. || Mercy. Welcome. It's been a long time since you've visited my chambers.
| Makee || Q'iitu. Et'o zwari. Maasa ghwiri k'e o jan ni ch'angongo oni jayatan. || Mercy. Welcome. It's been a long time since you've visited my chambers.
|-
|-
| Mercy || Yap'o dzuro ba jayatan jan itskhaji. || I wish I came under better circumstances.
| Mercy || Yap'o dzuro ba jayatan jan itskhaji. || I wish I came under better circumstances.
Line 809: Line 1,028:
| Mercy || Eya, T'elo Badami. Jaari oni ghabaat'u ni, buut'u ze ruuq'ontu ba ch'anopkhuutu jayajaga. || No, Thel 'Vadamee. For our shame,  your redemption will come through penance and reeducation.
| Mercy || Eya, T'elo Badami. Jaari oni ghabaat'u ni, buut'u ze ruuq'ontu ba ch'anopkhuutu jayajaga. || No, Thel 'Vadamee. For our shame,  your redemption will come through penance and reeducation.
|-
|-
| Thel || Hirajo me haat'u o mu o riin ni ch'anqkhoso moshkhaachen tkhazhi tkha o ghashank'o oni me mos ba nizhi moshkhaachahe? || If the abilities of the Blessed One mean she is meant to be with us, do they not mean the same for the demon?
| Thel || Hirajo me haat'u o mu o riin ni ch'aqkhosa moshkhaachen tkhazhi tkha o ghashank'o oni me mos ba nizhi moshkhaachahe? || If the abilities of the Blessed One mean she is meant to be with us, do they not mean the same for the demon?
|-
|-
| Thel || Juukhojo Q'iitu. K'aidon me mos ba, ghuuri maasa jan o domo k'uutan. Ghashank'o jan o chkha'ala nizhi matkhala, tkhazhi jan o modujitan gha khech'imala. Tkhet'a ga, jan o ch'anopkhola jan oni t'iswaqkho. || Prophet Mercy. As a kaidon, I have fought with the humans many times. I can hunt and kill the demon, and retrieve what I have lost. Please, allow me to redeem myself.
| Thel || Juukhojo Q'iitu. K'aidon me mos ba, ghuuri maasa jan o domo k'uutan. Ghashank'o jan o chkha'ala nizhi matkhala, tkhazhi jan o modujitan gha khech'imala. Tkhet'a ga, jan o ch'anopkhola jan oni t'iswaqkho. || Prophet Mercy. As a kaidon, I have fought with the humans many times. I can hunt and kill the demon, and retrieve what I have lost. Please, allow me to redeem myself.
Line 826: Line 1,045:
| Makee || Nizhi muuri? || And them?
| Makee || Nizhi muuri? || And them?
|-
|-
| Makee || Daagheya, Q'iitu. Riin o t'onguutan zhaan o k'e mojaya. Tkha zhaan me baazhi ni chkhan q'unqa jan o qkhit'uji--jan me muuri oni maaziit'u mosa. || No need to worry, Mercy. You remember the day we met. I've tried to forget everything that came before that day--everything except my hatred for them.
| Makee || Daaghaya, Q'iitu. Riin o t'onguutan zhaan o k'e mojaya. Tkha zhaan me baazhi ni chkhan q'unqa jan o qkhit'uji--jan me muuri oni maaziit'u mosa. || No need to worry, Mercy. You remember the day we met. I've tried to forget everything that came before that day--everything except my hatred for them.
|-
|-
| Makee || Q'iitu. Riin o t'onguutan zhaan o jan nizhi mojaya. Domo o jan zhi ruutskhaatan gha o jan mojaya. Jan me muuri oni maaziit'u o jan nizhi mojaya pkha. || Mercy. I also remember the day we met. I remember what the humans did to me, and I remember my hatred for them.
| Makee || Q'iitu. Riin o t'onguutan zhaan o jan nizhi mojaya. Domo o jan zhi ruutskhaatan gha o jan mojaya. Jan me muuri oni maaziit'u o jan nizhi mojaya pkha. || Mercy. I also remember the day we met. I remember what the humans did to me, and I remember my hatred for them.
Line 849: Line 1,068:
|+ Episode 104
|+ Episode 104
|-
|-
| Sangheili || Yojo oni ikhi. || Switching to (Needler).
| Sangheili || Yojo oni ikhi. || Switching to needler.
|-
|-
| Sangheili || Qkhe p'os, Jan ni khobuugha! || Oh shit, my gun!
| Sangheili || Qkhe p'os, Jan ni khobuugha! || Oh shit, my gun!
Line 931: Line 1,150:


==Sangheili war chant : ''The Ballad of Kel 'Darsam''==
==Sangheili war chant : ''The Ballad of Kel 'Darsam''==
A poem was crafted for the series inspired by the [[Ballad of Kel 'Darsam]] in [[Joseph Staten]]'s short novel, ''[[Halo: Shadow of Intent]]''. In the show, this ballad is sung as a Sangheili war chant. The line ''"K'iis o aamu ni mu maaroji"'' can be heard in [[Transcendence]], the ninth and final episode of the first season. {{Ref/Site|Id=SDT|URL=https://www.halowaypoint.com/news/silver-debrief-transcendence|Site=Halo Waypoint|Page=Silver Debrief: Transcendence|D=22|M=08|Y=2023}} The following are only the first eight lines of a lengthier poem.<ref>[https://archiveofourown.org/works/37951303?view_full_work=true Archive of Our Own -  Conlang Dialogue: The Ballad of Kel Darsam ]</ref>
A poem was crafted for the series inspired by the [[Ballad of Kel 'Darsam]] in [[Joseph Staten]]'s short novel, ''[[Halo: Shadow of Intent]]''. In the show, this ballad is sung as a Sangheili war chant. The line ''"K'iis o aamu ni mu maaroji"'' can be heard in [[Transcendence]], the ninth and final episode of the first season. {{Ref/Site|Id=SDT|URL=https://www.halowaypoint.com/news/silver-debrief-transcendence|Site=Halo Waypoint|Page=Silver Debrief: Transcendence|D=22|M=08|Y=2023}} The following are only the first eight lines of a lengthier poem.{{Ref/Site|URL=https://archiveofourown.org/works/37951303?view_full_work=true|Site=Archive of Our Own|Page=Conlang Dialogue: The Ballad of Kel Darsam|D=17|M=06|Y=2024}}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 966: Line 1,185:
</gallery>
</gallery>


==Vocabulary List==
===Transcribed words===
The following words were transcribed phonetically and showcased in Episode 4 of the TV series.
*[saŋ.ɣe.li] - "sangheli" : Sangheili
*[xo.bu] - "khobu" : shoot
*[ki:.'gia:.ra] - "kiigiaara" : Kig-Yar
*[ɣa.ˈʃaŋ.k'o.] - "ghashank'o" : demon
*[o.' q'o.ga.xa] : "oq'ogakha" : Keystone
*[tʃ'aŋ.'ga.go.mo] - "ch'anggagomo" : Halo
*[sˣu.tʃo] - "skhucho" : Down
*[do.tʃo] - "docho" : Up


===Basic Nouns / Names===
==Vocabulary==
A full vocabulary list can be found here: [[Halopedia:Projects/Sangheili - English dictionary|Sangheili-English dictionary]].
===Basic Nouns===
*''Buulo Ch'awaat'u'' : [[High Charity]]
*''Buulo Ch'awaat'u'' : [[High Charity]]
*''Ch'adomo'' : Spartan(s)
*''Ch'adomo'' : Spartan(s)
Line 991: Line 1,201:
*''Hirajo'' : Blessed One
*''Hirajo'' : Blessed One
*''Juukhojo'' : Prophet(s)
*''Juukhojo'' : Prophet(s)
*''Kiigiyaara'' : [[Kig-Yar]]
*''Maduriga'': [[Madrigal]]
*''Maduriga'': [[Madrigal]]
*''Mak'ii'' : [[Makee]]
*''Mak'ii'' : [[Makee]]
Line 999: Line 1,210:
*''Shak'o'' : The Path, the way
*''Shak'o'' : The Path, the way
*''Shandi'' : [[The Covenant]], the alliance
*''Shandi'' : [[The Covenant]], the alliance
*''T'injuqkhuujo'' : [[Arbiter|The Arbiter]]
*''T'inguqkhuujo'' : [[Arbiter|The Arbiter]]
 
===A===
*''aamu'' : god(s), deity(ies)
*''aba'' : ❶ [indefinite singular pronoun] : anything, anyone, anybody — ❷ [indefinite singular pronoun] : something, someone, somebody
*''akke'' : hand
*''atkha'' : [distal demonstrative singular pronoun] : that, that one
 
===B===
*''ba'' : [postposition] : out of, out from (elative) ; of (genitive)
*''baan'' : back (of the body), spine
*''baas'' : ❶ [indefinite adverb] : in any manner, in any way, any way — ❷ [indefinite adverb] : in some manner, in some way, somehow
*''baashi'' : ceremony
*''baashkhi'' : hundreds
*''baaska'' : trap
*''baari'' : [indefinite plural pronoun] : any, some
*''baat'u'' : safety
*''baazhi'' : before, prior
*''baghiit'u'' : ignorance
*''bak'ontu'' : justice, righteousness
*''bakha'' : (v.) to burst, to explode
**''baabakha'' : (Reduplicative Form)
*''bambit'a'' : (v.) to promise something to someone, to hold in reserve or specially something for someone (derived from the verb: bit'a)
*''bambit'agha'' : promise, oath, vow
*''banechkha'' : (v.) to move aside, to move apart
*''bani'' : behind
*''banghaina'' : (v.) to sense, to detect, to perceive (derived from the verb: ghaina)
*''bank'utkho'' : (v.) to defend, to resist (derived from k'utkho, bank'utkho literally means "to fight with the back" and by metaph. extension, "to fight back")
*''baqkhat'a'' : shield, defenses; (v.) to shield, to shelter (derived from the verb: qkhat'a)
*''Baro'' : (''prop.n.'')  A male given name. Latinized as Var. — '''Baro Gat'anai'''
*''bats'a'' : (v.) to bind, to be bound
*''bekkhajo'' : creature, animal
*''bit'a'' : (v.) to bear, to carry, to hold
*''bit'agha'' : container, carrier, vessel
*''bojo'' : mother(s)
*''Buulo Ch'awaat'u'' : (''prop.n.'')  [[High Charity]]
 
===C===
*''ch'aamosik'o'' : (v.) to better understand, to comprehend (derived from the verb: mosik'o)
*''ch'adomo'' : spartan(s)
*''ch'adonu'' : (v.) to notice, to pay attention (derived from the verb: donu)
*''ch'adzuma'' : dangerous
*''ch'amaaro'' :  (v.) to look at, to glance at (derived from the verb: maaro)
*''ch'ambuujo'' : hierarch(s)
*''ch'ana'' : (v.) to read
*''ch'anaani'' : pillar
*''ch'anggaaya'' : over-valuable
*''ch'anggagomo'' : the sacred ring
*''ch'anggon'' : (v.) to tutor, to instruct (derived form the verb : q'on)
*''ch'anghutkho'' : combat, skirmish
*''ch'anik'o'' : (v.) to see
*''ch'ano'' : head
*''ch'anopkho'' : (v.) to atone, to redeem a fault (derived from the verb: opkho)
*''ch'anopkhuutu'' : redemption
*''ch'anoq'o'' : great nobility
*''ch'anqi'' : extinction
*''ch'anqkhat'a'' : roof, top part
*''ch'anqkhoso'' : (v.) to run (derived from the verb: qkhoso)
*''ch'anzap'atu'' : great victory
*''ch'apkhaat'u'' : grace
*''ch'aqkhosa'' : (v.) to push forward
*''ch'awaat'u'' : charity
*''ch'awaqkho'' : (v.) to restore (derived from the verb: waqkho)
*''ch'i'' : third
*''ch'imo'' : (v.) to take, to get, to gather, to collect
*''ch'in'' : (v.) to take, to seize (ch'in literally means to stab; to pierce)
**''chinjin'' : (Reduplicative Form) were stabbing
*''changongo'' : chamber, room
*''chkha'a'' : (v.) to hunt, to pursue
**''chkhaaja'a'' : (Reduplicative Form)
*''Chkhaa pkha!'' : (idiomatic, vulgar) expresses contempt : ''"Fuck you!"''
*''chkhan'' : all, whole, entire
**''chkhan ba'' : all by
**''chkhan ni'' : over all
*''chkhugimo'' : altar
*''chkhuung'' : such that, so that
 
===D===
*''daagha'' : (v.) to worry
**''daagheya'' : worry not
*''diibe'' : place, where (conjunction), in / to a place, at / from which (See also: ghaadi)
*''dokkhat'u'' : kindness
*''domo'' : human(s)
*''donu'' : (v.) to rotate, to twist, to turn around
**''daadonu'' : (Reduplicative Form)
*''duje'' : (v.) to molt
*''dunga'' : world, planet
*''dzana'' : woman
*''dzima'' : brave
*''dzuch'in'' : (v.) to steal (derived from the verb: ch'in)
*''dzuk'utkho'' : (v.) to battle (derived from the verb: k'utkho)
*''dzukhunt'u'' : dominance
*''dzumbit'a'' : (v.) to wield (presumably a weapon) (derived from the verb: bit'a)
*''dzumema'' : (v.) to conquer, to subjugate (derived from the verb: ema)
*''dzumu'' : (v.) to be sharp
*''dzuqkhost'u'' : treachery
*''dzushkhop'o'' : (v.) to aim, to target (derived from the verb: shkhop'o)
*''dzushkhoomo'' : target
*''dzuutu'' : danger, peril
 
===E===
*''ema'' : (v.) to mount, to get on
**''aamema'' : (Reduplicative Form)
*''et'o'' : blades, swords
*''et'ojo'' : swordsman(men)
*''eya'' : no, or to negate something (if added at end of a verb)
 
===G===
*''ga'' : [postposition] : from, away from (ablative) ; of (genitive)
*''gadi'' : lower mandible
*''gaibaat'u'' : fortune, riches
*''gaibakha'' : (v.) to happen, to occur, to befall (derived from the verb: bakha)
*''gaich'in'' : (v.) to be wrong (derived from the verb: ch'in)
*''gaiduje'' : (v.) to sully, to dirty, to pollute (derived from the verb: duje)
*''gaighap'awa'' : (v.) to offend (derived from the verb: ghap'awa)
*''gaijaat'u'' : malfunction
*''gaijaya'' :  (v.) to approach, to come near, to draw close (derived form the verb: jaya)
*''gaik'ina'' : (v.) to regret (derived from the verb: k'ina)
*''gaik'inat'u'' : regret
*''gaikhawa'' : (v.) to guess, to predict (derived from the verb: khawa)
*''gaikkhaajo'' : ones who believe, believers
*''gaikkhat'a'' : (v.) to believe, to anticipate
*''gaimaaro'' : (v.) to hope, to hope for, to expect (derived from the verb: maaro)
*''gaiwarut'o'' : (v.) to become lost, to be astray (derived from the verb: warut'o)
*''gakha'' : rocks, stones
*''gawaacho'' : ones who make sacrifices or present offerings, priest(s)
*''gawaaka'' : sacrifice, offering
*''gazhumaaka'' : alert; (v.) to alert, to warn, to give warning to
*''gha'' : what (pronoun)
*''ghaaba'' : (v.) to decay, to rot
**''ghaagaba'' : (Reduplicative Form)
*''ghaadi'' : where, in what place or position (See also: diibe)
*''ghaamos'' : why, how come
*''ghaakhe'' : how much
*''ghaasha'' : how
*''ghaazhi'' : [causal conjunction]  (Because..., So..., For..., And if..., When...)
*''ghachkha'a'' : (v.) to track, to follow (derived from the verb: chkha'a)
*''ghaina'' : (v.) to hear
*''ghajaya'' : (v.) to return, to come back (derived from the verb: jaya)
*''ghakhawa'' : (v.) to blaspheme (derived from the verb: khawa)
*''ghakhot'u'' : blasphemy
*''ghamaaziit'u'' : jealousy
*''ghap'awa'' : (v.) to step
*''ghap'awagha'' : step
*''ghaq'aaga'' : map, chart
*''ghashango'' : (v.) to accompany, to follow to join
*''ghashank'o'' : demon, monster
**''baghashank'o'' : little demon, imp
*''ghat'iiwa'' : (v.) to hesitate, to delay (derived from the verb: t'iiwa)
**''ghat'iiweya'' : do not hesitate
*''ghats'aha'' : (v.) to be situated, to lie in place, to remain (derived from the verb: ts'aha)
*''ghats'aatu'' : remainder, remaining
*''ghu'' : [postposition] : O (vocative) (Occurs with the addressed or called-out elements.)
*''ghunu'' : (v.) to destroy, to eliminate (See also: ruubakha)
*''ghuuri'' : many, much
*''goja'' : top, above
*''gulo'' : (v.) to guide, to lead, to steer
*''guro'' : (v.) to want, to desire, to wish
*''guujo'' : ones who guide
*''guulo'' : master(s)
*''gwigha'' : direction, instruction, orders
*''gwis'' : (v.) to direct, to instruct, to lead, to order
 
===H===
*''haala'' : strong
**''haali'' : stronger
*''haanga'' : kind, ilk, allied
*''haat'u'' : ability
*''haazhi'' : once, as soon as
*''hai'' : (v.) to be able to
*''hait'u'' : strength, power, might
**''Hait'u ga k'utkho'' : salutation ("hello" or "goodbye") : ''"Fight with strength"'', ''"Fight well"''
*''hira'' : (v.) to bless, to praise
*''hirat'u'' : blessing, praising
*''hirajo'' : ones who are blessed
*''hodu'' : (v.) to wait, to pause (and by extension: to await)
*''hunt'u'' : radiation, radiance
 
===I===
*''ii'' : [negative demonstrative determiner] : no, not
*''iiku'' : (v.) to know (information), to be familiar with
**''iik'uya'' : know not
*''iit'u'' : information, knowledge
*''ik'o'' : eye(s)
*''ikhi'' : now, presently
**''ikhi baazhi'' : previously
**''ikhi eya'' : not yet, not now
**''ikhi ga'' : right now, right away
**''ikhi jaya'' : come quickly, come now
*''ine'' : [proximal demonstrative singular pronoun] : this, this one
 
===J===
*''jaari'' : [first-person plural pronoun] : we, us, ourselves (exclusive of you)
*''jaja'' : maybe, perhaps
*''jan'' : [first-person singular pronoun] : I, me, myself
*''jaya'' : (v.) to come, to arrive
**''jejaya'' : (Reduplicative Form)
**''jayaleya'' : can not arrive
*''ju'' : one
*''juq'u'' : (v.) to make or become one, to join, to unite
*''juubaat'u'' : destiny, fate
*''juubit'a'' : (v.) to secure (derived from the verb: bit'a)
*''juuch'in'' : (v.) to accept, to adopt, to embrace (Also "to appreciate" and "to be grateful") (derived from the verb: ch'in)
*''juuch'imo'' : (v.) to accept (in a broad sense), to take (receive) (derived from the verb: ch'imo)
*''juuchkhugi'' : (''v.'') to vindicate, to assert, to prove right (derived from the verb: chkhugi)
*''juudonu'' : (v.) to flank (derived from the verb: donu)
*''juukhawa'' : (v.) to claim, to declare, to profess (derived from the verb: khawa)
*''juukhojo'' : ones who prophesy, prophet(s)
*''juukhot'u'' : prophecy
*''juuluumo'' : legacy
*''juumatkha'' : (v.) to kill with certainty (derived from the verb: matkha)
*''juun'' : upper mandible
*''juunduje'' : (v.) to make look good, act good, perform well (derived from the verb: duje)
*''juunik'o'' : (v.)  to foresee, to see ahead
*''juunik'otu'' : sight, seeing
*''juusatkha'' : of course (from the verb: satkha)
*''juusiit'a'' : (v.) to summon, to invoke (derived from the verb: siit'a)
*''juutkhola'' : enough
**''juutkhaadola'' : (Reduplicative Form) : enough, that's enough
*''juutkhaat'u'' : defeat
 
===K===
*''k'aachot'u'' : effectively
*''k'aaje'' : shame, fall; (v.) to shame
*''k'aidon'' : [[kaidon]]
*''k'e'' : [second-person singular pronoun] : you, yourself
*''K'elo'' : (''prop.n.'')  A male given name. Latinized as Kel. — '''K'elo Daasamu'''
*''k'ena'' : (v.) to choose, to select, to decide on
*''k'enjo'' : ones who are chosen
*''k'iri'' : [second-person plural pronoun] : you, you all, yourselves
*''k'iis'' : light
*''k'iisho'' : [[luminary]]
*''k'ina'' : (v.) to bite
*''k'o'' : or
*''k'ondi'' : door, gate, entrance
*''k'onwele'' : tank
*''k'umas'' : again, once more
*''k'ung'' : both
*''k'unjo'' : another, others, the rest
*''k'utkho'' : (v.) to fight
*''k'uucho'' : ones who fight, warrior(s), soldier(s)
*''khaayagha'' : profit, benefit
*''khaayajo'' : someone of worth, value, or importance
*''khawa'' : (v.) to say
*''khayema'' : (v.) to scale by hand (derived from the verb: ema)
*''khebit'a'' : (v.) to have, to possess, to retain (derived from the verb: bit'a)
*''khebit'ajo'' : one who possesses a common quality, ones with a similarity
*''khech'imo'': (v.) to retrieve, to get and bring back, to reclaim (derived from the verb: ch'imo)
*''khekhawa'' : (v.) to respond (derived from the verb: khawa)
*''kheluuga'' : artifact, relic
*''khemaaro'' : (''v.'') to spy (on), to watch secretly, to observe (derived from the verb: maaro)
*''khemaarojo'' : ones who spy, spies
*''khis'' : mongrel
*''khisho'' : pest
*''khobu'' : (v.) to fire (from a weapon),  to shoot
**''khobuuya'' : hold fire, cease firing, do not shoot
**''khuughobu'' : (Reduplicative Form) were shooting, were firing
*''khobuugha'' : gun, firearm
*''khoya'' : wise
*''khuut'a'' : brother(s), kin, same
*''khuzho'' : [Reflexive Pronoun] : one's self; myself, yourself, themselves, itself
*''kkhaaya'' : (v.) to be worthy, to have value, to matter
**''kkhaayeya'' : not worthy, hardly worth
*''kkhadza'' : (v.) to be correct, to be right
**''kkhagadza'' : (Reduplicative Form) correct, that's right
*''kkhadzat'u'' : right , rightful
*''kkhago'' : ring, circle ; (v.) to circle, to surround
*''kkhosa'' : (v.) to flee
*''kkhotskha'' : (v.) to be ruined, to have been put in a broken or fallen state
 
===L===
*''la'ajo'' : twin, partner, counterpart
*''lakhi'' : (v.) to rise up, to ascend
*''loshkho'' : (v.) to show
**''loloshkho'' : (Reduplicative Form) is revealing
*''luk'a'' : spear, pike
*''luuka'' : blood
 
===M===
*''maaro'' : (v.) to find, to look for, to seek
**''maamaro'' : (Reduplicative Form)
***''q'amaamaro'' : keep on searching
**''q'amaaro'' : keep looking, continue looking
*''maarot'u'' : a search, exploration, quest
*''maasa'' : time, point in time, period
*''maaziit'u'' : revenge, hatred, vendetta
*''maikhu'' : tool, device
*''maskhit'u'' : temper
*''matkha'' : (v.) to kill, to slay
**''matkhaji'' : killed, slew
**''matkhaya'' : do not kill
*''me'' : [postposition] : in, inside, inside of (inessive) ; of (genitive)
*''mech'imo'' : (v.) to take with, to bring, to obtain (derived from the verb: ch'imo)
*''mech'in'' : (v.) to cut, to rip
*''mechkhuut'u'' : redemption
*''meghizit'u'' : mission
*''mejaya'' : (v.) to prepare, to be ready
*''mejayaq'u'' : (v.) to make ready, to prepare or equip something
*''mekhu'' : instrument (see also: maikhu)
*''mep'uuka'' : interrogation
*''mobakha'' : (v.) to realize, to acknowledge (derived from the verb: bakha)
*''mobaat'u'' : revelation
*''mobit'a'' : (v.) to remind (derived from the verb: bit'a)
*''moduje'' : (v.) to lose track of, to have lost (derived from the verb: duje)
*''mogha'' : waves, surge
*''mojaya'' : (v.) to remember (derived from the verb: jaya)
*''moq'aara'' : (v.) to have faith, to be pious or devout (derived from the verb: q'aara)
*''moq'aajo'' : ones who have zealous faith, zealot(s)
*''moq'aatu'' : faith
*''mos'' : brain, mind
**''me mos ba'' : like, as, just as
*''moshkhop'o'' : (v.) to indicate (derived from the verb: shkhop'o)
*''mosik'o'' : (v.) to think, to understand
**''mosik'weya'' : do not understand
*''mositskha'' : (v.) to intrigue, to fascinate (derived from the verb: itskha)
*''mosone'' : counsel, advice
*''mot'ongu'' :  (v.) to agree (derived from the verb: t'ongu)
*''mot'onguut'u'' : agreement, covenant, pact
*''mots'aha'' : (v.) to leave behind, to abandon (derived from the verb: ts'aha)
*''mu'' : [third-person singular pronoun] : he/him/himself, she/her/herself, they/themself
*''muni'' : (v.) to tire, to grow weary
*''muuri'' : [third-person plural pronoun] : they, them, themselves
 
===N===
*''nasa'' : exceeds (a bit much, much too, far too, more)
**''naseya'' : no more, no longer
*''naya'' : (v.) to fertilize an egg
**''nenaya'' : (Reduplicative Form)  were fertilizing
*''ne'' : [proximal demonstrative determiner] : this
*''nejo'' : father(s)
*''nga'' : nothing, without, absent
*''ngajo'' : [negative pronoun] : nobody, no one, none
*''ngamaas'' : [negative adverb] : in no manner, in no way, no way
*''ngani'' : need, must, require
*''ngatkhet'a'' : (adj.) absent, missing
*''ngeno'' : (v.) to save
*''ngitkhagha'' : controls
*''nguuka'' : energy, spirit
*''ni'' : [postposition] : at, on, near (adessive) ; of (genitive)
*''niri'' : [proximal demonstrative plural pronoun] : these, these ones
*''nizhi'' : and (when used to coordinate nouns and sentences: also, in addition, about, as well) (See also: ze)
*''nuju'' : (v.) to be weak, cowardly, pathethic
*''nujujo'' : weakling, the weak, ones who display cowardice
*''nujut'u'' : weakness
 
===O===
*''o'' : [postposition] : (ergative) (Occurs with the subject of an action that involves a direct object.)
*''obadi'' : prison
*''ogha'' : foot
**''ogha ni'' : near, close
*''oni'' : [postposition] : to, toward, onto (allative) ; of (genitive)
*''opkho'' : (v.) to bend
**''pkhaapkho'' : (Reduplicative Form)  were bending
*''oq'o'' : (v.) to be great, glorious, or noble, to have honor
**''oq'eya'' : no honor
*''oq'oqu'' : (v.) to render honor to something
*''oq'otu'' : glory, honor
*''oq'ogakha'' : the sacred stones
*''ot'a'' : (v.) to suffer, to endure
**''ot'oza'' : (Reduplicative Form)
 
===P===
*''p'aatu'' : pity
*''p'ayut'u'' : exactly
*''p'ekkha'' : (v.) to form, to shape
*''p'es'' : (''n.'') worm
*''p'ikhe'' : creature, animal
*''p'uuka'' : question; (v.) to question, to ask
*''pkha'' : [an interjection used for emphasis or to convey a sense of urgency] (really, greatly, definitely)
*''pkhada'' :  (v.) to stop, to halt, to cease
*''pkhot'a'' : in front of, before, facing
*''pkhungo'' : (v.) to sleep
**''pkhubungo'' : (Reduplicative Form)  were sleeping
*''p'umo'' : start, begins, beginning
**''bap'umo'' : source, origin, root
 
===Q===
*''q'a'' : but, but rather, yet
*''q'aara'' : true; (v.) to be true, to be loyal
*''q'aatu'' : truth
*''q'aha'' : (v.) to touch
*''q'aya'' : simple
*''q'on'' : (v.) to teach
*''q'uho'' : (v.) to be silent, to quiet
*''q'unqa'' : (v.) to forget, to forgive
**''q'unqijaga'' : will forget
*''q'ii'' : dead, death, demising
*''q'iitu'' : mercy
*''qkhaamo'' : shrine, temple
*''qkhaat'u'' : holiness
*''qkhaaq'u'' : (v.) to consecrate, to make something holy
*''qkhado'' : holy, sacred
*''qkhadomo'' : divine beyond
*''qkhan'' : enemy(ies)
*''qkhat'a'' : (v.) to defend, to guard, to protect
*''qkhe'' : (''intj.'')  oh
**''qkhe p'os'' : (''intj.'')  ''"oh, shit!"'', ''"ah, crap!"''
*''qkhoso'' : (v.) to walk
**''qkhaachaga'' : will walk, shall walk
**''qkhoghoso'' : (Reduplicative Form)  were walking
 
===R===
*''Raas Kkhotskha'' : (''prop.n.'')  A name of a Sangheili planet.
*''rasq'u'' : (v.) to knock down, to cause to fall
*''Riich'e'' : (''prop.n.'')  [[Reach]]
*''riikhe'' : crowd, group, multitude
**''riikhe ni'' : together, all together
**''riikhe oni'' : regroup, rally together
**''riikhe zi'' : among, in company
*''riin'' : [first-person plural pronoun] : we, us, ourselves (inclusive of you) 
*''rojo'' : pet
*''rotkho'' : flesh, skin, hide
*''rube'' : ground, soil, earth
*''ruq'a'' : fire, flame
*''ruq'aara'' : (v.) to anoint, to sanctify (derived from the verb: q'aara)
*''ruq'echkha'' : (v.) to burn, to shine, to illuminate
*''ruq'ota'' : (v.) to burn, to scorch (derived from the verb: ot'a)
**''ruq'otoza'' : (Reduplicative Form)
*''ruq'otaq'u'' : (v.) to burn something, to incinerate
*''ruubakha'' : (v.) to destroy, to obliterate (derived from the verb: bakha) (See also: ghunu)
*''ruujaya'' : (v.) to hurry, to hustle, to come quickly (derived from the verb: jaya)
*''ruuk'ina'' : (v.) to attack (derived from the verb: k'ina)
*''ruukhawa'' : (v.) to mandate, to order, to command (derived from the verb: khawa)
*''ruunujuq'u'' : (v.) to weaken, to mitigate something
*''ruupkhada'' : (v.) to prevent, to stop (derived from the verb: pkhada)
*''ruuq'ontu'' : reeducation
*''ruuq'uuka'' : punishment, chastisement
*''ruut'iya'' : (''v.'') to activate (derived from the verb: t'iya)
*''ruut'sage'' : (v.) to light, to kindle, to ignite, to set fire to (derived from the verb: ts'age)
 
===S===
*''saatu'' : absolutely
*''Sangheli'' : (''prop.n.'') [[Sanghelios]]
*''satkha'' : (v.) to be certain, to be sure
**''sasatkha'' : (Reduplicative Form) emphatically sure
*''shaadat'u'' : loyalty
*''shak'o'' : route, path, way
*''shandeta'' : ages, generations
*''Shandi'' : (''prop.n.'') [[The Covenant]]
*''siit'a'' : (v.) to call (out to)
*''skhala'' : hammer, mallet
*''skhuro'' : kind, sort, type
*''shkhii'' : odor, smell, stench
*''shkhoot'u'' : sign, signal
*''shkhop'o'' : (v.) to mark, to point
*''suung'' : heart
 
===T===
*''t'edaaq'u'' : (v.) to purify, to make clean or pure
*''T'elo'' : (''prop.n.'')  A male given name. Latinized as Thel.  — '''T'elo Badami'''
*''t'ichin'' : (v.) to insult, to ridicule (derived from the verb: ch'in)
*''t'ighaina'' : (v.) to hear and understand, to read one another (derived from the verb: ghaina)
*''t'iis'' : word
*''t'iiwa'' : (v.) to doubt, to disbelieve
**''t'iiweya'' : doubt not
*''t'iiwajo'' : ones who doubt, infidels, heretic(s)
*''t'ik'utkho'' : (v.) to argue, to dispute (derived from the verb: k'utkho)
*''t'ikhawa'' : (v.) to speak, to chat (derived from the verb: khawa)
*''t'ikhori'' : communications
*''t'iloshkho'' : (v.) to inform, to tell, to say to (derived from the verb: loshkho)
*''t'injuqkhuujo'' : arbiter(s)
*''t'ipekkha'' : (v.) to suggest, to propose (derived from the verb: p'ekkha)
*''t'ishkhop'o'' : (v.) to accuse, to blame (derived from the verb: shkhop'o)
*''t'isiit'a'' : (v.) to contact, to communicate (derived from the verb: siit'a)
*''t'isiit'agha'' : transmission
*''t'iskina'' (v.) to whisper, to mutter (derived from the verb: k'ina)
*''t'iskinagha'' : rumor, rumors, whispering, whispers
*''t'ispkhada'' : (v.) to deny, to oppose (derived from the verb: pkhada)
*''t'ispkhadajo'' : ones who deny or dare oppose
*''t'isqukho'' : (v.) to release, to let loose, to unleash
*''t'iswaqkho'' : (v.) to permit, to allow, to sanction (derived from the verb: waqkho)
*''t'iya'' : (v.) to live, to be alive, to manifest
*''t'iyaq'u'' : (v.) to bring to life, to make something manifest
*''t'iyat'u'' : life, lives, existence
*''t'ongu'' : (v.) to meet
**''t'odongu'' : (Reduplicated Form)
*''t'ulu'' : bone
 
*''tkha'' : ❶ [inanimate third-person singular pronoun] : it — ❷ [distal demonstrative determiner] : that
*''tkhaari'' : ❶ [inanimate third-person plural pronoun] : they — ❷ [distal demonstrative plural pronoun] : those, those ones
*''tkhaas'' : there, over there
**''tkhaas oni'' : to there, that way
*''tkhahana'' : (v.) to finish, to conclude, to end something
*''tkhazhi'' : then, and then
*''tkhet'a'' : species, people, folk, kin (''tkhet'a'' literally means a nest or den)
**''tkhet'a ga'' : please (directly translating to ''"Of the people"'' or ''"For the people"'')
**''Tkhet'a ghap'awatan!'' : (idiomatic, vulgar) (literally meaning ''"a stomped nest"'') expresses a misfortune or unfortunate circumstances : ''"Shit out of luck!"''
*''tkhop'o'' : (v.) to name
**''tkhaadop'o'' : (Reduplicative Form)  were naming
*''tkhu'' : (n.) thing, object
*''tkhunga'' : (v.) to send, to deliver
*''tkhungat'u'' : herald, bearer
*''tkhuyujo'' : ancients, forerunner(s)
 
*''ts'aha'' : (v.) to be at, to be in proximity
**''ts'aatsaha'' : (Reduplicative Form)
*''ts'ukho'' :  (v.) to be
**''ts'uutsukho'' : (Reduplicative Form)
**''ts'ukhi'' : come to be, turn out to be, was
*''ts'uuchaga'' : (''intj.'') yes, will be, it shall be so
*''ts'uutsughaleya'' : impossible, cannot be possible
*''tskha'' : (v.) to do
 
===U===
*''uro'' : (''n.'') claw, nail
*''Ut'o'' : (''prop.n.'')  A male given name — '''Ut'o Madama'''
*''uuri'' : very much, nearly, fairly, quite
*''uutu'' : evil
*''uzo'' : [medial demonstrative singular pronoun] : that, that one
 
===W===
*''waaka'' : (''n.'') gift, present, talent
*''waqkho'' : (''v.'') to give, to grant, to offer
*''warut'o'' : (''v.'') to go, to move forward, to charge (inspired by ''"wort"'' from the games)
**''q'awarut'o'' : continue on, onward
*''waruutu'' : (''n.'') journey, voyage, expedition
*''watkho'' : (''v.'') to fear, to be afraid of
*''wele'' : (''n.'') ship, vessel
*''welegoja'' : (''n.'') bridge (''nautical''), command center
*''welema'' : (''v.'') to board  (derived from the verb: ema)
*''welekkhosa'' : (''v.'') to retreat (derived from the verb: kkhosa)
*''welit'ari'' : (''n.'') fleet
*''wighe'' : (''n.'') ash, cinder
 
===Y===
*''yaala'' : (''n.'') body
*''yodu'' : (''adv.'') soon
 
===Z===
*''zap'atu'' : (''n.'') victory, a win
*''zaya'' : (v.) to expand
**''zaazaya'' : (Reduplicative Form)  were expanding
*''ze'' : and (when used to coordinate adjectives) (See also: nizhi)
*''zhaan'' : day
*''zhi'' : [postposition] : into, in (illative) ; of (genitive)
*''zhiiqo'' : time, times
*''zhuro'' : weapon(s)
*''zo'' : [medial demonstrative determiner] : that
*''zuri'' : [medial demonstrative plural pronoun] : those, those ones
 
 
===Uncertain Vocabulary===
The following words do not appear frequently in Peterson's translations.
 
*''asho'' : blue
*''ch'intu'' : wound
**''bach'intu'' : scratch, little wound
*''bank'ina'' : (v.) to ignore, to disregard (derived from the verb: k'ina)
*''has'' : sun
*''juushkhop'o'' : (v.) to specify, to clarify (derived from the verb: shkhop'o)
*''kheyua'' : (v.) to grasp, to take up, to grab (derived from the verb: yua)
*''lushkho'' : star
*''ngodza'' : metal
*''p'uko'' : book
*''q'iskhe'' : (v.) to appear intact, to be whole/complete
*''res'' : to die
*''ruubaabaacho'' : intruder(s)
*''ts'age'' : (v.) to glow, to shine
*''ts'epa'' : rod
*''yua'' : (v.) to take hold of, to grab
*''zhiija'' : appropriately, rightly, suitably


==Sources==
==Sources==
Lord Susto
6,346

edits

Retrieved from "https://www.halopedia.org/Special:MobileDiff/1630918...1650028"