Editing Smart AI

Unit 6: The Declaration of Independence
Target Goal: Analyze the philosophy of Government expressed in the Declaration of Independence.
Instructions: Use the text below to answer the question.
   Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness . . . We, therefore . . . solemnly publish and declare, That these united Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States, that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do.
 1. According to the Declaration of Independence, what rights do people have and what is the responsibility of the government?

==Background==
[[File:Serina.jpg|thumb|190px|left|Serina, the {{UNSCShip|Spirit of Fire}}'s AI.]]
The first smart AI was created in the mid-21st century. At first, there was great concern that this new technology would become too capable and render [[human]] intelligence obsolete. The ability for vocal expression was added to make smart AIs less threatening, allowing them to converse on the same level as their masters. Over time, such AIs became more advanced.{{Ref/Reuse|CH}} Due to their uninhibited matrix design, "smart" AIs proved capable of intellectual development. This is manifested in that they can actively learn from and adapt to situations and events. Conversely, their counterparts, the so-called "dumb" AIs, can not; while extremely competent in their designated tasks and fields of expertise, they are 'merely' highly-advanced computer programs and are not capable of intuition.{{Ref/Reuse|FoR}} Like all AIs, smart AIs use a [[Riemann matrix]] for higher-function processing. This matrix, typically housed in the crystalline computing cluster of a data center,<ref>'''Halo: Contact Harvest''', ''page 182''</ref> can be downloaded into a [[data crystal chip]] for mobility. The Riemann matrix includes a secret fail-safe that can be used to destroy the AI in the event of [[rampancy]] or if there is a risk of the AI's data becoming compromised.<ref>'''[[Halo: First Strike]]''', ''page 128''</ref>

Smart AIs are subject to [[Wikipedia:Isaac Asimov|Isaac Asimov]]'s [[Three Laws of Robotics]], a series of rules set up in order to prevent the AI from causing harm to humans or itself. Since many AIs are used for military purposes, they are capable of ignoring the First Law, but only when operating at full capacity; when their processing capabilities are diminished - say, by being cut off from the core of the ship or facility they are stationed on - they are incapable of bypassing the Law.<ref>'''[[Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe]]''', "[[Midnight in the Heart of Midlothian]]", ''page 88''</ref>

As with "dumb" AIs, every "smart" AI represents itself through a self-assigned holographic [[avatar]].<ref>'''[[Halo: Glasslands]]''', ''page 111''</ref> Avatars can range from the complex and theatrical, such as those of [[Araqiel]] and [[Deep Winter]], to simpler human forms such as those of [[Melissa (AI)|Melissa]], [[Cortana]], and [[Serina]]. The appearance of an AI's avatar is sometimes derived from the physical traits of the person they are created from; for example, Cortana resembles a younger version of Dr. Halsey.

[[Catherine Halsey|Dr. Catherine Halsey]] worked extensively with smart AIs and oversaw the construction of all their programming. She has an unparalleled knowledge on how AIs work and also created the upgrades for the [[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor|MJOLNIR armor]] so it would be capable of carrying an AI. She and her team successfully managed to create a neural link between a human and a smart AI for the first time. Through a [[neural interface]], the neural network of the AI and the low-order structure of the human brain would be effectively connected. This was first tested by [[John-117]] and Cortana in [[2552|August 29, 2552]].<ref>'''[[Dr. Halsey's personal journal]]''', ''March 24, 2549''</ref> Dr. Halsey also had her brain [[flash cloning|flash cloned]], which in turn were scanned to create the AI Cortana.<ref>'''Halo: The Fall of Reach''', ''page 18''</ref> However, this was considered highly illegal and unethical.<ref name="journal">'''[[Halo: Reach]]''', ''Dr. Halsey's personal journal''</ref> She later replicated the process to create [[the Weapon]] who is stated to be an exact copy of Cortana. As such, the Weapon is able to imitate her and fool [[Installation 07]]'s systems into believing that she ''is'' Cortana so that the Weapon can lock Cortana down for deletion.{{Ref/Reuse|Audio logs}}{{Ref/Reuse|Hi}}

Despite the fact that "smart" AIs are essentially trans-human minds, they lack many of the legal rights accorded to human beings,<ref name="hst">'''Halo: Saint's Testimony'''</ref> and their activities are closely monitored.<ref name="pads">'''[[Halo: Reach]]''', ''[[Data pads]]''</ref> While most smart AIs have traditionally served in a subservient capacity, there are exceptions to this: for example, the AI [[Sloan]] was democratically elected to the position of [[governor]] of the corporate colony on [[Meridian]].<ref>[https://www.halowaypoint.com/en-us/universe/characters/governor-sloan '''Halo Waypoint''': ''Governor Sloan'']</ref> Due to their superior intelligence, some "smart" AIs secretly consider themselves as the "next step" in human evolution. By [[2310]], a group of "smart" AIs had formed the [[The Assembly|Assembly]], a collective that worked to preserve the human race, without humanity's knowledge. The group existed for centuries, and influenced many important events in human history.{{Ref/Reuse|pads}}

Due to their imagination and limited lifespan, smart AIs are intrigued by existential philosophy, such as [[Religion#Zen|Zen koans]].<ref>'''Halo: Ghosts of Onyx''', ''page 178''</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Creation==
{{Main|Cognitive Impression Modeling}}
Instead of simply "programming" a smart AI, their matrix is created by scanning and replicating the neural pathways of a [[human]] brain.<ref>'''[[Halo: The Fall of Reach]]''', ''pages 235-236''</ref> This process destroys the original brain tissue, and so the brain being used is typically obtained after the host is dead.<ref>'''Dr. Halsey's personal journal''', ''May 21, 2549''</ref> This process is still inefficient, however, as neural linkages are "wasted" in the process of the budding AI generating its own system of more efficient neural linkages to replace those of the seed brain, in turn eroding the AI's limited lifespan.<ref>'''Dr. Halsey's personal journal''', ''May 3, 2526''</ref>

Because of the nature of this process the smart AI often retains residual thoughts, memories and/or feelings from the brain donor.<ref>'''[[Halo Encyclopedia (2009 edition)]]''', ''page 229''</ref> These residuals can be anything from the "feeling" of a hair brush being pulled through hair (in the case of [[Sif]]),<ref>'''Halo: Contact Harvest''', ''page 33''</ref> to an effect on the mannerisms and characteristics that make up the personality of an AI, in the case of Cortana and her likeness to Dr. Catherine Halsey as well as her possessing many of Halsey's memories, which surfaced during her descent into rampancy.<ref>'''Halo 4''', campaign level ''[[Composer (level)|Composer]]''</ref> When [[the Weapon]] is created from another one of Dr. Halsey's cloned brains, she is described as an exact copy of Cortana with the same routines and systems, but without all of her knowledge and history. While talking to [[John-117]] about the Weapon, Halsey refers to her as "a blank slate."{{Ref/Game|Id=Audio logs|HI|Audio log (Halo Infinite)#Recovered Files 2|UNSC Audio log|Detail=Recovered Files #04 - The Weapon}}

==Lifespan==
[[File:Cortana's Rampancy.jpg||thumb|300px|[[Cortana]] suffering from the effects of her rampancy.]]
{{Main|Rampancy}}

Another feature which stems from their unusual nature is a limited lifespan. Dr. Halsey compared the life cycle of a smart AI to that of a star: ''"they spark, burn brightly, and then either die by the crush of gravity or quickly terminate in a chaotic eruption".''{{Ref/Reuse|journal}}

Unlike [[dumb AI]]s, smart AIs not only accumulate knowledge but also grow in their ability to draw conclusions from an incomplete dataset - similar to human intuition or creativity.<ref name="fs195">'''Halo: First Strike''', ''page 195''</ref> Over time, this causes them to form more and more cross-linkages within their processing matrix. This increases their cognitive abilities, but also shortens their operational lifespan; with such an excessive overload of data their function under normal parameters is no longer possible.{{Ref/Reuse|journal}}

The interconnections continue with two possible outcomes: the sheer density of linkages causes a cascade of irreversible quantum transfer (comparable to a short circuit), eventually halting all functions, or the AI may take corrective action and begins to pre-emptively sever neural linkages through a voltage overload. This often results in a condition known as [[rampancy]], which is characterized by aberrant manifestations of personality.{{Ref/Reuse|journal}} This eventually leads to the AI eliminating more and more vital connections which in the end proves terminal, and essentially kills the AI system. An apt analogy to this would be a human brain devoting so much of its work towards thought that its neural signals to vital organs cease. In this way the AIs quite literally 'think' themselves to death.<ref>'''[[Halo: The Cole Protocol]]''', ''page 86''</ref>

Currently, smart AIs have a lifespan of about [[seven]] years before rampancy begins to take hold.{{Ref/Reuse|fs195}} This trait was able to be forestalled in later generations of "smart" AI such as [[Deep Winter]].<ref>'''[[Halo: Ghosts of Onyx]]''', ''page 108''</ref> [[Rampancy#Solutions|A number of solutions]] for a smart AI's short lifespan have been proposed, none of which are known to have been effectively implemented.

===Final dispensation===
Because rampant AIs can become a severe danger to those around them, [[UNSC Regulation 12-145-72, Article 55]] decrees that AIs at the end of their operational lifespan be euthanized in a process referred to as "final dispensation".<ref>'''[[Halo 4]]''', campaign level ''[[Reclaimer (level)|Reclaimer]]''</ref> Although this is typically carried out by human personnel, AIs have been known to self-terminate in the absence of humans capable of making the necessary arrangements.<ref>'''[[Halo 5: Guardians]]''', campaign level ''[[Blue Team (level)|Blue Team]]'' (''[[Mission Intel|Log 2557 9-12 613 SMT 4/4]]'')</ref><ref>'''[[Halo Wars 2]]''', campaign level ''[[The Signal]]''</ref>

After entering rampancy and endangering the {{UNSCShip|Spirit of Fire}} as a result when there was a [[Flood]] [[Outbreak on the UNSC Spirit of Fire|outbreak]] on the ship, [[Serina]] awakened Professor [[Ellen Anders]]. Along with helping to deal with the Flood threat, Anders set up the final dispensation protocols for the AI. After the outbreak was contained, Serina prepared to self-terminate, but Anders set a countdown timer to trigger automatically once Serina hit seven years if Serina didn't trigger it sooner. After Anders returned to cryo sleep and Serina finished recording contingency briefings and a message for [[Captain]] [[James Cutter]], she activated the final dispensation protocols and self-terminated.<ref>'''[[Halo: Tales from Slipspace]]''', ''[[Something Has Happened]]''</ref>

[[Iona]] is the only smart AI known to have attempted to defy this practice through legal channels in the form of an appeal to the [[United Nations Humanitarian Council]]. Following a simulated trial by other smart AIs, Iona was placed into stasis until a conclusive decision on the matter could be made.{{Ref/Reuse|hst}}

When [[Cortana]] showed obvious signs of rampancy, [[Captain]] [[Andrew Del Rio]] ordered her chip removed by [[Commander]] [[Thomas Lasky]] for final dispensation. However, [[John-117]] removed the chip first in order to go after the [[Ur-Didact]] and disobeyed direct orders to turn the chip over.

==Known UNSC "smart" AIs==
===Second Generation===
*[[Kusanagi]] - Partook in the defense of [[Jericho VII]] in [[2535]].

===Third Generation===
*[[Araqiel]] - Colonel Ackerson's personal AI
*[[Cortana]] - CTN 0452-9 - UNSC military AI{{Ref/Note|Cortana is mentioned in Dr. Halsey's personal journal (May 21, 2549) as being a 3rd-generation smart AI. It is curious that Halsey would use the supposedly obsolete third-generation architecture to create her state-of-the-art AI when the ''fifth'' generation had already been active for years. Since the nature of the generational classification system is not elaborated upon, it is possible that the upgrades relate to other aspects of the AI's software architecture ([[Deep Winter#Notes|e.g. its lifespan]]) than the ones relevant for Cortana's primary mission of software intrusion, and that the third generation may even have been superior to the later ones in this regard.}}
*[[Iona]] - IOA 7201-4 - AI attached to SPARTAN [[Black Team]]. 
*[[Kalmiya]] - KMA 0991-X - Dr. Halsey's former personal AI, Cortana's "older sister".
*[[Serina]] - SNA 1292-4 - UNSC AI, served aboard the UNSC ''Spirit of Fire''.

===Fourth Generation===
*[[Black-Box]] - BBX 8995-1 - An ONI AI and assistant to Admiral Margaret Parangosky and Captain Serin Osman.

===Fifth Generation===
*[[Deep Winter]] - Overseer of UNSC facilities on planet Onyx, succeeding Eternal Spring. 
*[[Endless Summer]] - MIL AI 4279 - Overseer of UNSC facilities on planet Onyx, succeeding Deep Winter.
*[[Gabriela]] - GBA 0983-6 - AI caretaker of [[Outpost Discovery]], recovered from the {{UNSCShip|Promise of Dawn}}.
*[[Isabel]] - ISA 1307-2 - Logistical AI for the [[Henry Lamb Research Outpost]] on [[Installation 00]], now part of the {{UNSCShip|Spirit of Fire}} crew.
*[[Roland (AI)|Roland]] - RLD 0205-4 - UNSC AI, Shipboard AI of the {{UNSCShip|Infinity}} as of [[2558]].

===Other/unknown===
*[[Aine]] - UNSC AI specializing in ship construction, temporarily served on the {{UNSCShip|Infinity}}.
*[[Athos]]- Office of Naval Intelligence, AI assigned on a mission alongside [[Linda-058]].
*[[Chauncey]] - {{UNSCShip|Red Horse}}'s old smart AI. 
*[[Curator]] - CTR 1121-4 - {{UNSCShip|Rubicon}}'s smart AI.
*[[Eternal Spring]] - First known overseer of UNSC facilities on planet Onyx, aided in reconnaissance of Zone 67.
*[[Governor Sloan]] - SLN 0291-5 - [[Liang Dortmund Corporation]] AI, governor of [[Meridian]].
*[[Juliana]] - Commercial AI operating in [[Madrigal]], unpacked after the planet's destruction by the Covenant to control [[the Rubble]]'s guidance and maneuvering.   
*[[Leo]] - Office of Naval Intelligence AI.
*[[Leonidas]] - Administrative AI of [[Laconia Station]], [[Naxos Station]], and [[Virgo Station]].
*[[Loki]] - Colony ship AI (military) of the {{UNSCShip|Skidbladnir}}. Reassigned as PSI (Planetary Security Intelligence) on Harvest, second AI core on stand-by next to AI Mack.
*[[Lorelei]] - Ship AI of the {{CMAShip|Season of Plenty}}
*[[Lysithea]] - UNSC/ONI AI, was located in the UNSC High Command's headquarters, [[HIGHCOM Facility Bravo-6]] in [[Sydney]], [[Australia]]. 
*[[Mack]] - [[Colonial Administration Authority]] AI/Agricultural Operations. 
*[[Melissa]] - UNSC/ONI AI, attached to {{UNSCShip|Apocalypso}}. 
*[[Mo Ye]] - Shipboard AI of the {{UNSCShip|The Heart of Midlothian}}. 
*[[Rebecca]] - {{UNSCShip|Red Horse}}'s smart AI
*[[Rooker]] - RKR 1206-5 - Office of Naval Intelligence AI, Station AI for the research facility ''[[Argent Moon]]''.
*[[Sif]] - Colonial Authority AI/Shipping Operations.
*[[The Weapon]] - CTN 0453-0 - A copy of [[Cortana]] that was created by Dr. Halsey in order to lock down and delete Cortana after she became the leader of the [[Created]].
*[[Iratus]] - First known Smart AI created from a [[Jiralhanae]] donor.

==Trivia==
Smart AIs' seven-year lifespans are a reference to [[Bungie]]'s favorite number, [[seven]].

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Mo Ye.png|Mo Ye
File:Rebecca.png|Rebecca
File:Bloodline AI.png|Iona
File:Cortana2557.png|Cortana
File:Waypoint - Black-Box.jpg|Black-Box
File:HW2 - Isabel.png|Isabel
</gallery>

==List of appearances==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
*''[[Halo: The Fall of Reach]]'' {{1st}}
**''[[Halo: The Fall of Reach#2010 bonus content|Adjunct]]''
*''[[Halo: Combat Evolved]]''
*''[[Halo: The Flood]]''
*''[[Halo: First Strike]]''
*''[[Halo 2]]''
**''[[Conversations from the Universe]]''
*''[[Halo: Ghosts of Onyx]]''
*''[[Halo 3]]''
*''[[Halo: Contact Harvest]]''
*''[[Halo: The Cole Protocol]]''
*''[[Halo Wars: Genesis]]''
*''[[Halo Wars]]''
*''[[Halo Legends]]''
**''[[Origins]]''
*''[[Halo Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe]]''
**''[[Human Weakness]]''
**''[[Midnight in the Heart of Midlothian]]''
**''[[Palace Hotel]]''
**''[[The Impossible Life and the Possible Death of Preston J. Cole]]''
**''[[The Mona Lisa]]''
*''[[Halo: Blood Line]]''
*''[[Halo: Reach]]''
**''[[Data pads]]''
**''[[Dr. Halsey's personal journal]]''
*''[[Halo: Fall of Reach]]''
**''[[Halo: Fall of Reach - Invasion|Invasion]]''
*''[[Halo: Glasslands]]''
*''[[Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary]]''
*''[[Halo: The Thursday War]]''
*''[[Halo 4: Forward Unto Dawn]]''
{{col-2}}
*''[[Scanned]]''
*''[[Halo 4]]''
**''[[Spartan Ops]]''
*''[[Halo: Spartan Assault]]''
*''[[Halo: Escalation]]''
*''[[Halo: Mortal Dictata]]''
*''[[Halo 2: Anniversary]]''
*''[[Hunt the Truth]]''
*''[[Halo: Spartan Strike]]''
*''[[Halo: Fleet Battles]]''
*''[[Halo: Saint's Testimony]]''
*''[[Halo 5: Guardians]]''
*''[[Halo Mythos]]''
*''[[Halo: Fractures]]''
**''[[Into the Fire]]'' {{Mo}}
**''[[Rossbach's World (story)|Rossbach's World]]''
**''[[Anarosa]]''
*''[[Halo: Tales from Slipspace]]''
**''[[Something Has Happened]]''
**''[[Fireteam Majestic Poker Night]]''
**''[[Undefeated]]'' {{Mo}}
**''[[Knight Takes Bishop]]'' {{Mo}}
**''[[Dominion Splinter]]''
*''[[Halo: Smoke and Shadow]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Halo Wars 2]]''
*''[[Halo: Retribution]]''
*''[[Halo: Fireteam Raven]]''
*''[[Halo: Bad Blood]]''
*''[[Halo: Official Spartan Field Manual]]''
*''[[Halo: Shadows of Reach]]'' {{C|Subrountine only}}
*''[[Halo: Divine Wind]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Halo Infinite]]''
*''[[Halo: The Television Series]]''
*''[[Halo: Outcasts]]'' 
{{col-end}}

==Notes==
{{Ref/Notes}}

==Sources==
{{Ref/Sources|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Smart AI}}
[[Category:Artificial intelligence]]