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Sangheili (language)/Silver: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Sangheili, the language featured in the show, is an [[Wikipedia:Ergative–absolutive alignment|ergative–absolutive language]] spoken by the [[Sangheili]], as well as generally inside the Covenant, an alien alliance that worships the Halo Array. The language is a lightly inflectional head-final language with distinctive vowel length and ejectives. Similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Siouan languages|Siouan]] or [[Wikipedia:Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan languages]] of the North and Middle Americas, Sangheili has instrumental prefixes that can transform verb bases into entirely new verbs.{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511100010951110656|David J. Peterson|Quote=The other big table up there has less to do with grammar than the lexicon. The instrumental prefixes are used to derive new verbs from verb bases. It’s a little like how we have verbs like “deduce”, “produce”, “induce”, “adduce”, etc.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}} | Sangheili, the language featured in the show, is an [[Wikipedia:Ergative–absolutive alignment|ergative–absolutive language]] spoken by the [[Sangheili]], as well as generally inside the [[Covenant]], an alien alliance that worships the Halo Array. The language is a lightly inflectional head-final language with distinctive vowel length and ejectives. Similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Siouan languages|Siouan]] or [[Wikipedia:Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan languages]] of the North and Middle Americas, Sangheili has instrumental prefixes that can transform verb bases into entirely new verbs.{{Ref/Twitter|Dedalvs|1511100010951110656|David J. Peterson|Quote=The other big table up there has less to do with grammar than the lexicon. The instrumental prefixes are used to derive new verbs from verb bases. It’s a little like how we have verbs like “deduce”, “produce”, “induce”, “adduce”, etc.|D=6|M=04|Y=2022}} | ||
In the tradition of his other constructed languages, Peterson crafted the language by laying the groundwork with a proto-language known as Proto-Sangheili. This ancient Elite language evolved organically, undergoing both phonological and grammatical changes, eventually giving rise to the modern Sangheili language spoken throughout the Covenant Empire. | In the tradition of his other constructed languages, Peterson crafted the language by laying the groundwork with a proto-language known as Proto-Sangheili. This ancient Elite language evolved organically, undergoing both phonological and grammatical changes, eventually giving rise to the modern Sangheili language spoken throughout the Covenant Empire. | ||
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===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
Sangheili includes an inclusive/exclusive distinction in its First Person plural pronouns for "we, us, ourselves" ("riin" for "you and us" and "jaari" for "us and not you"). The Sangheili language also recognizes both animate and inanimate entities, but the Third Person singular pronoun "mu" makes no gender distinction between "he" (masculine) and "she" (feminine), acting neutral as "it | Sangheili includes an inclusive / exclusive distinction in its First Person plural pronouns for "we, us, ourselves" ("riin" for "you and us" and "jaari" for "us and not you"). The Sangheili language also recognizes both animate and inanimate entities, but the Third Person singular pronoun "mu" makes no gender distinction between "he" (masculine) and "she" (feminine), acting neutral as "it, itself, they". | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! rowspan=2 | !! rowspan=2 | Singular !! colspan=2 | Plural | ! rowspan=2 | !! rowspan=2 | Singular !! colspan=2 | Plural | ||
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*''Hirajo'' : Blessed One | *''Hirajo'' : Blessed One | ||
*''Juukhojo'' : Prophet(s) | *''Juukhojo'' : Prophet(s) | ||
*''Maduriga'': [[Madrigal]] | *''Maduriga'': [[Madrigal]] | ||
*''Mak'ii'' : Makee | *''Mak'ii'' : Makee | ||
*''Oq'ogakha'' : [[Keystone]] | *''Oq'ogakha'' : [[Keystone]] | ||
*''Q'iitu'' : [[Prophet of Mercy/Silver|Prophet of Mercy]], mercy | |||
*''Sangheli'' : Sangheili | *''Sangheli'' : Sangheili | ||
*''Shak'o'' : The Path, the way | *''Shak'o'' : The Path, the way | ||
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*''gadi'' : lower mandible | *''gadi'' : lower mandible | ||
*''gaibaat'u'' : fortune, riches | *''gaibaat'u'' : fortune, riches | ||
*''gaich'in'' : (v.) to be wrong | *''gaich'in'' : (v.) to be wrong (derived from the verb: ch'in) | ||
*''gaiduje'' : (v.) to sully, to dirty, to pollute (derived from the verb: duje) | *''gaiduje'' : (v.) to sully, to dirty, to pollute (derived from the verb: duje) | ||
*''gaikhawa'' : (v.) to guess, to predict (derived from the verb: khawa) | *''gaikhawa'' : (v.) to guess, to predict (derived from the verb: khawa) | ||
*''gakha'' : rocks, stones | *''gakha'' : rocks, stones | ||
*''gha'' : what (pronoun) | |||
*''ghaadi'' : where, in what place or position (See also: diibe) | *''ghaadi'' : where, in what place or position (See also: diibe) | ||
*''ghaazhi'' : [causal conjunction] (Because..., So..., For..., And if..., When...) | *''ghaazhi'' : [causal conjunction] (Because..., So..., For..., And if..., When...) | ||
*''ghaina'' : (v.) to hear | *''ghaina'' : (v.) to hear | ||
*''ghajaya'' : (v.) to return, to come back | *''ghajaya'' : (v.) to return, to come back (derived from the verb: jaya) | ||
*''ghamaaziit'u'' : jealousy | *''ghamaaziit'u'' : jealousy | ||
*''ghaq'aaga'' : map | *''ghaq'aaga'' : map | ||
*''ghashango'' : (v.) to accompany, to follow to join | *''ghashango'' : (v.) to accompany, to follow to join | ||
*''ghashank'o'' : demon, monster | *''ghashank'o'' : demon, monster | ||
**''baghashank'o'' : little demon | **''baghashank'o'' : little demon, imp | ||
*''ghunu'' : (v.) to destroy | *''ghunu'' : (v.) to destroy | ||
*''guulo'' : master(s) | *''guulo'' : master(s) | ||
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*''la'ajo'' : twin, partner, counterpart | *''la'ajo'' : twin, partner, counterpart | ||
*''lakhi'' : (v.) to rise up, to ascend | *''lakhi'' : (v.) to rise up, to ascend | ||
*''loshkho'' : to show | *''loshkho'' : (v.) to show | ||
**''loloshkho'' : (Reduplicative Form) is revealing | **''loloshkho'' : (Reduplicative Form) is revealing | ||
*''luk'a'' : spear | *''luk'a'' : spear | ||
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*''pkhungo'' : (v.) to sleep | *''pkhungo'' : (v.) to sleep | ||
**''pkhubungo'' : (Reduplicative Form) were sleeping | **''pkhubungo'' : (Reduplicative Form) were sleeping | ||
*''p'umo'' : start, begins | *''p'umo'' : start, begins, beginning | ||
**''bap'umo'' : source, origin, little beginning | **''bap'umo'' : source, origin, little beginning | ||
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*''ruq'echkha'' : (v.) to burn, to shine, to illuminate | *''ruq'echkha'' : (v.) to burn, to shine, to illuminate | ||
*''ruq'ota'' : (v.) to burn, to scorch | *''ruq'ota'' : (v.) to burn, to scorch | ||
*''ruujaya'' : (v.) to hurry, to hustle, to come quickly (derived from the verb: jaya) | |||
*''ruuk'ina'' : (v.) to attack | *''ruuk'ina'' : (v.) to attack | ||
*''ruut'sag'' : (v.) to light, to kindle, to ignite | *''ruut'sag'' : (v.) to light, to kindle, to ignite | ||
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*''dunga'' : world | *''dunga'' : world | ||
*''gazhumaaka'' : alert | *''gazhumaaka'' : alert | ||
*''gwis'' : energy, spirit | |||
*''has'' : sun | *''has'' : sun | ||
*''kkhago'' : ring | *''kkhago'' : ring | ||
*''lushkho'' : star | *''lushkho'' : star | ||
*''nga'' : nothing | *''nga'' : nothing | ||
*''ngatkhet'a'' : absent, missing | |||
*''ngitkhagha'' : controls | *''ngitkhagha'' : controls | ||
*''p'ekkha'' : (v.) to form, to shape | |||
*''p'uko'' : book | *''p'uko'' : book | ||
*''q'iskhe'' : (v.) to appear intact, to be whole/complete | *''q'iskhe'' : (v.) to appear intact, to be whole/complete | ||
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*''ruubaabaacho'' : intruder(s) | *''ruubaabaacho'' : intruder(s) | ||
*''zhaan'' : day | *''zhaan'' : day | ||
*''zhiija'' : appropriately, rightly, suitably | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||