@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Status|RealWorld}}
 {{#widget:YouTube|id=bnJ0Y4So_Cc|width=400|right}}
-'''Sangheili''' is a constructed language created for the ''[[Halo: The Television Series]]'' co-created by linguists [[Wikipedia:David J. Peterson|David J. Peterson]], creator of the Dothraki language used in ''Game of Thrones'',{{Ref/Twitter|k_wolfkill|1507493397807788032|Kiki Wolfkill|Quote=@CharlieBMurphy literally learned an entire new language and performed beautifully in that language.  Unreal. Language created by David Peterson who created Dothraki for GoT #HaloWatchParty|D=25|M=03|Y=2022}} and Carl Buck.{{Ref/Twitter|tlacamazatl|1506947170490060800|C. Buck|Quote=If you have #ParamountPlus, are a fan of #HaloSeries , and enjoy a good #conlang. You might be interested to know that I helped @Dedalvs develop the language for the Covenant.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}} Both conlangers began jointly developing the Sangheili language nearly three years prior to the series premiere.<ref>[https://archiveofourown.org/series/2828287 Archive of Our Own -  Conlang Dialogue: Halo (Paramount+)]</ref> By early [[2022]], Carl Buck estimated they had crafted close to 250 Sangheili words, those being base words and not variations of verbs and nouns. Actress [[Wikipedia:Charlie Murphy (actress)|Charlie Murphy]] learned to speak Sangheili for her role as [[Makee]] on the show and was noted to have done a phenomenal job capturing the emphasis, pitch and pronunciations of the alien language.{{Ref/YouTube|Id=S101|bnJ0Y4So_Cc|Halo The Series|Learn To Speak Sangheili|Y=2023|M=8|D=28}}
+'''Sangheili''' is a constructed language created for the ''[[Halo: The Television Series]]'' co-created by linguists [[Wikipedia:David J. Peterson|David J. Peterson]], creator of the Dothraki and Valyrian languages used in ''Game of Thrones'' and Chakobsa language in ''Dune'' (''Parts 1 & 2''){{Ref/Twitter|k_wolfkill|1507493397807788032|Kiki Wolfkill|Quote=@CharlieBMurphy literally learned an entire new language and performed beautifully in that language.  Unreal. Language created by David Peterson who created Dothraki for GoT #HaloWatchParty|D=25|M=03|Y=2022}}, and Carl Buck.{{Ref/Twitter|tlacamazatl|1506947170490060800|C. Buck|Quote=If you have #ParamountPlus, are a fan of #HaloSeries , and enjoy a good #conlang. You might be interested to know that I helped @Dedalvs develop the language for the Covenant.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}} Both conlangers began jointly developing the Sangheili language nearly three years prior to the series premiere.<ref>[https://archiveofourown.org/series/2828287 Archive of Our Own -  Conlang Dialogue: Halo (Paramount+)]</ref> By early [[2022]], Carl Buck estimated they had crafted close to 250 Sangheili words, those being base words and not variations of verbs and nouns. Actress [[Wikipedia:Charlie Murphy (actress)|Charlie Murphy]] learned to speak Sangheili for her role as [[Makee]] on the show and was noted to have done a phenomenal job capturing the emphasis, pitch and pronunciations of the alien language.{{Ref/YouTube|Id=S101|bnJ0Y4So_Cc|Halo The Series|Learn To Speak Sangheili|Y=2023|M=8|D=28}}
 Peterson posts transcripts for the words and their translations on his [https://wiki.languageinvention.com/index.php?title=Sangheili_language language wiki], as well as in a series of posts on ''Archive of Our Own'', accessible [https://archiveofourown.org/series/2828287 here]. See also [https://dedalvs.com/work/halo/ David Peterson's records here] and his additional informative [https://www.halopedia.org/Archive:Twitter_-_David_J._Peterson_Sangheili_primer Tweets archived here].
@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 {{#widget:YouTube|id=sS7dXXBmOqU|width=350|gallery}}
 {{#widget:YouTube|id=JsjB9g176EU|width=350|gallery}}
+{{#widget:YouTube|id=Hw73SWQe3iQ|width=350|gallery}}
+==About==
+During the development of Paramount+'s ''Halo'' adaptation, [[343 Industries]] consulted with David Peterson and Carl Buck to examine the Elites as language experts, and then create a more robust and complete Sangheili language which reflected their actual physiology.{{Ref/Site|Id=Debrief|URL=https://www.halowaypoint.com/news/silver-debrief-unmasked|Site=Halo Waypoint|Page=Silver Debrief: Unmasked|D=12|M=3|Y=2024}} The language they devised for the series borrowed minimally from past ''Halo'' material and video games as previous dialogue crafted for Covenant speak was primarily gibberish.{{Ref/Site|Id=Imeimei|URL=https://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/741879670666100736/re-inspiration-not-really-it-was-all-gibberish|Site=Tumblr|Page=Dedalvs|Quote=Inspiration, not really. It was all gibberish. Specifically, for the later games, they’d just throw the lines into Google Translate, translate them to Japanese, reverse them, and have the voice actors read it. This is rather common for video games.|D=12|M=3|Y=2024}} For instance the word "''domo''" for "human" and the negative "''eya''" come directly from the latter games. The games' famous word "''wort''"  for "go" did not fit phonologically and was altered to "''warut'o''."
 ==Overview==
@@ Line 335: / Line 339: @@
 ::'''<u>K'uucho o</u> domo ruuk'inatan''' — ''"<u>the warrior</u> attacked the human"''
-:::*K'uucho is followed by ''o'' because it's the warrior that caused the attack on the human. Domo gets no mark.
+:::*K'uucho is followed by ''o'' because it's the warrior that caused the attack on the human. Domo, the recipient in the sentence, gets no mark.
 ::'''<u>K'uucho</u> mejayatan''' — ''"<u>the warrior</u> is ready"''
@@ Line 399: / Line 403: @@
 !Ergative
 | o
-| Used after a noun to mark it as the subject of a transitive verb (a verb with an object).
+| Used after a noun to mark it as the subject of a transitive verb (a verb that accepts an object).
 |-style="text-align: center
 !Illative
@@ Line 413: / Line 417: @@
 | Used to address or gain someone's attention directly. "Hey, Oh, ''O ye''..."
 |}
+[[File:Sangheili conlang cases.png|thumb|350px|Sangheili locative cases.]]
 The locative cases are analogous to the following English prepositions{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511092864859602944|David J. Peterson|Quote=The locative cases are analogous to the following English prepositions: Ablative: wele ga “from the ship” Adessive: wele ni “on the ship” Allative: wele oni “to the ship” Elative: wele ba “out of the ship” Illative: wele zhi “into the ship” Inessive: wele me “in the ship"|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}}:
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-! Locative Case !! Example !! Translation
+! Locative Case !! Example !! Translation !! Example Sentences
 |-style="text-align: center
 ! Ga
 | wele ga
 | from the ship, away from the ship
+| K'uucho wele ga jayatan.  (''The warriors came from the ship.'')
 |-style="text-align: center
 ! Ni
 | wele ni
 | by the ship, on the ship
+| K'uucho welegoja ni ts'aha.  (''The warriors are on the bridge.'')
 |-style="text-align: center
 ! Oni
 | wele oni
 | onto the ship
+| Wele oni warut'o!  (''Go to the ship!'')
 |-style="text-align: center
 ! Ba
 | wele ba
 | out of the ship
+| K'uucho wele ba jayatan.  (''The warrior came out of the ship.'')
 |-style="text-align: center
 ! Zhi
 | wele zhi
 | into the ship
+| K'uucho wele zhi waruutan.  (''The warrior went into the ship.'')
 |-style="text-align: center
 ! Me
 | wele me
 | inside the ship, within the ship
+| K'uucho wele me ts'aha.  (''The warriors are in the ship.'')
 |}
@@ Line 511: / Line 521: @@
 | akke (hand)
 | general instrumental; also specifically utilizing the hand
-| ''khe'' + ch'imo (to collect) → khech'imo (to bring)
+| ''khe'' + ch'imo (to collect) → khech'imo (to retrieve)
 |-style="text-align: center
 ! juu (n)-
@@ Line 545: / Line 555: @@
 |}
-*Suffixes also play a role in forming additional derivations in verbs. A common suffix, '''-jo''', is utilized for forming agent nouns (e.g. teach''-er'', visit''-ors''). Another suffix, '''-t'u''' (or '''-tu'''), is employed to create nominalizations.
+*Suffixes also play a role in forming additional derivations in verbs. A common suffix, '''-jo''', is utilized for forming agent nouns (e.g. teach''-er'', visit''-ors'').
 ::*'''Maaro''' (seek) → '''maarojo''' (search team, searchers)
 ::*'''Moq'aara''' (have faith) → '''moq'aajo''' (zealots)
+*Another suffix, '''-t'u''' (or '''-tu'''), is employed to create nominalizations.
 ::*'''Ts'aha''' (be at) → '''ts'ahat'u''' (presence)
 ::*'''Hai''' (be able / have ability) → '''hait'u''' (strength, might)
+*The suffix '''-q'u''' (or '''-qu''') in Sangheili means "to make," "cause to be," "render," or "become." It transforms regular verbs into causative verbs, indicating an action that causes something to happen or come into being.
+::*'''T'iya''' (to live) → '''t'iyaq'u''' (to bring to life, cause to manifest)
+::*'''Ruq'ota''' (to burn) → '''ruq'otaq'u''' (to burn something, to incinerate)
+::*'''Oq'o''' (have honor) → '''oq'oqu''' (to render honor to something or someone)
@@ Line 586: / Line 608: @@
 | '''Future''' <br/><br/><small>(An action will come in the future)</small> || '''Future''' <br/><br/><small>(A state or condition will occur later)</small> || -(i)jaga (or -chaga)
 |}
+* Every Sangheili verb has a reduplicated form, which may occasionally deviate from regular patterns, yet remains somewhat foreseeable.
+* Verbs in both the indicative and interrogative modes have positive and negative forms as well.
@@ Line 603: / Line 629: @@
 ''Example questions'':
-* ''Ghashank'o. Mu sachahe?'' - The demon. He's sure?
+* ''Ghashank'o. Mu sachahe?'' — The demon. He's sure?
-* ''K'e sachahe, Hirajo?'' - Are you certain, Blessed One?
+* ''K'e sachahe, Hirajo?'' — Are you certain, Blessed One?
-* ''Ikhi k'e o ch'anik'ojahe?'' - Do you see now?
+* ''Ikhi k'e o ch'anik'ojahe?'' — Do you see now?
-* ''Q'a riin ni tkha jayetanjahe?'' - But it did not make its way back to us?
+* ''Q'a riin ni tkha jayetanjahe?'' — But it did not make its way back to us?
-* ''Juukhojo ine ga waawotkhijahe?'' - This is what the prophets fear?
+* ''Juukhojo ine ga waawotkhijahe?'' — This is what the prophets fear?
+===<u>Copular constructions</u>===
+Sangheili generally uses zero-copula constructions, meaning the copular verb "to be" (and its forms: am, is, are) is often dropped from sentences when the meaning is understood from the context.
+::* ''K'uucho haala.'' — The warrior is strong. ("The warrior strong")
+::* ''Ne bekkhajo riin o maamaro gha.'' — This creature is what we seek. ("This creature what we seek")
+::* ''Ine ii zap'atu.'' — This was no victory. ("This not victory")
+However, Sangheili does have a locative copula, <u>ts'aha</u> (to be at):
+::* ''Maamaro gha ogha ni <u>ts'aha</u>''. — "What we seek <u>is</u> close."
+::* ''Ghaamos riin nis <u>ts'aha</u>?'' — "Why <u>are</u> we here?"
@@ Line 627: / Line 669: @@
 | '''Ghaakhe'''
 | how much
+|-
+| '''Ghaamos'''
+| why, how come
+|-
+| '''Ghaijo'''
+| who
 |}
@@ Line 647: / Line 695: @@
 |-align="center"
 ! Negative (indicating absence)
-| ii - ''not, none''|| colspan=2 | ngajo - ''no one, nobody''|| ngamaas - ''nowhere''
+| ii - ''no, not''|| colspan=2 | ngajo - ''none, no one''|| ngamaas - ''nowhere''
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 667: / Line 715: @@
 |}
-==Sangheili lines & outtakes by David Peterson==
+==Sangheili lines & outtakes==
 {{Center|— [[Halopedia:Projects/Season 1 Sangheili dialogue|Season 1 Sangheili Dialogue]] —}}
@@ Line 685: / Line 733: @@
 | Qkhe p'os. Sugakho. || (Oh shit) ([[Needler]])
 |-
-| Yodu Shandi ni Ch'awaruut'u ba pumo jayajaga. || Soon the Covenant will begin it's Great Journey.
+| Yodu Shandi ni Ch'awaruut'u ba pumo jayajaga. || Soon the Covenant will begin it's Great Journey. (Soon the start of the Covenant's Great Journey will come.)
 |}
@@ Line 877: / Line 925: @@
 </gallery>
-==Vocabulary==
+==Vocabulary List==
 ===Transcribed words===
 The following words were transcribed phonetically and showcased in Episode 4 of the TV series.
@@ Line 893: / Line 941: @@
 *''Ch'adomo'' : Spartan(s)
 *''Ch'ambuujo'' : Hierarch(s)
-*''Ch'anggagomo'' : [[Halo Array|Halo]], The Halo Ring
+*''Ch'anggagomo'' : [[Halo Array|Halo]], the Ring
 **''Qkhado Ch'anggagomo'' : The Sacred Ring, The Holy Ring
 *''Ch'awaruutu'' : The Journey
@@ Line 905: / Line 953: @@
 *''Mak'ii'' : [[Makee]]
 *''Oq'ogakha'' : [[Keystone]]
+*''Q'aatu'' : Prophet of Truth
 *''Q'iitu'' : [[Prophet of Mercy/Silver|Prophet of Mercy]]
 *''Sangheli'' : Sangheili
@@ Line 921: / Line 970: @@
 *''baashkhi'' : hundreds
 *''baaska'' : trap
+*''baat'u'' : safety
+*''bats'a'' : (v.) to bind, to be bound
 *''baazhi'' : before, prior
+*''baghiit'u'' : ignorance
 *''bak'ontu'' : justice, righteousness
 *''bakha'' : (v.) to burst, to explode
@@ Line 930: / Line 982: @@
 *''banghaina'' : (v.) to sense, to detect, to perceive (derived from the verb: ghaina)
 *''bank'utkho'' : (v.) to defend, to resist (derived from k'utkho, bank'utkho literally means "to fight with the back" and by metaph. extension, "to fight back")
-*''baqkhat'a'' : shield(s)
+*''baqkhat'a'' : shield, defenses; (v.) to shield, to shelter (derived from the verb: qkhat'a)
-*''Baro'' : [Proper Noun] : A male given name. Latinized as Var.
+*''Baro'' : [Proper Noun] : A male given name. Latinized as Var. — '''Baro Gat'anai'''
 *''bekkhajo'' : creature, animal
 *''bit'a'' : (v.) to bear, to carry, to hold
@@ Line 943: / Line 995: @@
 *''ch'adonu'' : (v.) to notice, to pay attention (derived from the verb: donu)
 *''ch'adzuma'' : dangerous
+*''ch'amaaro'' :  (v.) to look at, to glance at (derived from the verb: maaro)
 *''ch'ambuujo'' : hierarch(s)
 *''ch'ana'' : (v.) to read
@@ Line 950: / Line 1,003: @@
 *''ch'anghutkho'' : combat, skirmish
 *''ch'anik'o'' : (v.) to see
-**''ch'anik'otan'' : saw
-**''ch'anik'oji'' : seen
 *''ch'ano'' : head
 *''ch'anopkho'' : (v.) to atone, to redeem a fault (derived from the verb: opkho)
@@ Line 963: / Line 1,014: @@
 *''ch'aqkhosa'' : (v.) to push forward
 *''ch'awaat'u'' : charity
+*''ch'awaqkho'' : (v.) to restore (derived from the verb: waqkho)
+*''ch'i'' : third
 *''ch'imo'' : (v.) to take, to get, to gather, to collect
 *''ch'in'' : (v.) to take, to seize (ch'in literally means to stab; to pierce)
@@ Line 969: / Line 1,022: @@
 *''chkha'a'' : (v.) to hunt, to pursue
 **''chkhaaja'a'' : (Reduplicative Form)
-*''chkhan'' : all, whole, endless
+*''Chkhaa pkha!'' : (idiomatic, vulgar) ''expresses contempt'' : Fuck you!
+*''chkhan'' : all, whole, entire
 **''chkhan ba'' : all by
 **''chkhan ni'' : over all
@@ Line 994: / Line 1,048: @@
 *''dzumema'' : (v.) to conquer, to subjugate (derived from the verb: ema)
 *''dzumu'' : (v.) to be sharp
+*''dzuqkhost'u'' : treachery
 *''dzushkhop'o'' : (v.) to aim, to target (derived from the verb: shkhop'o)
 *''dzushkhoomo'' : target
@@ Line 1,012: / Line 1,067: @@
 *''gaich'in'' : (v.) to be wrong (derived from the verb: ch'in)
 *''gaiduje'' : (v.) to sully, to dirty, to pollute (derived from the verb: duje)
-*''gaighap'awa'' : (v.) to offend, to bug
+*''gaighap'awa'' : (v.) to offend (derived from the verb: ghap'awa)
 *''gaijaat'u'' : malfunction
-*''gaik'inat'u'' : regret, one who is regretful
+*''gaijaya'' :  (v.) to approach, to come near, to draw close (derived form the verb: jaya)
+*''gaik'ina'' : (v.) to regret (derived from the verb: k'ina)
+*''gaik'inat'u'' : regret
 *''gaikhawa'' : (v.) to guess, to predict (derived from the verb: khawa)
 *''gaikkhaajo'' : ones who believe, believers
-*''gaikkhat'a'' : (v.) to believe
+*''gaikkhat'a'' : (v.) to believe, to anticipate
+*''gaimaaro'' : (v.) to hope, to hope for, to expect (derived from the verb: maaro)
 *''gaiwarut'o'' : (v.) to become lost, to be astray (derived from the verb: warut'o)
 *''gakha'' : rocks, stones
-*''gawaacho'' : priest(s)
+*''gawaacho'' : ones who make sacrifices or present offerings, priest(s)
+*''gawaaka'' : sacrifice, offering
+*''gazhumaaka'' : alert; (v.) to alert, to warn, to give warning to
 *''gha'' : what (pronoun)
 *''ghaaba'' : (v.) to decay, to rot
@@ Line 1,032: / Line 1,092: @@
 *''ghaina'' : (v.) to hear
 *''ghajaya'' : (v.) to return, to come back (derived from the verb: jaya)
-*''ghakhawa'' : (v.) to blaspheme
+*''ghakhawa'' : (v.) to blaspheme (derived from the verb: khawa)
 *''ghakhot'u'' : blasphemy
 *''ghamaaziit'u'' : jealousy
+*''ghap'awa'' : (v.) to step
+*''ghap'awagha'' : step
 *''ghaq'aaga'' : map, chart
 *''ghashango'' : (v.) to accompany, to follow to join
@@ Line 1,042: / Line 1,104: @@
 **''ghat'iiweya'' : do not hesitate
 *''ghats'aha'' : (v.) to be situated, to lie in place, to remain (derived from the verb: ts'aha)
+*''ghats'aatu'' : remainder, remaining
 *''ghu'' : [postposition] : O (vocative) (Occurs with the addressed or called-out elements.)
 *''ghunu'' : (v.) to destroy, to eliminate (See also: ruubakha)
 *''ghuuri'' : many, much
 *''goja'' : top, above
+*''guro'' : (v.) to want, to desire, to wish
 *''guujo'' : ones who guide
 *''guulo'' : master(s)
-*''gwigha'' : direction, instruction
+*''gwigha'' : direction, instruction, orders
 ===H===
@@ Line 1,060: / Line 1,124: @@
 *''hira'' : (v.) to bless, to praise
 *''hirat'u'' : blessing, praising
-*''hirajo'' : one who is blessed
+*''hirajo'' : ones who are blessed
-*''hodu'' : (v.) to wait, to pause
+*''hodu'' : (v.) to wait, to pause (and by extension: to await)
 *''hunt'u'' : radiation, radiance
 ===I===
+*''ii'' : [negative demonstrative determiner] : no, not
 *''iiku'' : (v.) to know (information), to be familiar with
 **''iik'uya'' : know not
@@ Line 1,074: / Line 1,139: @@
 **''ikhi ga'' : right now, right away
 **''ikhi jaya'' : come quickly, come now
+*''ine'' : this, this one; proximal demonstrative singular pronoun
 ===J===
-*''jaari'' : [First Person Plural] : we, us, ourselves (exclusive of you)
+*''jaari'' : [First Person Plural pronoun] : we, us, ourselves (exclusive of you)
 *''jaja'' : maybe, perhaps
-*''jan'' : [First Person Singular] : I, me, myself
+*''jan'' : [First Person Singular pronoun] : I, me, myself
 *''jaya'' : (v.) to come, to arrive
 **''jejaya'' : (Reduplicative Form)
 **''jayaleya'' : can not arrive
-**''jayatan'' : arrived
 *''ju'' : one
-*''juq'u'' : (v.) to connect, to join, to unite
+*''juq'u'' : (v.) to make or become one, to join, to unite
 *''juubaat'u'' : destiny, fate
 *''juubit'a'' : (v.) to secure (derived from the verb: bit'a)
 *''juuch'in'' : (v.) to accept, to adopt, to embrace (Also "to appreciate" and "to be grateful") (derived from the verb: ch'in)
+*''juuch'imo'' : (v.) to accept (in a broad sense), to take (receive) (derived from the verb: ch'imo)
 *''juudonu'' : (v.) to flank (derived from the verb: donu)
 *''juukhawa'' : (v.) to claim, to declare, to profess (derived from the verb: khawa)
-*''juukhojo'' : one who prophesies, prophet(s)
+*''juukhojo'' : ones who prophesy, prophet(s)
 *''juukhot'u'' : prophecy
+*''juuluumo'' : legacy
+*''juumatkha'' : (v.) to kill with certainty (derived from the verb: matkha)
 *''juun'' : upper mandible
 *''juunduje'' : (v.) to make look good, act good, perform well (derived from the verb: duje)
-*''juutkhaadola'' : enough
+*''juunik'o'' : (v.)  to foresee, to see ahead
+*''juunik'otu'' : sight, seeing
+*''juusatkha'' : of course (from the verb: satkha)
+*''juusiit'a'' : (v.) to summon, to invoke (derived from the verb: siit'a)
+*''juutkhola'' : enough
+**''juutkhaadola'' : (Reduplicative Form) : enough, that's enough
 *''juutkhaat'u'' : defeat
@@ Line 1,101: / Line 1,174: @@
 *''k'aaje'' : shame, fall; (v.) to shame
 *''k'aidon'' : kaidon
-*''k'e'' : [Second Person Singular] : you, yourself
+*''k'e'' : [Second Person Singular pronoun] : you, yourself
-*''K'elo'' : [Proper Noun] : A male given name. Latinized as Kel.
+*''K'elo'' : [Proper Noun] : A male given name. Latinized as Kel. — '''K'elo Daasamu'''
 *''k'ena'' : (v.) to choose, to select, to decide on
 *''k'enjo'' : ones who are chosen
-*''k'iri'' : [Second Person Plural] : you, you all, yourselves
+*''k'iri'' : [Second Person Plural pronoun] : you, you all, yourselves
 *''k'iis'' : light
 *''k'iisho'' : [[luminary]]
@@ Line 1,116: / Line 1,189: @@
 *''k'unjo'' : another, others, the rest
 *''k'utkho'' : (v.) to fight
-*''k'uucho'' : warrior(s), fighter(s)
+*''k'uucho'' : ones who fight, warrior(s), soldier(s)
 *''khaayagha'' : profit, benefit
 *''khaayajo'' : someone of worth, value, or importance
@@ Line 1,122: / Line 1,195: @@
 *''khayema'' : (v.) to scale by hand (derived from the verb: ema)
 *''khebit'a'' : (v.) to have, to possess, to retain (derived from the verb: bit'a)
-*''khebit'ajo'' : one who possesses a common quality, someone who shares a similarity
+*''khebit'ajo'' : one who possesses a common quality, ones with a similarity
 *''khech'imo'': (v.) to retrieve, to get and bring back, to reclaim (derived from the verb: ch'imo)
 *''khekhawa'' : (v.) to respond (derived from the verb: khawa)
@@ Line 1,134: / Line 1,207: @@
 *''khobuugha'' : gun, firearm
 *''khoya'' : wise
-*''khuut'a'' : brother(s), kin
+*''khuut'a'' : brother(s), kin, same
 *''khuzho'' : [Reflexive Pronoun] : one's self; myself, yourself, themselves, itself
-*''kkhaaya'' : (v.) to be worthy of
+*''kkhaaya'' : (v.) to be worthy, to have value, to matter
 **''kkhaayeya'' : not worthy, hardly worth
-*''kkhagadza'' : correct, affirmative, that's right
+*''kkhadza'' : (v.) to be correct, to be right
+**''kkhagadza'' : (Reduplicative Form) correct, that's right
+*''kkhadzat'u'' : right , rightful
 *''kkhago'' : ring, circle ; (v.) to circle, to surround
 *''kkhosa'' : (v.) to flee
+*''kkhotskha'' : (v.) to be ruined, to have been put in a broken or fallen state
 ===L===
@@ Line 1,152: / Line 1,228: @@
 ===M===
 *''maaro'' : (v.) to find, to look for, to seek
-**''maarotan'' : found
+**''maamaro'' : (Reduplicative Form)
+***''q'amaamaro'' : keep on searching
 **''q'amaaro'' : keep looking, continue looking
 *''maarot'u'' : a search, exploration, quest
@@ Line 1,158: / Line 1,235: @@
 *''maaziit'u'' : revenge, hatred, vendetta
 *''maikhu'' : tool, device
+*''maskhit'u'' : temper
 *''matkha'' : (v.) to kill, to slay
 **''matkhaji'' : killed, slew
@@ Line 1,164: / Line 1,242: @@
 *''mech'imo'' : (v.) to take with, to bring, to obtain (derived from the verb: ch'imo)
 *''mech'in'' : (v.) to cut, to rip
+*''mechkhuut'u'' : redemption
 *''meghizit'u'' : mission
 *''mejaya'' : (v.) to prepare, to be ready
-**''mejayajo'' : preparing
+*''mejayaq'u'' : (v.) to make ready, to prepare or equip something
-**''mejayaq'u'' : get equipped
 *''mekhu'' : instrument (see also: maikhu)
 *''mep'uuka'' : interrogation
@@ Line 1,176: / Line 1,254: @@
 *''mogha'' : waves, surge
 *''mojaya'' : (v.) to remember (derived from the verb: jaya)
-*''moq'aara'' : (v.) to be pious, to have faith
+*''moq'aara'' : (v.) to have faith, to be pious or devout (derived from the verb: q'aara)
-**''moq'aaji'' : pious, devout
+*''moq'aajo'' : ones who have zealous faith, zealot(s)
-*''moq'aajo'' : zealot(s)
+*''moq'aatu'' : faith
 *''mos'' : brain, mind
 **''me mos ba'' : like, as, just as
-*''moshkhaa'' : (v.) to indicate
+*''moshkhop'o'' : (v.) to indicate (derived from the verb: shkhop'o)
 *''mosik'o'' : (v.) to think, to understand
 **''mosik'weya'' : do not understand
 *''mositskha'' : (v.) to intrigue, to fascinate (derived from the verb: itskha)
 *''mosone'' : counsel, advice
-*''mot'onguu'' :  (v.) to agree (derived from the verb: t'onguu)
+*''mot'ongu'' :  (v.) to agree (derived from the verb: t'ongu)
 *''mot'onguut'u'' : agreement, covenant, pact
 *''mots'aha'' : (v.) to leave behind, to abandon (derived from the verb: ts'aha)
-*''mu'' : [Third Person singular] : he/him/himself, she/her/herself, they/themself
+*''mu'' : [Third Person singular pronoun] : he/him/himself, she/her/herself, they/themself
 *''muni'' : (v.) to tire, to grow weary
-*''muuri'' : [Third Person plural] : they, them, themselves
+*''muuri'' : [Third Person plural pronoun] : they, them, themselves
 ===N===
@@ Line 1,198: / Line 1,276: @@
 *''naya'' : (v.) to fertilize an egg
 **''nenaya'' : (Reduplicative Form)  were fertilizing
+*''ne'' : [proximal demonstrative determiner] : this
 *''nejo'' : father(s)
 *''nga'' : nothing, without, absent
-*''ngajo'' : nobody, no one
+*''ngajo'' : nobody, no one, none
 *''ngani'' : need, must, require
+*''ngatkhet'a'' : (adj.) absent, missing
 *''ngeno'' : (v.) to save
 *''ngitkhagha'' : controls
@@ Line 1,208: / Line 1,288: @@
 *''nizhi'' : and (when used to coordinate nouns and sentences: also, in addition, about, as well) (See also: ze)
 *''nuju'' : (v.) to be weak, cowardly, pathethic
-*''nujujo'' : weakling, the weak, one who displays cowardice
+*''nujujo'' : weakling, the weak, ones who display cowardice
 *''nujut'u'' : weakness
@@ Line 1,219: / Line 1,299: @@
 *''opkho'' : (v.) to bend
 **''pkhaapkho'' : (Reduplicative Form)  were bending
-*''oq'o'' : (v.) to be great, glorious, noble, have honor
+*''oq'o'' : (v.) to be great, glorious, or noble, to have honor
 **''oq'eya'' : no honor
-*''oq'otu'' : glory
+*''oq'oqu'' : (v.) to render honor to something
+*''oq'otu'' : glory, honor
 *''oq'ogakha'' : the sacred stones
 *''ot'a'' : (v.) to suffer, to endure
@@ Line 1,229: / Line 1,310: @@
 *''p'aatu'' : pity
 *''p'ayut'u'' : exactly
+*''p'ekkha'' : (v.) to form, to shape
 *''p'es'' : worm
 *''p'ikhe'' : creature, animal
 *''p'uuka'' : question; (v.) to question, to ask
-*''pkha'' : [an auxiliary used for emphasis or to convey a sense of urgency] (really, greatly, definitely)
+*''pkha'' : [an interjection used for emphasis or to convey a sense of urgency] (really, greatly, definitely)
 *''pkhada'' :  (v.) to stop, to halt, to cease
 *''pkhot'a'' : in front of, before, facing
@@ Line 1,241: / Line 1,323: @@
 ===Q===
-*''q'a'' : but, but rather
+*''q'a'' : but, but rather, yet
+*''q'aara'' : true; (v.) to be true, to be loyal
+*''q'aatu'' : truth
 *''q'aha'' : (v.) to touch
 *''q'aya'' : simple
-*''q'on'' : (v.) to teach, to inform
+*''q'on'' : (v.) to teach, to instruct
 *''q'uho'' : (v.) to be silent, to quiet
 *''q'unqa'' : (v.) to forget, to forgive
 **''q'unqijaga'' : will forget
 *''q'ii'' : dead, death, demising
-*''q'iitu'' : mercy, one who is merciful
+*''q'iitu'' : mercy
 *''qkhaamo'' : shrine, temple
 *''qkhaat'u'' : holiness
-*''qkhaaq'u'' : consecrate
+*''qkhaaq'u'' : (v.) to consecrate, to make something holy
 *''qkhado'' : holy, sacred
 *''qkhadomo'' : divine beyond
 *''qkhan'' : enemy(ies)
+*''qkhat'a'' : (v.) to defend, to guard, to protect
 *''qkhe'' : [interjection] oh
 **''qkhe p'os'' : oh shit
@@ Line 1,270: / Line 1,355: @@
 **''riikhe oni'' : regroup, rally together
 **''riikhe zi'' : among, in company
-*''riin'' : [First Person Plural] : we, us, ourselves (inclusive of you)
+*''riin'' : [First Person Plural pronoun] : we, us, ourselves (inclusive of you)
 *''rojo'' : pet
 *''rotkho'' : flesh, skin, hide
 *''rube'' : ground, soil, earth
 *''ruq'a'' : fire, flame
+*''ruq'aara'' : (v.) to anoint, to sanctify (derived from the verb: q'aara)
 *''ruq'echkha'' : (v.) to burn, to shine, to illuminate
 *''ruq'ota'' : (v.) to burn, to scorch (derived from the verb: ot'a)
 **''ruq'otoza'' : (Reduplicative Form)
+*''ruq'otaq'u'' : (v.) to burn something, to incinerate
 *''ruubakha'' : (v.) to destroy, to obliterate (derived from the verb: bakha) (See also: ghunu)
 *''ruujaya'' : (v.) to hurry, to hustle, to come quickly (derived from the verb: jaya)
 *''ruuk'ina'' : (v.) to attack (derived from the verb: k'ina)
 *''ruukhawa'' : (v.) to command (derived from the verb: khawa)
+*''ruunujuq'u'' : (v.) to weaken, to mitigate something
+*''ruupkhada'' : (v.) to prevent, to stop (derived from the verb: pkhada)
 *''ruuq'ontu'' : reeducation
 *''ruuq'uuka'' : punishment, chastisement
@@ Line 1,294: / Line 1,383: @@
 *''shak'o'' : route, path, way
 *''shandeta'' : ages, generations
+*''siit'a'' : (v.) to call (out to)
 *''skhala'' : hammer, mallet
+*''skhuro'' : kind, sort, type
 *''shkhii'' : odor, smell, stench
 *''shkhoot'u'' : sign, signal
@@ Line 1,301: / Line 1,392: @@
 ===T===
-*''T'elo'' : [Proper Noun] : A male given name. Latinized as Thel.
+*''t'edaaq'u'' : (v.) to purify, to make clean or pure
+*''T'elo'' : [Proper Noun] : A male given name. Latinized as Thel.  — '''T'elo Badami'''
 *''t'ichin'' : (v.) to insult, to ridicule (derived from the verb: ch'in)
 *''t'ighaina'' : (v.) to hear and understand, to read one another (derived from the verb: ghaina)
@@ Line 1,307: / Line 1,399: @@
 *''t'iiwa'' : (v.) to doubt, to disbelieve
 **''t'iiweya'' : doubt not
-*''t'iiwajo'' : one who doubts, heretic(s)
+*''t'iiwajo'' : ones who doubt, infidels, heretic(s)
 *''t'ik'utkho'' : (v.) to argue, to dispute (derived from the verb: k'utkho)
 *''t'ikhawa'' : (v.) to speak, to chat (derived from the verb: khawa)
-*''t'iloshkho'' : (v.) to inform (derived from the verb: loshkho)
+*''t'ikhori'' : communications
+*''t'iloshkho'' : (v.) to inform, to tell, to say to (derived from the verb: loshkho)
 *''t'injuqkhuujo'' : arbiter(s)
+*''t'ipekkha'' : (v.) to suggest, to propose (derived from the verb: p'ekkha)
+*''t'ishkhop'o'' : (v.) to accuse, to blame (derived from the verb: shkhop'o)
+*''t'isiit'a'' : (v.) to contact, to communicate (derived from the verb: siit'a)
 *''t'isiit'agha'' : transmission
+*''t'iskina'' (v.) to whisper, to mutter (derived from the verb: k'ina)
 *''t'iskinagha'' : rumor, rumors, whispering, whispers
 *''t'ispkhada'' : (v.) to deny, to oppose (derived from the verb: pkhada)
@@ Line 1,319: / Line 1,416: @@
 *''t'iswaqkho'' : (v.) to permit, to allow, to sanction (derived from the verb: waqkho)
 *''t'iya'' : (v.) to live, to be alive, to manifest
+*''t'iyaq'u'' : (v.) to bring to life, to make something manifest
 *''t'iyat'u'' : life, lives, existence
-*''t'onguu'' : (v.) to meet
+*''t'ongu'' : (v.) to meet
+**''t'odongu'' : (Reduplicated Form)
 *''t'ulu'' : bone
-*''tkha'' : [Inanimate Third Person Singular] : it, itself, that
+*''tkha'' : [Inanimate Third Person Singular pronoun] : it; [distal demonstrative determiner] : that
-*''tkhaari'' : [Inanimate Third Person Plural] : those, them
+*''tkhaari'' : [Inanimate Third Person Plural pronoun] : those, them
 *''tkhaas'' : there, over there
 **''tkhaas oni'' : to there, that way
-*''tkhahan'' : (v.) to finish, to conclude
+*''tkhahana'' : (v.) to finish, to conclude, to end something
 *''tkhazhi'' : then, and then
-*''tkhet'a'' : species, people, kin, nest
+*''tkhet'a'' : species, people, folk, kin (''tkhet'a'' literally means a nest or den)
-**''tkhet'a ga'' : please (literally meaning ''Of the people'' or ''For the people'')
+**''tkhet'a ga'' : please (directly translating to ''"Of the people"'' or ''"For the people"'')
+**''Tkhet'a ghap'awatan!'' : (idiomatic, vulgar) ''expresses a misfortune or unfortunate circumstances'' : Shit out of luck!  (literally meaning ''"a stepped-on nest"'')
 *''tkhop'o'' : (v.) to name
 **''tkhaadop'o'' : (Reduplicative Form)  were naming
@@ Line 1,339: / Line 1,439: @@
 *''ts'aha'' : (v.) to be at, to be in proximity
+**''ts'aatsaha'' : (Reduplicative Form)
 *''ts'ukho'' :  (v.) to be
 **''ts'uutsukho'' : (reduplication) : (v.) to be emphatically true
@@ Line 1,348: / Line 1,449: @@
 ===U===
 *''uro'' : claws
-*''Uto'' : [Proper Noun] : A male given name.
+*''Ut'o'' : [Proper Noun] : A male given name. — '''Ut'o Madama'''
 *''uuri'' : very much, nearly, fairly, quite
 *''uutu'' : evil
@@ Line 1,354: / Line 1,455: @@
 ===W===
 *''waaka'' : gift, present
-**''gawaaka'' : sacrifice, offering
 *''waqkho'' : (v.) to give, to grant, to offer
 *''warut'o'' : (v.) to go, to move forward, to charge (inspired by ''wort'' from the games)
 **''q'awarut'o'' : continue on, onward
 *''waruutu'' : journey, voyage, expedition
-*''watkho'' : to fear, to be afraid of
+*''watkho'' : (v.) to fear, to be afraid of
 *''wele'' : ship, vessel
 *''welegoja'' : bridge (of a spaceship), command center
@@ Line 1,380: / Line 1,480: @@
 *''zhiiqo'' : time, times
 *''zhuro'' : weapon(s)
+*''zo'' : [medial demonstrative determiner] : that
 ===Uncertain Vocabulary===
@@ Line 1,387: / Line 1,488: @@
 *''ch'intu'' : wound
 **''bach'intu'' : scratch, little wound
-*''gazhumaaka'' : alert
+*''bank'ina'' : (v.) to ignore, to disregard (derived from the verb: k'ina)
 *''gwis'' : (v.) to lead, to guide
 *''has'' : sun
+*''juushkhop'o'' : (v.) to specify, to clarify (derived from the the verb: shkhop'o)
+*''kheyua'' : (v.) to grasp, to take up, to grab (derived from the verb: yua)
 *''lushkho'' : star
-*''ngatkhet'a'' : absent, missing
+*''ngodza'' : metal
-*''p'ekkha'' : (v.) to form, to shape
 *''p'uko'' : book
 *''q'iskhe'' : (v.) to appear intact, to be whole/complete
@@ Line 1,398: / Line 1,500: @@
 *''ruubaabaacho'' : intruder(s)
 *''ts'age'' : (v.) to glow, to shine
+*''ts'epa'' : rod
+*''yua'' : (v.) to take hold of, to grab
 *''zhiija'' : appropriately, rightly, suitably

Sangheili (language)/Silver: Difference between revisions

Sangheili (language)/Silver (edit)

Revision as of 03:26, May 21, 2024