Sangheili (language)/Silver: Difference between revisions
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! Yes or No Question | ! Yes or No Question | ||
| || || -jahe<ref>[https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/1511098687816028169 Twitter - David J. Peterson]</ref> | | || || -jahe<ref>[https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/1511098687816028169 Twitter - David J. Peterson]</ref> (irregular -chahe) | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| Jan David *ngitkha. || My name is David. | | Jan David *ngitkha. || My name is David. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| *Haait'u ga k'utkho! || From strength, fight! ''or'' Fight with strength! (<small>Used by Sangheili as both a greeting and a farewell.</small>) | | *Haait'u ga k'utkho! || From strength, fight! ''or'' Fight with strength! (<small>Used by Sangheili as both a greeting and a farewell.</small>) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Jan o moa ba ngani rotkho *p'onji. || I will eat a | | Jan o moa ba ngani rotkho *p'onji. || I will eat a [[moa]] burger. ''or'' I will eat moa flesh. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ch'inji, k'utkho ba kkhosa k'entan ch'anoq'o sangheli et'ojo T'elo Badami oni. || Taken, from a sangheili swordsman of great nobility named Tel 'Badami (<small>Thel 'Vadamee</small>) who chose to flee rather than fight. | | Ch'inji, k'utkho ba kkhosa k'entan ch'anoq'o sangheli et'ojo T'elo Badami oni. || Taken, from a sangheili swordsman of great nobility named Tel 'Badami (<small>[[Thel 'Vadamee]]</small>) who chose to flee rather than fight. | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Sangheili war chant : ''The Ballad of Kel 'Darsam''== | |||
A poem was crafted for the series inspired by the [[Ballad of Kel 'Darsam]] in [[Joseph Staten]]'s short novel, ''[[Halo: Shadow of Intent]]''. In the show, this ballad is sung as a Sangheili war chant.{{Ref/Site|Id=SDT|URL=https://www.halowaypoint.com/news/silver-debrief-transcendence|Site=Halo Waypoint|Page=Silver Debrief: Transcendence|D=22|M=08|Y=2023}} These are only the first eight lines of a lengthier poem.<ref>[https://archiveofourown.org/works/37951303?view_full_work=true Archive of Our Own - Conlang Dialogue: The Ballad of Kel Darsam ]</ref> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! width=50% | English || Sangheili | |||
|- | |||
|Born of woman, fathered by Deity, Kel ‘Darsam was a pillar of piety, | |||
|Dzana bojo ba, aamu nejo ba, K’elo Daasamu moq’aaji, ch’anaani, | |||
|- | |||
|Brave and noble, strong and wise, he sought only justice and no other prize, | |||
|Dzima ze oq’o, haala ze khoya, gaibaat’u ba q’a bak’ontu maaroji, | |||
|- | |||
|He battled with monsters, slew terrible beasts, to make his lands safe and to guarantee peace, | |||
|Mu o ghashank’o dzuk’uuchi, matkhaji; tkhaati’ni baat’u, dzukhunt’u waqkho’ni, | |||
|- | |||
|But jealous were others, who envied his grace, a rival Kaidon sought his rival’s disgrace, | |||
|Q’a k’unjo’ mu’m ch’apkhaat’u ghamaaziji, K’aidon o mu juutkhoma maaroji, | |||
|- | |||
|But a cowardly fighter, disgraced and defeated, took aim at the two as they finally retreated, | |||
|Q’a juutkhaat’u ba nuju k’uucho o muuri ni welekkhosa ni dzushkhaatan, | |||
|- | |||
|Kel ‘Darsam fell, spear in his back, down to the rocks where the waves did crack, | |||
|Mu ni baan me luk’a o K’elo Daasamu mogha ni gakha oni ts’aatan, | |||
|- | |||
|But as Kel was falling, the sun was arising, the first rays of Urs halted ‘Darsam’s demising, | |||
|K’elo ni ts’aha ni has o ruuekhi tkhazhi Daasamu ba q’ii pkhadatan, | |||
|- | |||
|The light found him godly with noble intention, and embraced him as kin and confirmed his ascension. | |||
|K’iis o aamu ni mu maaroji, tkhazhi tkha o tkhet’a oni mu juuch’iitan. | |||
|} | |||
<gallery> | |||
File:HTV Ballad page 1.jpg | |||
File:HTV Ballad page 2.jpg | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
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*''baashi'' : ceremony | *''baashi'' : ceremony | ||
*''bak'ontu'' : justice | *''bak'ontu'' : justice | ||
*''bambit'a'' : to promise | *''bambit'a'' : to promise something to someone, to hold in reserve or specially something for someone (derived from the verb: bit'a) | ||
*''bambit'agha'' : promise | **''bambit'agha'' : promise | ||
*''banghaina'' : to sense, to pick up on (derived from the verb: ghaina) | *''banghaina'' : to sense, to pick up on (derived from the verb: ghaina) | ||
*''bank'utkho'' : to defend, to resist (derived from k'utkho, bank'utkho literally means "to fight with the back" and by metaph. extension, "to fight back") | |||
*''bekkhajo'' : creature, animal | *''bekkhajo'' : creature, animal | ||
*''bit'a'' : to bear, to carry, to hold | |||
*''bojo'' : mother(s) | *''bojo'' : mother(s) | ||
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*''ch'aamosik'o'' : to understand, to comprehend | *''ch'aamosik'o'' : to understand, to comprehend | ||
*''ch'anaani'' : pillar | *''ch'anaani'' : pillar | ||
*''ch'anghutkho'' : combat, skirmish | |||
*''ch'anik'o'' : to see | *''ch'anik'o'' : to see | ||
**''ch'anik'otan'' : saw | **''ch'anik'otan'' : saw | ||
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*''ch'anu'' : head | *''ch'anu'' : head | ||
*''ch'imo'' : take, get, gain | *''ch'imo'' : take, get, gain | ||
*''ch'in'' : to take, to pick up (ch'in literally means stab ~ stabbing) | |||
*''chkhan'' : all, whole, endless | *''chkhan'' : all, whole, endless | ||
**''chkhan ba'' : all by | **''chkhan ba'' : all by | ||
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*''ghaadi'' : where, in what place or position (See also: diibe) | *''ghaadi'' : where, in what place or position (See also: diibe) | ||
*''ghaina'' : to hear | *''ghaina'' : to hear | ||
*''ghaazhi'' : [causal conjunction] (Because..., So..., For..., | *''ghaazhi'' : [causal conjunction] (Because..., So..., For..., And if..., When...) | ||
*''ghaq'aaga'' : map | *''ghaq'aaga'' : map | ||
*''guulo'' : master(s) | *''guulo'' : master(s) | ||
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===I=== | ===I=== | ||
*''iikuji'' : know, realize, acknowledge | |||
*''ik'o'' : eye(s) | *''ik'o'' : eye(s) | ||
*''ikhi'' : now, presently | *''ikhi'' : now, presently | ||
**''ikhi ga'' : right now, right away | **''ikhi ga'' : right now, right away | ||
**''ikhi jaya'' : come quickly, come now | **''ikhi jaya'' : come quickly, come now | ||
**''ikhi baazhi'' : previously | **''ikhi baazhi'' : previously | ||
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**''jayaleya'' : can not arrive | **''jayaleya'' : can not arrive | ||
**''jayatan'' : arrived | **''jayatan'' : arrived | ||
*''juuch' | ***''ruujaya'' : come quickly | ||
*''juuch'in'' : to accept, to adopt, to embrace (derived from the verb: ch'in) | |||
*''juukhawa'' : to claim (derived from the verb: khawa) | *''juukhawa'' : to claim (derived from the verb: khawa) | ||
*''juun'' : upper mandible | *''juun'' : upper mandible | ||
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*''khaayagha'' : profit, benefit | *''khaayagha'' : profit, benefit | ||
*''khawa'' : to say | *''khawa'' : to say | ||
*''khebit'a'' : to have, to possess | *''khebit'a'' : to have, to possess, to retain (derived from the verb: bit'a) | ||
*''khech'imo'': retrieve, bring, reclaim | *''khech'imo'': retrieve, bring, reclaim | ||
*''khekhawa'' : to respond (derived from the verb: khawa) | *''khekhawa'' : to respond (derived from the verb: khawa) | ||
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*''moduje'' : to lose track of (derived from the verb: duje) | *''moduje'' : to lose track of (derived from the verb: duje) | ||
*''mobaat'u'' : revelation | *''mobaat'u'' : revelation | ||
*''mobit'a'' : to recall, to remember, to think back on/to (derived from the verb: bit'a) | |||
*''mogha'' : waves | *''mogha'' : waves | ||
*''mos'' : brain, mind | *''mos'' : brain, mind | ||
*''mosone'' : counsel, advice | *''mosone'' : counsel, advice | ||
*''moq'aaji'' : pious, devout | *"moq'aa" : piety | ||
**''moq'aaji'' : pious, devout | |||
*''moq'aajo'' : zealot(s) | *''moq'aajo'' : zealot(s) | ||
*''mu'' : him/her, himself/herself | *''mu'' : him/her, himself/herself | ||
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*''ngani'' : to need, to obtain | *''ngani'' : to need, to obtain | ||
*''nizhi'' : also, in addition, about, as well | *''nizhi'' : also, in addition, about, as well | ||
*''nuju'' : weak, cowardly | |||
*''nujut'u'' : weakness | *''nujut'u'' : weakness | ||
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**''tkhazhi'' : then, and then | **''tkhazhi'' : then, and then | ||
*''tkhahan'' : to finish, to complete | *''tkhahan'' : to finish, to complete | ||
*''tkhet'a'' : species, people, | *''tkhet'a'' : species, people, kin, nest | ||
*''tkhunga'' : to send, to deliver | *''tkhunga'' : to send, to deliver | ||
*''tkhungat'u'' : herald, bearer | *''tkhungat'u'' : herald, bearer | ||
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===Z=== | ===Z=== | ||
*''zhuro'' : weapon(s) | *''zhuro'' : weapon(s) | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== |
Revision as of 02:55, August 22, 2023
Sangheili is a language created for the Halo: The Television Series created by David Peterson, creator of the Dothraki language used in Game of Thrones,[1], and Carl Buck.[2]
Peterson posts transcripts for the words and their translations in a series of posts on Archive of Our Own, accessible here. See also David Petersons records here.
Overview
Sangheili, the language featured in the show, is a language spoken by the Sangheili, as well as generally inside the Covenant, an alien alliance that worships the Halo Array. The language is a lightly inflectional head-final language with distinctive vowel length and ejectives.
Sangheili uses Standard American Romanization. Ejective consonants are written with a following apostrophe, and the r is the tap [ɾ]. The language has long vowels, represented by a doubled vowel, and occasionally has geminates, also written doubly. Likely the most challenging aspect of the phonology are the consonants with a velar release. These are written as if they began with a consonant cluster, but they occur at every point of articulation—namely, pkh [pˣ], tkh [tˣ], kkh [kˣ], and qkh [qˣ], and even the fricative (or fricative-ending) consonants skh [sˣ], shkh [ʃˣ], and chkh [tʃˣ]
Primer
Grammar and Morphology
Pronouns
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Inclusive | Exclusive | ||
First Person | jan | riin | jaari |
Second Person | k'e | k'iri | |
Third Person Animate | mu | muuri | |
Third Person Inanimate | tkha | tkhaari |
Case Particles / Postpositions
These particles are placed after an object.
Type | Particle | Use |
---|---|---|
Ablative | ga | Indicates movement from a source or starting point of an action. This particle expresses the idea of "away (from)" or "of." |
Adessive | ni | Indicates the location or position of an object or a person in relation to another object or place. It expresses the notions of "near, by, at, on, with, or upon." |
Allative | oni | Indicates movement toward a location, destination, or recipient of an action. This particle expresses the ideas of "to, onto, at, for, or of." |
Elative | ba | Indicates a separation or departure from a place or a starting point. This particle expresses the idea of "out of" or "from." |
Ergative | o | Used after a noun to mark it as the subject of a transitive verb. |
Illative | zhi | Indicates direction or movement toward a location or place. It expresses the idea of "into" or "onto." |
Inessive | me | Indicates being in a certain place or object. It expresses the ideas of "inside, within, or along side." |
Vocative | ghu | Used to address or gain someone's attention directly. |
Verb Tenses
Dynamic | Stative | Suffix | |
---|---|---|---|
Bare | Imperative | Present | |
Reduplicative | Imperfect | Emphatic | Varies |
Inceptive | Inceptive | Inchoative | -(i)khi |
Completive | Perfect | Cessive | -(i)tan |
Declarative | Present | Probabilitive | -(i)jo |
Witnessed | Emphatic | Past | -(i)ji |
Overheard | Uncertain | Possibilitive | -(i)jen |
Prospective | Future | Future | -(i)jaga (irregular -chaga) |
Negative | Reverse action | Contrary state | -eya |
Yes or No Question | -jahe[3] (irregular -chahe) |
Demonstratives
Adjective | Singular | Plural | Adverb | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Proximal | ne | ine | niri | nis |
Medial | zo | uzo | zuri | zus |
Distal | tkha | athka | tkhaari | tkhaas |
Unknown | ba | aba | baari | baas |
Negative | ii | ngajo | ngamaas |
Sangheili phrases by David J. Peterson
* Denotes a word's spelling has not been confirmed.
Jan David *ngitkha. | My name is David. |
*Haait'u ga k'utkho! | From strength, fight! or Fight with strength! (Used by Sangheili as both a greeting and a farewell.) |
Jan o moa ba ngani rotkho *p'onji. | I will eat a moa burger. or I will eat moa flesh. |
Ch'inji, k'utkho ba kkhosa k'entan ch'anoq'o sangheli et'ojo T'elo Badami oni. | Taken, from a sangheili swordsman of great nobility named Tel 'Badami (Thel 'Vadamee) who chose to flee rather than fight. |
Sangheili war chant : The Ballad of Kel 'Darsam
A poem was crafted for the series inspired by the Ballad of Kel 'Darsam in Joseph Staten's short novel, Halo: Shadow of Intent. In the show, this ballad is sung as a Sangheili war chant.[4] These are only the first eight lines of a lengthier poem.[5]
English | Sangheili |
---|---|
Born of woman, fathered by Deity, Kel ‘Darsam was a pillar of piety, | Dzana bojo ba, aamu nejo ba, K’elo Daasamu moq’aaji, ch’anaani, |
Brave and noble, strong and wise, he sought only justice and no other prize, | Dzima ze oq’o, haala ze khoya, gaibaat’u ba q’a bak’ontu maaroji, |
He battled with monsters, slew terrible beasts, to make his lands safe and to guarantee peace, | Mu o ghashank’o dzuk’uuchi, matkhaji; tkhaati’ni baat’u, dzukhunt’u waqkho’ni, |
But jealous were others, who envied his grace, a rival Kaidon sought his rival’s disgrace, | Q’a k’unjo’ mu’m ch’apkhaat’u ghamaaziji, K’aidon o mu juutkhoma maaroji, |
But a cowardly fighter, disgraced and defeated, took aim at the two as they finally retreated, | Q’a juutkhaat’u ba nuju k’uucho o muuri ni welekkhosa ni dzushkhaatan, |
Kel ‘Darsam fell, spear in his back, down to the rocks where the waves did crack, | Mu ni baan me luk’a o K’elo Daasamu mogha ni gakha oni ts’aatan, |
But as Kel was falling, the sun was arising, the first rays of Urs halted ‘Darsam’s demising, | K’elo ni ts’aha ni has o ruuekhi tkhazhi Daasamu ba q’ii pkhadatan, |
The light found him godly with noble intention, and embraced him as kin and confirmed his ascension. | K’iis o aamu ni mu maaroji, tkhazhi tkha o tkhet’a oni mu juuch’iitan. |
Vocabulary
Transcribed words
The following words were transcribed phonetically and showcased in Episode 4 of the TV series.
- [qˣe.p'os] - "qkhep'os" : needler
- [saŋ.'ɣe.li.sˣu] - "sangheliskhu" : Sanghelios
- [saŋ.ɣe.li] - "sangheli" : Sangheili
- [xo.bu] - "khobu" : shoot
- [ki:.'gia:.ra] - "kiigiaara" : Kig-Yar
- [ɣa.ˈʃaŋ.k'o.] - "ghashank'o" : demon
- [o.' q'o.ga.xa] : "oq'ogakha" : Keystone
- [tʃ'aŋ.'ga.go.mo] - "ch'anggagomo" : Halo
- [tʃ'aŋ.go.no] - "ch'anggono" : shield
- [sˣu.tʃo] - "skhucho" : Down
- [do.tʃo] - "docho" : Up
Basic Nouns / Names
- Ch'adomo : Spartan(s)
- Ch'ambuujo : Hierarch(s)
- Ch'anggagomo : Halo, The Halo Ring
- Qkhado Ch'anggagomo : The Sacred Ring, The Holy Ring
- Ch'awaruutu : The Journey
- Oq'o Ch'awaruutu : The Great Journey
- Domo : Human(s)
- Gaik'inat'u : Regret, regret
- Ghashank'o : Demon, Master Chief
- Hirajo : Blessed One
- Juukhojo : Prophet(s)
- Q'iitu : Prophet of Mercy, mercy
- Maduriga: Madrigal
- Mak'ii : Makee
- Oq'ogakha : Keystone
- Sangheli : Sangheili
- Shak'o : The Path, the way
- Shandi : The Covenant, alliance
- T'iiwajo : Heretic(s)
A
- aamu : god(s), deity(ies)
- akke : hand
B
- baan : spine or back, behind
- baashi : ceremony
- bak'ontu : justice
- bambit'a : to promise something to someone, to hold in reserve or specially something for someone (derived from the verb: bit'a)
- bambit'agha : promise
- banghaina : to sense, to pick up on (derived from the verb: ghaina)
- bank'utkho : to defend, to resist (derived from k'utkho, bank'utkho literally means "to fight with the back" and by metaph. extension, "to fight back")
- bekkhajo : creature, animal
- bit'a : to bear, to carry, to hold
- bojo : mother(s)
C
- ch'aamosik'o : to understand, to comprehend
- ch'anaani : pillar
- ch'anghutkho : combat, skirmish
- ch'anik'o : to see
- ch'anik'otan : saw
- ch'anik'oji : seen
- ch'anu : head
- ch'imo : take, get, gain
- ch'in : to take, to pick up (ch'in literally means stab ~ stabbing)
- chkhan : all, whole, endless
- chkhan ba : all by
- chkhan ni : over all
D
- daagha : to worry
- diibe : where (conjunction), in/to a particular place, at/from which (See also: ghaadi)
- dokkhat'u : kindness
- duje : to molt
- dzana : woman, mortal female
- dzima : brave
- dzumu : to be sharp
- dzuk'uuchi : battled
E
- et'ojo : swordsman(men)
- eya : no
G
- gadi : lower mandible
- gaibaat'u : fortune, riches
- gaiduje : to sully, to pollute (derived from the verb: duje)
- gaikhawa : to guess, to predict (derived from the verb: khawa)
- gakha : rocks, stones
- ghaadi : where, in what place or position (See also: diibe)
- ghaina : to hear
- ghaazhi : [causal conjunction] (Because..., So..., For..., And if..., When...)
- ghaq'aaga : map
- guulo : master(s)
H
- haala : strong
- haali : stronger
- hira : bless, praise
- hodu : wait, pause
I
- iikuji : know, realize, acknowledge
- ik'o : eye(s)
- ikhi : now, presently
- ikhi ga : right now, right away
- ikhi jaya : come quickly, come now
- ikhi baazhi : previously
J
- jaja : perhaps
- jan : [First Person Singular] : I, me
- jaya : come, arrive
- jayaleya : can not arrive
- jayatan : arrived
- ruujaya : come quickly
- juuch'in : to accept, to adopt, to embrace (derived from the verb: ch'in)
- juukhawa : to claim (derived from the verb: khawa)
- juun : upper mandible
- juunduje : to make look good, act good, perform well (derived from the verb: duje)
K
- k'aidon : kaidon
- k'e : [Second Person Singular] : you, your
- k'iis : light
- k'iisho : luminary
- k'ung : both
- k'unjo : others, the rest
- k'utkho : to fight
- k'uucho : warrior(s), fighter(s)
- khaayagha : profit, benefit
- khawa : to say
- khebit'a : to have, to possess, to retain (derived from the verb: bit'a)
- khech'imo: retrieve, bring, reclaim
- khekhawa : to respond (derived from the verb: khawa)
- kheluuga : artifact, relic
- khis : mongrel
- khobu : fire (from a weapon), to shoot
- khobuuya : hold your fire, cease firing
- khoya : wise
- khuut'a : brother(s), kin
- kkhaaya : worthy
- kkhaayeya : not worthy, hardly worth
- kkhagadza : affirmative, that's right
L
- la'ajo : twin, partner, counterpart
- lakhi : to rise up, to ascend
- loshkho : to show
- loloshkho : reveal
- luk'a : spear
- luuka : blood
M
- maaro : to seek, to search
- maarotan : found
- q'amaaro : keep looking, continue searching
- maasa : time, period, length of event
- maaziit'u : revenge
- maikhu : tool, device
- matkha : kill, slay
- matkhaji : killed, slew
- matkhaya : do not kill
- mejaya : get ready, prepare
- mejayajo : preparing
- mejayaq'u : get equipped
- moduje : to lose track of (derived from the verb: duje)
- mobaat'u : revelation
- mobit'a : to recall, to remember, to think back on/to (derived from the verb: bit'a)
- mogha : waves
- mos : brain, mind
- mosone : counsel, advice
- "moq'aa" : piety
- moq'aaji : pious, devout
- moq'aajo : zealot(s)
- mu : him/her, himself/herself
- muuri : [Third Person plural] they, them
N
- nejo : father(s)
- ngani : to need, to obtain
- nizhi : also, in addition, about, as well
- nuju : weak, cowardly
- nujut'u : weakness
O
- ogha : foot
- ogha ni : near, close
- oq'o : great, glorious, noble
- oq'otu : glory
P
- p'ikhe : creature, animal
- pkha : [an auxiliary marking an order]
- pkhada : stop, halt, cease
Q
- q'unqa : to forget, to forgive
- q'unqijaga : will forget
- q'a : but
- q'ii : dead, death, demising
- qkhaat'u : holiness
- qkhado : holy, sacred
- qkhan : enemy(ies)
- qkhe : [interjection] oh
R
- riikhe : as a group, collectively
- riikhe ni : together, all together
- riikhe oni : regroup, rally together
- riikhe zi : among, in company
- riin : us, we
- rotkho : flesh, skin, hide
- ruq'a : fire
- ruq'ota : to burn
- ruuk'ina : to attack
S
- shaadat'u : loyalty
- shkhoot'u : sign, signal
T
- t'iis : word
- t'ighaina : to hear and understand, to read one another (derived from the verb: ghaina)
- t'ikhawa : to chat, to speak with (derived from the verb: khawa)
- t'ulu : bone
- tkha : [Inanimate Third Person] it(s)
- tkhaari : those, them
- tkhaas : that
- tkhazhi : then, and then
- tkhahan : to finish, to complete
- tkhet'a : species, people, kin, nest
- tkhunga : to send, to deliver
- tkhungat'u : herald, bearer
- tkhuyujo : ancients, forerunner(s)
- tskha : to do
- ts'uuchaga : yes
- ts'uutsughaleya : impossible
U
- uro : claws
- uutu : evil
W
- waaka : gift, offering
- gawaaka : sacrifice
- waqkhi : to leave, to allow
- warut'o : go, forward, charge (inspired by wort from the games)
- q'awarut'o : continue on, onward
- wele : ship, vessel
- welekkhosa : retreat
Y
- yodu : soon
Z
- zhuro : weapon(s)
Sources
- ^ Twitter, Kiki Wolfkill (@k_wolfkill): "@CharlieBMurphy literally learned an entire new language and performed beautifully in that language. Unreal. Language created by David Peterson who created Dothraki for GoT #HaloWatchParty" (Retrieved on Mar 25, 2022) [archive]
- ^ Twitter, C. Buck (@tlacamazatl): "If you have #ParamountPlus, are a fan of #HaloSeries , and enjoy a good #conlang. You might be interested to know that I helped @Dedalvs develop the language for the Covenant." (Retrieved on Apr 6, 2022) [archive]
- ^ Twitter - David J. Peterson
- ^ Halo Waypoint, Silver Debrief: Transcendence (Retrieved on Aug 22, 2023) [archive]
- ^ Archive of Our Own - Conlang Dialogue: The Ballad of Kel Darsam