Editing Sangheili

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{{Species Infobox

|name=Sangheili<br />(''Macto cognatus'')

|othernames=

*Alligator<ref>'''[[Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe]]''', ''[[Headhunters (short story)|Headhunters]]''</ref>

*Hinge-head<ref>[http://halo.xbox.com/en-us/news/headline/the-halo-bulletin-101211-exclusive-book-excerpt-glasslands/280887 '''Halo Waypoint-''' ''The Halo Bulletin: 10/12/11, Exclusive Book Excerpt - Glasslands'']</ref>

|image=[[File:HR Sang maj.png|300px]]

|height=7'4" (225 cm) - 8'6" (262 cm)<ref name="VIS">'''[[Halo: The Essential Visual Guide]]''', ''page 61''</ref><ref name="Library">'''[[Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary]]''', ''[[Library (Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary feature)|Library]]''</ref>

*[[Covenant Empire|Covenant]]

*[[Covenant Separatists]]

*[[Heretics]]

*[[Thel 'Vadam]]

*[[N’tho ‘Sraom]]

*[[Fal 'Chavamee]]

{{Quote|On the blood of our fathers, on the blood of our sons... We swore to uphold the [[Covenant Empire|Covenant]]!|[[Rtas 'Vadumee]] before the [[Battle of the Threshold gas mine]].}}

The '''Sangheili'''<ref>'''Halo: Ghosts of Onyx''', ''page 189'' (''"Sangheili: the Elite name for their race"'')</ref> (Latin ''Macto cognatus''<ref name="Bestiarum">'''[[Bestiarum]]'''</ref>, meaning "I glorify my kin") are a saurian<ref>[http://www.bungie.net/projects/reach/article.aspx?ucc=enemies&cid=24611 '''Bungie.net''': ''Halo: Reach: Enemies - Elite'']</ref> species of fierce, proud, strong, agile and intelligent warriors and innovative strategists. Sangheili are named after their home planet, [[Sanghelios]]. Known to [[human]]s as '''Elites'''<ref>'''[[The Official Halo 2 Strategy Guide]]''', ''page 43''</ref>, due to their adeptness and skill in military strategy, the Sangheili formed the military backbone of the [[Covenant Empire|Covenant]] for almost the entirety of its existence up until the Covenant civil war. They had a very strong rivalry with the [[Jiralhanae]], which finally became open hatred during the [[Great Schism]] at the conclusion of the [[Human-Covenant War]].

Originally a founding species of the unified conglomerate of races known as the Covenant, they later led the Covenant breakaway faction known as the [[Covenant separatists]], who sided with the humans against their former allies, due to the fact that the [[Prophet of Truth]] and the [[Prophet of Mercy]] had ordered the genocide of the entire Sangheili race. This was established after the assassination of the [[Prophet of Regret]] at the hands of [[John-117]]. It was the Sangheili who were ultimately held responsible for the Prophet of Regret's death, and were seen as "unfit" to continue to guard the [[San 'Shyuum|Prophets]]. The Prophets sought to achieve this through the use of the other Covenant races, primarily the [[Jiralhanae]]. The aftermath of the Great Schism formed the bedrock of the Covenant's ultimate collapse.  

The Sangheili home world, [[Sanghelios]], had at one point been visited by or had been in contact with the [[Forerunners]]. During the [[Forerunner-Flood war]], [[the Librarian]] visited the planet to retrieve specimens of the Sangheili for preservation aboard [[Installation 00]]. After the firing of the [[Halo Array]], they were returned to their home planet to begin re-building their culture.

===Development of civilization and the Covenant===

[[File:AncientSangheili.png|250px|thumb|left|Ancient Sangheili on Sanghelios.]]

After being returned to their homeworld, the Sangheili discovered artifacts left by the Forerunners on their planet. The Sangheili revered the objects these "gods" had left, and considered tampering with them a heresy beyond any other. In [[938 BCE]] they encountered the [[Reformists|Reformist]] [[San 'Shyuum]] (who would later be known as "Prophets" by humans), a race who also worshiped the Forerunners as gods, but had utilized Forerunner technology for their own needs, believing the technology had been left behind by the Gods as gifts for their children. This sparked a [[Sangheili-San 'Shyuum war|war]] between the two races over how to treat the relics. Even though the Sangheili were much more physically imposing and numerous, they suffered extreme casualties under the sheer power of the San 'Shyuum's [[Forerunner Dreadnought|Dreadnought]], a surviving [[Keyship]], and by [[876 BCE]] even the most devout had to admit their survival depended on the reconstitution of their own Forerunner technology. This, of course, led both sides to an agreement that ended with the decommissioning of the Forerunner Dreadnought and a shaky alliance that eventually expanded into the Covenant.

The San 'Shyuum helped assuage the Sangheili by informing them of the [[Great Journey]]: by seeking out the [[Halo Array|Holy Rings]] scattered throughout the galaxy and utilizing them, a Great Journey would begin. This Great Journey would transform believers into godlike beings, while providing salvation for their doomed existence of fighting with [[the Flood]]. The Sangheili then became the [[Sangheili Honor Guardsman|bodyguards]] of the physically less imposing Prophets, who would search the galaxy for the Halos.<ref>'''[[Halo 2]]''', campaign level ''[[Delta Halo (level)|Delta Halo]]''</ref> The [[Writ of Union]] was drawn up in [[852 BCE]] in order to codify the Covenant. Its first canto clearly outlines the nature of the Covenant from the perspective of the Prophets.

Being one of the few races in the Covenant to achieve space-faring status without outside intervention, Sangheili interaction with the San 'Shyuum was initially strained due to memories of the recent war. However, the two sides later formed a prosperous relationship, eventually laying the foundation for the modern Covenant hegemony.

During their membership in the Covenant, the Sangheili were simply put, technological and societal equals of the San 'Shyuum. However, for a significant period, they found themselves as the dominant military muscle for the entire Covenant structure - hardly surprising given the warlike, feudal nature of their homeworld, Sanghelios. What was surprising was the cyclical stability this feudal society was able to offer. Technological and medical advancement prospered, and the intelligent, aggressive Sangheili were peerless until they encountered the San 'Shyuum. With exchange of goods and ideas, the Sangheili adapted to and eventually embraced the Covenant religion, grafting its tenets to their own belief system.

===Human-Covenant War===

When the Prophets declared war on a previously unknown species called "[[human]]s", the Sangheili followed their lead without question. After a period of time, however, even though the Prophets insisted that the humans were "unclean beings" that must be eliminated from the galaxy, some seasoned Sangheili veterans began to question the refusal of the Prophets to even consider accepting the humans into the Covenant.<ref group="Notes">It was mentioned that "even the smallest humans hurl themselves against our defenses with honor. If only the [[Unggoy]] were as committed." This shows that humans have earned the grudging respect of a few Sangheili. They claimed variously that humans are "tenacious", that their technology is "limited, but...useful", that their battle techniques are "impressive", and that they are "excellent strategists".</ref><ref>'''[[Conversations from the Universe]]''', ''[[Conversations_from_the_Universe#Sangheili_Conversation|Sangheili Conversation]]''</ref> They seem to believe that humans, although physically weak, at least compared to themselves, are brave and even honorable. As such, these few Sangheili believed that humans should be offered admittance to the Covenant. Some even believed that the humans are equal to them - a considerable step for a Sangheili, or any member of the Covenant to make. These Sangheili admired how willing and brave the humans were when fighting to survive against outright extinction, they even respected to a certain degree those few soldiers who were willing to stay behind and cover their comrades from a Covenant attack. A few Sangheili even had some degree of disrespect for the San 'Shyuum before the Great Schism.

[[File:Rtas_'Vadum.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Ship Master]] [[Rtas 'Vadum]] on the [[Shadow of Intent]]'s bridge.]]

During the final months of the Human-Covenant War, the political shift caused by both the [[Prophet of Truth]] and [[Tartarus]], the [[Chieftain of the Jiralhanae]], started a slippery slope that ended in the [[Great Schism|dissolution]] of the Covenant between the Sangheili and the San 'Shyuum. Originally, the Jiralhanae were viewed as savagely aggressive and extremely goal-oriented, which the Sangheili viewed as a serious threat should the Brutes ever begin to desire political power. This fear became reality when the Honor Guards of the Prophets, originally an all-Sangheili class, was [[Changing of the Guard|transformed]] into a [[Brute Honor Guard|duty of the Brutes]]. This was directly caused by the death of the [[Prophet of Regret]] at the hands of John-117, the human "Demon" known as the Master Chief, despite Regret's protection from his personal squad of [[Sangheili Honor Guardsman]]. Soon the Brutes found themselves in new positions of power, such as Field Masters, Ship Masters, and veritable replacements for the Sangheili. At the same time, during the [[Battle of Installation 05]], [[Arbiter]] [[Thel 'Vadam]]ee and [[Rtas 'Vadumee]] (both of which soon dropped the 'ee' suffix from their name to signify their abandonment of the Covenant) discovered the truth of the [[Halo Array|Halo]] rings from the [[Monitor]] [[343 Guilty Spark]] and the deceit of the San 'Shyuum.

These events led the entire Sangheili species to secede from the Covenant, forming a [[Covenant separatists|faction of separatists]]. They were aided by a few of the member-races within the Covenant, such as many [[Unggoy]] and most [[Mgalekgolo]], even though many apparently ended up siding with the Prophets despite the Sangheili's efforts. The secession included a movement to destroy the treacherous [[Brutes]] and Prophets, and the destruction of [[the Flood]] at all costs, eventually resulting in the Sangheili's alliance with the humans, persuaded by the Arbiter's counsel.  

It is known that this civil war stretched from the human homeworld, [[Earth]], all the way back to Sanghelios as the Sangheili attempted to wrest their share of the hegemony away from their new-found enemies. The Jiralhanae stepped in to fill the military void in ever increasing numbers, sensing the vacuum and opportunity left by the departure of the Sangheili.

===Fall of the Covenant Empire===

Finally, after the [[Battle of Earth]], the Sangheili and humans managed to stop and subsequently kill the Prophet of Truth, effectively dissolving the Covenant. However, the Sangheili and humans were coerced to deal with a more massive threat; the [[Flood]]. Finally, the Arbiter and the Master Chief, after activating the newly constructed [[Installation 04B|replacement Halo ring]], effectively ended the Flood threat forever.

After the Human-Covenant War ended, there has been speculation of competition between the [[UNSC]] and the Sangheili, when it came to examining Forerunner ruins and relics like [[The Portal|the Portal]].<ref>'''[[Halo: Evolutions]]''' - ''[[From the Office of Dr. William Arthur Iqbal]]''</ref> However, by March 2553, the Sangheili and humans remain friendly to one another as evidenced by the conversation between Thel 'Vadam and [[Lord Terrence Hood]]. All the Sangheili who fought in the [[Battle of Installation 00]] agreed to depart Earth and return to their home planet, Sanghelios, to ensure its safety.

Following the destruction of the Covenant, Sangheili society plunged into crisis. They fractured into multiple infighting factions with varying ideas on how to run their society, despite their ongoing war with the Jiralhanae. This was largely due to the fact they had become reliant of the Prophets during the millennia of the Covenant's existence. As they regained their independence, they were forced to re-learn to manage their society on their own, without the direction of the Prophets or the manual labor provided by the other client races.<ref>'''Halo: Glasslands''', Chapter 2, ''page 53''</ref> One faction, the [[Servants of Abiding Truth]], opposed Thel 'Vadam's and his allies, specifically their rejection of the ancient Sangheili religion.<ref>'''Halo: Glasslands''', Chapter 1, ''page 20''</ref>

As the Great Schism went on, the Sangheili continued their fight against the Jiralhanae. This was proving largely unsuccessful and the Sangheili were accepting serious losses. Without the Covenant to provide them with ships, technology, and repairs, they slowly lost warships and technologies they couldn't repair or replace. After the San 'Shyuum went into hiding, the Sangheili began to prevail against the Jiralhanae, who in turn began to fight amongst themselves. Having abandoned the Covenant, the Sangheili were now in a state of mass confusion in regards to their religion, because even though the San 'Shyuum lied to them, they had still given them purpose for their actions. Many Sangheili were still religiously devoted to the Forerunners and were attempting to uncover the meaning of their faith.<ref>'''[[Halo: Evolutions]]''' - ''[[The Return]]''</ref>

Meanwhile, the UNSC, specifically the [[Office of Naval Intelligence]], took advantage of this situation, attempting to keep the Sangheili splintered and disorganized by inciting the Servants of Abiding Truth to rebel against 'Vadam. This was to make sure the Sangheili would not pose a threat to humanity again.<ref>'''Halo: Glasslands''', Chapter 1, ''page 66''</ref>

Sangheili are at least 2.24 meters tall including helmet and armor, have two fingers and two thumbs on each hand which are much larger than human fingers and thumbs, which make the Sangheili look ungainly when wielding small human weapons such as the [[M6 Series|pistol]]. Their jaws are made up of four separate mandibles attached to their face, a more insect-like trait.

The Sangheili are attributed for great strength and intelligence, and are praised for their bravery and honor. Sangheili warriors augment these natural abilities further through use of [[Sangheili personal energy shield|energy shields]] integrated into their armor. Depending upon rank and mission objective, they are commonly seen in battle with [[Plasma Rifles]], [[Covenant Carbines]], [[Needlers]], [[Type-31 Rifle]] and sometimes, if they are higher ranked, [[Energy Swords]]. Sangheili employ coffin-like [[orbital insertion pod]]s as well as [[Phantom]] and [[Spirit]] Dropships for military transit purposes and rapid-response operations. Historically, Sangheili have followed the Covenant mentality of maintaining hatred towards humanity, believing them to be an affront to their religion and a challenge towards the Great Journey. However there are signs that this stance is being slowly abandoned as seen in the tentative alliance between the two enemies, forming the core allied [[Covenant Separatists|faction]] at the end of ''Halo 2'' and during ''Halo 3''.

In ''Halo: Combat Evolved'', upper ranks have a Forerunner symbol adorning their back. It is not known if the symbol varies from rank to rank. In ''Halo 3'', Sangheili have Forerunner symbols on their arms and on the sides of their torso.

[[File:elite.jpg|200px|right|thumb|A Sangheili [[Minor Sangheili|Minor]] warrior with a [[Type-51 Carbine]].]]

[[File:RoaringSangheili.png||right|thumb|200px|A close-up of a Sangheili jaws, which earned them the nickname "Split-lip".]]

Sangheili are muscular and very tall, usually standing between 7'4" and 8'6".<ref name="VIS"/><ref name="Library"/> Their jaws are quadruple-hinged, with an upper jaw and four mandible-like lips. With few exceptions, these mandibles are generally shown with six teeth each; many sources also depict an additional large fang on the tips of each mandible.<ref>'''[[Halo Wars: Genesis]]''', ''page 7''</ref><ref>'''[[Halo Graphic Novel]]''', ''page ??''</ref> Anywhere from eight to ten broader teeth have been observed mounted on the central jaw structure. In ''Halo Wars'' and ''Halo: Reach'', the Sangheili are depicted with more numerous, more feral-looking teeth. In the ''[[Halo Legends]]'' short ''[[The Duel]]'', the Sangheili [[Han (Sangheili)|Han]], [[Fal 'Chavamee]], and [[Roh]], keep their mandibles closed, using only the front two joints of their lower mandibles to speak, giving them a more humanoid appearance. While it may not actually be canon to the ''Halo'' franchise, it is possible that the Sangheili don't usually use all four of their mandibles, except when breathing heavily; an example would be during combat situations, though this has yet to be confirmed. Sangheili smell with the use of two nostrils, each a little in front and below the eye socket. Given their predatory nature, a Sangheili's sense of smell is likely very developed. Their hands are [[Wikipedia:Tetradactyly|tetradactyl]], having four digits; two middle fingers, and two opposing thumbs on the outside for grasping. Their legs are [[Wikipedia:Digitigrade|digitigrade]], with short upper and lower legs, and elongated tarsals, using the distal and intermediate phalanges to support their weight when walking. This arrangement possibly allows them to run very quickly and jump large distances, compared to ordinary humans and other Covenant races.<ref>'''[[Halo: Contact Harvest]]''', ''page 201''</ref> Their superior agility may also be attributed to their homeworld's higher gravity; the additional strength required to move normally in a high-gravity environment would likely cause them to be more powerful in lower gravity situations. They also appear to have a double set of pectoral muscles, which contribute to their incredible strength.

Sangheili have a binary circulatory system<ref>'''[[Halo: Ghosts of Onyx]]''', ''page 226''</ref><ref>'''Halo Encyclopedia''', ''page ???''</ref> which circulates indigo-colored blood through their veins. It is assumed that they breathe oxygen, as they can breathe the same atmosphere as humans without any trouble, and their homeworld has a nitrogen-oxygen atmosphere, similar to Earth's.

Male Sangheili have grayish-brown skin; the majority of Sangheili have either dark blue, black, or brown eyes, although there are a few exceptions. It has been theorized that some Sangheili seem to have dark eyes because they wear eye coverings, which provide their [[heads-up display]]s. This hypothesis comes largely from the [[Thel 'Vadam|Arbiter]]'s appearance - when standing before the [[High Council]] in his armor, his eyes were dark, but after his armor was removed, his eyes became a much lighter brown. Sangheili have laterally-positioned eyes with slit-shaped pupils, large irises, and horizontal eyelids, though these traits can only be seen in ''Halo 3''

Sangheili are [[Wikipedia:Oviparity|oviparous]], laying eggs rather than giving live birth, and incubate their recently-hatched young in tank-like pods.<ref name="blood">[[Halo: Blood Line Issue 3|''Halo: Blood Line'', ''Issue 3'']]: ''"Reff and I hatched on ''(sic)'' the city-state of <nowiki>'</nowiki>Thasanee."''</ref>

[[File:FearlessLeader26001200.PNG|thumb|200px|right|A Sangheili [[Zealot]] on [[Earth]] in the city of [[Old Mombasa]].]]

{{quote|Although Elites are naturally very intelligent, their culture's long dependence on a military-industrial schema has led to an emphasis on might over science. In some regards, the advent of the Covenant made this position easier-allowing the Elites to concentrate even more singularly on military endeavors, while [[San 'Shyuum|Prophets]] took care of science and technology.|[[343 Guilty Spark]] in the [[Bestiarum]]}}

The Sangheili are fairly intelligent and are able to demonstrate this in combat. Sangheili are normally on the move when fighting, constantly running and ducking, strafing and dodging when firing at the enemy. When presented with an obstacle, such as a [[M12 Force Application Vehicle|Warthog]] driving at them, they will move out of the way, and if a vehicle stops, they will attempt to board it or disable it. It should be noted that not all Sangheili make use of cover because of their superior strength; these are the Sangheili who hold the ranks of either [[Zealot]] or [[Councilor]]. The Sangheili seem to employ complex strategy only if it either improves success in battle, allows them to inflict more casualties on their enemies or if it conforms to the Sangheilian code of honor. In ship-to-ship combat, despite having the advantage of long range weapon such as plasma torpedoes, the Sangheili prefer to maneuver in close in an attempt to board their opponent's vessel, most likely due to their honor code. These Sangheili charge their enemies with reckless aggression, regardless of any damage they sustain; only very seldom do they admit temporary defeat. They are quite capable of luring their enemies into traps by falling back into cover; as the enemy approaches, a Sangheili will spring from its position and land a massive melee hit on the unsuspecting opponent, and is especially even more dangerous if the hiding Sangheili is carrying an Energy Sword due to the weapon's lethal melee power.

The Sangheili are known to be excellent tacticians, renowned for their ferocity and decisive thinking. This is shown to be very true in space during ship-to-ship combat, even when horribly outnumbered; they could win the fight with only few losses against humans and [[Jiralhanae]]. This shows them to have a great degree of tactical intelligence. An example of this is the Battle above Installation 00, when [[Truth's fleet]] outnumbered Sangheili forces three-to-one, yet the Sangheili prevailed with the assault carrier ''[[Shadow of Intent]]'' and a few other ships as well.

The strong grasp of strategy and tactics most Sangheili have has often been contrasted with their rigid adherence to their code of honor. Elites for the most part have shown a preference for close combat with their foes, and the majority of their weaponry is suited for short-ranged fighting. The [[Energy Sword]], being the most prized weapon of the Sangheili, is the strongest example of this. Swords are often carried and used as primary weapons on the battlefield by Sangheili, and although devastating in hand-to-hand combat, are useless at long range and make for highly visible targets. UNSC forces have been able to take advantage of this to decimate Covenant forces from outside their range while taking fewer casualties than the latter.

The Sangheili practices of commanders leading from the front and distinguishing leaders through colored armor has resulted in a very high attrition rate for Sangheili commanders. In many battles, [[Zealot]]s have been killed early in the fighting (such as [[Noga 'Putumee]]), leaving their forces leaderless and uncoordinated. UNSC snipers have been specifically trained to pick out and eliminate high-ranking Sangheili, though this rarely happens. The Sangheili tradition of promotion through feats of arms on the battlefield has sometimes placed individuals of questionable tactical and strategic skill, such as [[Ripa 'Moramee]], into high-ranking positions, purely because of their ability to kill their enemies personally (though Ripa 'Moramee became Arbiter because of a failed coup 'detat on his clan leader rather than the amount of casualties he inflicted on enemies). However, it should be noted that this isn't common and certain Sangheili such as Thel 'Vadam and Rtas 'Vadum are brilliant strategic planners.

What the Sangheili consider to be dishonorable has also limited their flexibility in battle. Being wounded is considered a dishonor by the Sangheili, and it has been seen that most Sangheili go berserk upon having their blood spilled and charge straight at their enemies for revenge. Others, such as [[Jora 'Konaree]], have chosen to kill themselves after being seriously wounded in battle. The preference of most Sangheili to die rather than live wounded has resulted in unnecessary casualties. Retreat is viewed as an even greater dishonor, and many Sangheili have doomed themselves to be killed rather than retreat, also resulting in unnecessary casualties. The UNSC (and the Brutes to a limited extent) have very frequently attempted to take advantage of the Sangheili code of honor in order to lure them into traps. Examples of this include the [[Battle of Installation 05]] on the Brutes part, [[Operation: FIRST STRIKE]], [[Kurt-051]]'s final actions in the [[Battle of Onyx]], the [[Battle of Alpha Base]], and [[Preston Jeremiah Cole|Admiral Jeremiah Cole's]] last stand at [[Battle of Psi Serpentis|Psi Serpentis]].

[[File:CouncilsScorn01.jpg|thumb|left|300px|An example of Sangheili's mentality of being a superior species; here, [[Supreme Commander]] [[Thel 'Vadamee]] refuses a Jiralhanae from handling him after a trial.]]

The Sangheili consider most other species to be inferior to them, both culturally and in fighting skill; this thinking has caused Sangheili to treat other species cruelly and in an arrogant manner. This eventually led to the feud between the Sangheili and Jiralhanae. Although Sangheili are naturally very intelligent, their culture's long dependence on a military-industrial scheme has led to an emphasis on might over science. In some regards, the advent of the Covenant made this position easier-allowing the Sangheili to concentrate even more mono-manically on military endeavors, while Prophets took care of science and technology. Despite this, their adeptness at using and creating technology is evident. It is probable that they designed many of the Covenant's warship types themselves. They demonstrated their superiority at space combat in the battle with the Brutes over Installation 00.

Promotion in the Covenant military is by merit; a Covenant soldier must succeed to advance among the ranks. Success is often measured in scalps. A Zealot, for example, has personally slaughtered thousands of individuals to reach that status.<ref>[http://www.bungie.net/News/content.aspx?type=topnews&cid=697 '''Bungie.net''': ''The Covenant Primer'']</ref>

Raised from childhood to be warriors, other societal roles are treated as secondary endeavors or even hobbies, and are not honored at all. Elites are very skilled in most weapons such as plasma rifle and carbine, and hand-to-hand combat. One interesting example of this martial focus is that only aristocrats are allowed to wield swords and that sword-wielders are then no longer eligible for marriage; however, they may breed with any female they choose, married or otherwise, to ensure successful transmission of "swordsman" genes. Many Sangheili children are trained in basic swordsmanship early on, both for personal development and for them to be capable of using a sword later in life if necessary.

In many ways, the Sangheili are not dissimilar to humans. They communicate, are loyal to their superiors and comrades, become protective of their troops and become angry and vengeful if other Sangheili are killed. They fear very little, taking great pride in an ancient, honor-laden code. Even when mortally wounded, the Sangheili still charge towards the enemy in a doomed last minute attack. Sangheili honor also dictates that they always be the first ones into a battle, and to never allow themselves to be captured alive.{{citation needed}} The more honorable captured Sangheili typically commit suicide while in prison to retain some measure of honor; often times when they are freed those who have not are executed anyway, as was the case with one of Thel Vadam's ancestors. However, escaping or staging an uprising is acceptable, by the same example. <ref name="CP170">'''[[Halo: The Cole Protocol]]''', ''pages 170, 195-196''</ref>

===Respect and honor===

The Sangheili display respect and admiration for honorable fighters, whether they are allies of the Sangheili or not. It is not unusual for the Sangheili to have such an admiration for their adversaries. Sangheili respect and revere veterans and often follow their lead. Their history is rife with victorious combatants welcoming the defeated enemies' remaining forces into their own army, provided of course that they fought with honor. During the [[Unggoy Rebellion]], the most tenacious of the Unggoy who survived the conflict were admitted for the first time into previously all-Sangheili forces, much to the Prophets' discontent.<ref>'''[[Halo: Contact Harvest]]''', ''page 151''</ref> It is likely that survivors of this group of Unggoy were among the Unggoy supporting the Sangheili during the Great Schism, out of respect, and dislike of the Covenant.

The Sangheili code of honor appears quite similar to [[Wikipedia:Bushido|Japanese Bushido]], sharing concepts such as skill in combat (with an emphasis on swordsmanship), loyalty to master and family/clan, and views on death.  Both systems promote death in battle as being the most honorable and proper way to die.  If a warrior is critically injured, incapacitated, or captured, the only acceptable recourse is to commit ritualistic suicide, ensuring one's honor is kept intact.  This was of such import to Sangheili warriors that even if they were incapable of killing themselves, they requested the assistance of their fellow Sangheili in doing so.<ref>'''[[Halo: The Cole Protocol]]''', ''page 170''</ref>  

Despite their martial nature, the Sangheili have reservations to the spilling of one's own blood. This is an extension of the belief that the blood of a warrior is his essence (honor); thus, to spill one's blood is to lose one's honor.<ref name="Cole Protocol"/> As a result, in Sangheili culture, doctors are seen by many as the lowest members of society because they "..make [their] living slicing and causing another Sangheili to bleed without honor."<ref name="Cole Protocol">'''[[Halo: The Cole Protocol]]''', ''page 143''</ref> This meant that the only 'honorable' way for a Sangheili to be injured or bleed out is from combat with the enemy. This belief also makes visiting a doctor very shameful for some Sangheili.

It is believed among the Sangheili that a weapon is only to be drawn if it is to be used, because a drawn weapon "demands blood."<ref>'''Halo: The Cole Protocol''', ''page 138''</ref>

The Sangheili have no unified government; they are splintered into numerous feudal,<ref name="tcp93">'''Halo: The Cole Protocol''', ''page 93''</ref> meritocratic states.<ref name="page89">'''Halo: The Cole Protocol''', ''page 89''</ref> A given state is governed by a single clan residence and assembly house known as a [[keep]], headed by a [[kaidon]] selected by a council of [[elder]]s. There are usually a number of "client keeps" belonging to different clans under the leading keep's rule,<ref name="glass2">'''Halo: Glasslands''', ''page 94''</ref> though a state's elders will assume the kaidon's clan name as a title signifying their position, regardless of the name of their own family keep.<ref>'''Halo: Glasslands''', ''page 57''</ref>

In Sangheili culture, it is customary to settle disagreements with authority by assassination, though one has to use personal weapons in order for the practice to be considered honorable.<ref>'''Halo: Glasslands''', ''page 93''</ref> For example, if a council elder believes that his vote was "ill advised" or "had second thoughts", it is considered a tradition for council elders to initiate some form of attack, such as sending assassins, against the kaidon in order "...to test the true merit of [the] ruler's martial abilities."<ref name="page89"/> The belief was that "a kaidon who could not defend himself was not a true leader."<ref name="Cole Protocol"/> Should the attack fail, the responsible elder will be executed immediately, and his family will be killed. However, punishment for this form of heresy was usually flexible. As such, if the elder did something honorable, such as attack the kaidon himself, or attempted to make a final stand against the kaidon, then he would probably have managed to save his family from certain death, although they might still be banished.

Family history and lineage are greatly valued, with each family having their own unique "battle poem" detailing the deeds and actions of its members during times of war.

Although Sangheili society is classified as being patriarchal,<ref name="Bestiarum"/> and while most males serve as warriors, female Sangheili hold considerable power in political matters, civil duties and trade, while Sangheili males are sent into service as warriors. The most powerful females are also allowed to control bloodlines and choose their mates, and may sometimes have little regard for warriors.<ref>'''Halo: Glasslands''', Chapter 2, ''page ??''</ref>

Sangheili warriors form very close-knitted relationships, referring to their comrades as "brothers" and remaining intensely loyal to them. This loyalty is shown in the custom of grieving after the death of a fallen comrade, a ritual which includes prayer for the dead warrior.

In some clans, Sangheili children are raised in "common rooms" to ensure that all start on an equal footing and progress in rank by merit of their abilities. Members of some Sangheili clans rarely know their true fathers, and are usually raised by a maternal uncle instead. This may be a method of preventing status from being inherited in order to force children to make their own way in the world so they actively work for and earn advancement. However, as some children's fathers were swordsmen who were granted the right to reproduce with any number of female Sangheili they desire, the use of a maternal uncle as a father-like figure may have also been used to allow children to be raised equally. Sangheili believe that copulation without regard for the bloodline is uncultured. A popular pastime for Sangheili children is to hunt small rat-like creatures that live on their homeworld.<ref>'''[[Halo: The Flood]]''', ''page 5''</ref>

The Sangheili place great value in their names, and it is considered both a privilege and an honor for only those proved worthy. The Sangheili generally consider humans to be nameless (one notable exception being the Spartans encountered in the battlefield, whom they exclusively refer to as "Demons"), and resent that the humans have assigned the label "Elite" to them (although they have been given many other names far more derogatory, such as squid-head, split lip, split face, etc). The word "Elite" is often transposed as an English translation of their own name in-game and in other media.

The surname of each individual comes from their lineage. Thel 'Vadam, for example, was from the [[Vadam]] lineage. Some lineages, such as Vadam, have control over their own states,<ref name="tcp93"/> although this is not always the case; it is typical for Sangheili of other lineages to occupy smaller keeps in a state named after another lineage.<ref name="blood"/><ref name="glass2"/>

A Sangheili's first name is a given name that is attained at birth, which persists until adulthood. The family name may carry a suffix, such as the "-ee" suffix, an honorific indicating that the Sangheili is a military participant. Since the Great Schism, most Sangheili in the rebellious faction have removed their name of the '-ee' suffix.<ref>''Halo Encyclopedia'', page 126</ref> Most Sangheili have names with this kind of construction.<ref>'''[[Halo: Combat Evolved: Sybex Official Strategies & Secrets]]''', ''page 48''</ref> It appears that additional titles may be given to those of very high rank, such as [[Xytan 'Jar Wattinree]]. Since "Jar" is not a part of the standard Sangheili name, it may be assumed that it denotes Xytan's status as [[Imperial Admiral]], although this has yet to be confirmed. There is only one other known instance of this naming strucure: [[Voro 'Mantakree]], who was given the additional title "Nar" to denote his status as a Fleet Master. Apart from the "-ee" suffix, the suffix "-ai" denotes swordsmanship, as with [[Bero 'Kusovai]] and [[Toha 'Sumai]].<ref>''Halo Encyclopedia'', page 125</ref>

The apostrophe in front of the clan name indicates a sound in between a glottal stop or click. <ref>'''Halo: Glasslands''', ''page 326''</ref>

==Homeworld==

Sanghelios is the homeworld of the Sangheili species with a population of 8.135 billion. Sanghelios is the fourth planet in a [[wikipedia:Multiple_star_system|Triple Star System]] of stars [[Urs]], [[Fied]], and [[Joori]]. The planet has two Moons called [[Qikost]] and [[Suban]]. Many Forerunner artifacts exist on the planet, which are (or at least were) the topic of worship, as well as the cause of historical wars between the Sangheili and the San 'Shyuum before the formation of the Covenant.<ref name="Bestiarum"/> Sanghelios is divided into provinces, which are subdivided into states. Each state is owned by a lineage, and everyone born in that state adopts the lineage's name as a surname. Each state is controlled by a Kaidon, who is advised by Elders.

Sangheili are promoted based upon their skills, abilities, and the number of casualties they inflict upon their enemy. A high-ranking Sangheili may have personally slaughtered thousands of enemies throughout his military career. Higher-ranking Sangheili wear more complex armor, much like in the Jiralhanae rank system.

|The Imperial Admiral's role is to command the whole fleet of the Covenant. Only one such Sangheili is known by name: [[Xytan 'Jar Wattinree]].

|The rank of Field Marshal is a very high position within the Zealot class. Besides leading large-scale ground operations, akin to the lower-ranking Field Masters, Field Marshals are known to lead small strike teams composed of Zealot officers.

|Zealot is a group of religiously devout high-ranking warriors which often operate separately from the rest of Covenant military.

|The Special Operations Commander is in charge of a Covenant fleet's Special Operations division.<ref>'''Halo: The Essential Visual Guide''', ''page 175''</ref> Special Operations Commanders occasionally receive missions personally from the Hierarchs. The only Sangheili known to hold this rank is [[Rtas 'Vadum]].

===Other ranks and titles===

In times of an extraordinary crisis, the High Council bestows the rank of the Arbiter on a single Sangheili.<ref>'''Halo 2''', ''[[The Arbiter (Level)|The Arbiter]]''</ref> The most notable Arbiters are the ones of the [[Unggoy Rebellion]], the [[Taming of the Lekgolo]], [[Fal 'Chavamee]], [[Ripa 'Moramee]], and most notable of all, [[Thel 'Vadam]]ee, the Arbiter who stopped the [[Heretics|Covenant heretics]] on Threshold's [[Gas Mine]] and then aiding the UNSC and Covenant Separatists in the Great Schism. The armor of the Arbiter is an ancient version of the current Sangheili harness, which has primitive active camouflage that only last for a variably short period of time. The Prophets have also used the position of Arbiter to send those due to be executed unceremoniously on so-called "suicide missions" so that they can regain their lost honor and die a glorious death in battle.

;[[Councilor]]

The Councilors share power with the minor Prophets on the High Council. After the [[Changing of the Guard]], the Councilors were taken to Installation 05, where most were murdered by the Jiralhanae. A number were saved by fellow Sangheili during the early stages of the [[Great Schism]], some of whom assisted in the fight against Tartarus.

Only one Councilor is known by name: [[Soha 'Rolamee]]. Based on this, Councilors must be required to submit to a certain degree of military participation, given 'Rolamee's '-ee' suffix.

;[[Supreme Commander]]

The Supreme Commander appears to be the Covenant equivalent of the human "Commander-in-Chief". The only known Supreme Commander was Thel 'Vadamee, who commanded three fleets during the [[Fall of Reach]], while serving as fleetmaster of his own [[Fleet of Particular Justice]], which he took to [[Installation 04]].

;[[Fleet Master]]

Fleet Master is a title given to a high-ranking Sangheili in command of a [[Covenant fleet|fleet]], though they do not command armadas as massive as those led by Supreme Commanders.

;[[Shipmaster]]

Shipmasters are Sangheili command individual ships, though they sometimes command small task forces, as well. The term "Shipmaster" is not exclusive to Sangheili, and is universally used by the Covenant to refer to an individual of any species in command of a starship.

;[[Field Master]]

Field Masters are Sangheili who lead land-based armies, though they do not rank as highly as Field Marshals.

;[[Kaidon]]

Kaidons are leaders of particular States on Sanghelios, and the heads of their lineages. They are advised and elected by a council of elders. They may also serve in the Covenant military, though kaidon does not appear to be a military rank.<ref name="Cole Protocol"/>

Oracle Masters are apparently advisors to the High Council and to the High Prophets, specializing in intelligence gathering and providing religious counsel to high-ranking Prophets and Sangheili Councilors.  

;[[Aristocrat]]

Aristocrats are important members of Sangheili society, allowed to wield energy swords. They are unable to marry but are allowed to mate with any female, married or unmarried, to ''"pass on the genes of sword fighting and the nobility."'' Aristocrats can hold nearly any military rank. <ref name="Bestiarum"/>

;[[Ossoona]]

Ossoona, a term that translates as "Eye of the Prophets", are Sangheili who are used as special-purpose espionage agents. They are not properly equipped for heavy combat, as they are intended for information gathering on enemy weapons and military data.<ref name="Halo:The Flood p.28">'''Halo: The Flood''', ''Page 28''</ref> One of the major items of information the Ossoona were tasked with discovering was the location of Earth.<ref name="Halo:The Flood p.28"/> It is a temporary rank only granted to those who have attained at least the rank of Major, the reason being that a Minor's lack of experience could cause them to be very easily compromised or that they may abandon the mission outright in pursuit of personal glory. It is not given to Sangheili of higher rank because they are considered too valuable and would rather engage in combat.{{citation needed}} The only known Ossoona was [[Isna 'Nosolee]].<ref name="Halo:The Flood p.28"/>

;[[Ascetics]]

The Ascetics are a special group of Sangheili devoted to ensuring stability and purity within their society. The Ascetic armor has been made to inflict a psychological fear by the use of special elements in the armor, such as the two "fins" protruding from the helmet and bright, glowing orange lenses.

;[[Commando Unit|Commando]]

The Sangheili Commando unit is a branch of the Special Warfare Group based upon pre-contact ground forces. Sangheili Commandos possess hardened communication gear and up-link capable equipment that an ordinary Sangheili wouldn't have access to. Their armor is streamlined for better maneuverability in close encounters. The armor is lightweight and advanced internal equipment increase the overall effectiveness of an individual Sangheili.

Prison guards, as their name suggests, provide security for Sangheili prisons such as [[Weeping Shadows of Sorrow]].  

;[[Weapons Master]]

Weapons Masters are Sangheili engineers who maintain and improve equipment used by the Covenant.

===Heretic rank structure===

[[Sesa 'Refumee]], the leader of the [[heretics]], wore armor that was modified from a standard combat harnesses, featuring body pieces with modified shapes and designs in shades of red and upgraded with a Sangheili Ranger's thruster pack. This gave him a unique advantage in combat, but it was not enough for him to defeat Arbiter Thel 'Vadamee, who slew him during the [[Battle of the Gas Mine]].

;[[Heretic Sangheili Major|Heretic Major]]

Heretic Majors served as the commanders of the [[heretic Unggoy]] and heretic Sangheili Minors. They wore gold-colored heretic armor and were equipped with Covenant carbines and [[Sentinel Beam]]s. A select few wielded energy swords. While not so skilled in the energy swords use as Sangheili Honor Guardsmen, Councilors, Zealots, or Ultras, they were quite dangerous due to their crafty flanking maneuvering and teamwork with other heretics.

;[[Heretic Sangheili Minor|Heretic Minor]]

Heretic Minors were the file leaders of the heretic Unggoy. They wore brown heretic armor and wielded Covenant carbines and, occasionally, Sentinel Beams. They had superb accuracy, far superior to normal Sangheili Minors. Many were skilled Banshee pilots who flew in pairs, supplementing their effectiveness.

{{Elite Ranks}}

{{Quotes Link}}

{{Gameplay link}}

*The dialogue spoken by the Sangheili of ''Halo: Combat Evolved'' was made by reversing and slowing sound clips of [[Sergeant Johnson]]. "Wort! Wort! Wort!" is the reversed phrase, "Go! Go! Go!". With the [[IWHBYD]] Skull turned on in ''Halo 3'', they will occasionally say their trademark, "Wort! Wort! Wort!".{{Citation needed}}

*[[Jason Jones]] at first wanted the Sangheili to have tails, but [[Shi Kai Wang]] talked him out of it by arguing that the Sangheili would look too animalistic, as opposed to being an intelligent race. An additional point was that when the Sangheili sit, the only place their tails could go was folded between their legs, creating a seriously awkward appearance.<ref>'''[[The Art of Halo]]''', ''page 23''</ref>

*Sangheili culture is comparable to that of the ancient [[wikipedia:Spartans|Spartans]] of [[human]]ity's past. Rank is achieved by success, and much of their lives revolve around war.

*It is mentioned in ''Ghosts of Onyx'' that Sangheili would rather die with their weapons out of energy than pick up fully loaded human weapons, yet they show no shame when they obtain them in ''Halo 3'' and ''Halo 2''. They will sometimes even thank the player when handed a powerful human weapon such as the Rocket Launcher. This is likely because they are Covenant Separatists, and no longer view humans as heretics, nor their weapons 'unclean'.

*Although the player is not able to dual wield in ''Halo: Reach'', Elites are occasionally seen dual wielding Plasma Rifles.

*In ''[[Halo: The Fall of Reach]]'', a Sangheili is said to have green blood when it has been purple in all game appearances to date. <ref name="Fall of Reach">'''[[Halo: The Fall of Reach]]''', ''page 327''</ref>

*The Elites are the first Covenant species the player encounters in most of the ''Halo'' games: when you make your way to the bridge of the ''Pillar of Autumn'' in ''Halo: Combat Evolved'', at the trial of the Thel 'Vadamee in ''Halo 2'', and in the opening cut scene of ''Halo 3''. In ''Halo Wars'', they are seen in the first cutscene during a battle on [[Harvest]] fighting against UNSC [[UNSC Marine Corps|Marines]]. In ''Halo: Reach'' a [[Secret SpecOps Sangheili|camouflaged Elite]] can be found at the beginning of the [[Winter Contingency (level)|Winter Contingency]], though only on Legendary or it will not appear.

*There has been a running inconsistency in the franchise regarding when humans first encountered the Sangheili. According to the original edition of ''Halo: The Fall of Reach'', Elites had not been deployed to combat against the UNSC prior to the Fall of Reach when John-117 encountered one above Reach.<ref>'''Halo: The Fall of Reach (2001)''', ''pages 242, 309''</ref> However, this has been abandoned in newer sources, most of which depict Sangheili being active in the field for most of the Human-Covenant War. Finally, the 2010 reprint of ''The Fall of Reach'' altered the references to the Sangheili being a "new" species to human forces, removing this discrepancy.

*In ''Halo: Combat Evolved'', the Sangheili have two different types of helmet appearances. One is the classical shark-like helmet with the pointed cone at the peak of the helmet. The second is slightly different with a wide, crest-like and curved upper piece on the helmet instead of the classical conical helmet.

*An exclusive set of Sangheili Officer armor is included with the [[Halo: Reach Limited Edition|Limited]] and [[Halo: Reach Legendary Edition|Legendary]] editions of ''Halo: Reach''.

*In ''Halo 3'', Sangheili pupils turn to vertical slits upon death, whereas they are circular and centered when they are alive. This is because they have horizontal eye-lids, which can be seen when they blink, and this is simply their eyes closed while dead.

*In ''Halo: Reach'', the Sangheili HUD compass has Covenant markings instead of cardinal directions. Sangheili [[night vision]] is also purple, as opposed to the green used by Spartans. However, Sangheili night vision is only available in Firefight Versus, when playing as Elites. The Sangheili HUD also features a target tracking system.

*Over the course of development for ''Halo Wars'', the Sangheili character model used in the cinematics went through at least 2 revisions. The initial version seen in the announcement trailer was later revised, being far closer in size, proportion, and overall physiology to the portrayal of the species in Bungie's games than the version in the trailer.

==Voice talents==

*[[Keith David]] - [[Thel 'Vadam]] (Arbiter)

*[[Robert Davi]] - [[Rtas 'Vadum]] (Special Operations Commander)

*[[David Scully]] - Sangheili (in ''Halo: Combat Evolved'', ''Halo 2'', ''Halo 3'', and ''Halo: Reach'')

*[[Miguel Ferrer]] - [[Sesa 'Refumee]] (Heretic Leader)

*[[Norm Woodel]] - Sangheili (in ''Halo 2'')

*[[Ron Hippe]] - Sangheili (in ''Halo 3'')

*David Sobolov - [[Ripa 'Moramee]] (Arbiter), and Elites (in ''Halo Wars'')

<gallery widths="160">

File:Early Elite Study.jpg|An early Elite study.

File:E32000.png|An early Elite during Halo's production in 1999.

File:Early_Elite.jpg|Another screenshot of Elites during ''Halo's'' production.

File:Sangheili concept.jpg|Revised concept for ''[[Halo: Combat Evolved]]''

File:Goldlunge.jpg|A [[Zealot]] prepares to lunge.

File:Shade.jpg|A [[Minor Sangheili]] fires at enemies with a [[Shade]] from ''Halo: Combat Evolved''.

File:Ossoona.jpg|An Elite multiplayer character model from ''Halo 2''.

File:1208527543 Elites standard 2.jpg|An Elite multiplayer character model from ''Halo 3''.

File:Elite Comparisons2.jpg|Different incarnations of the Sangheili in the main ''Halo'' games. ''Halo: Reach'' iteration seen on far right.

File:SangheiliCermArmor.png|Sangheili Honor Guards wearing a different type of ceremonial armor from Halo Legends' ''[[The Babysitter]]''.

File:Halo Reach Biped Comparison.png|A size comparison of an Elite from ''Halo: Reach'' and a [[SPARTAN-III]].

File:ReachSangheili.png|A Sangheili readying an [[Energy dagger|arm-mounted energy blade]].

File:Reach 5704518 Medium.jpg|The model of an armorless Elite as seen in ''Halo: Reach'' via a [[Armor_Ability#Holographic_Decoy|hologram]] glitch.

File:Elitesv3.png|The current elite armor permutations/ranks available for ''Halo: Reach''.

File:Halo Wars - Elite.jpg|Cinematic render of a Sangheili from ''Halo Wars''.

File:COVENANT Elite.jpg|Model concept art of a Sangheili Minor from ''Halo Wars''.

File:ReachConcept-Elite.png|Concept art of a Sangheili for ''Halo: Reach'', showing some planned anatomical features such as the additional claws or the skin braids.

File:ReachConcept EliteMinor.png|''Halo: Reach'' concept art of a Sangheili Minor.

File:ReachConcept EliteOfficer.png|Halo: Reach concept art of a Sangheili Officer.

File:Halo Reach Sangheili.png|A ''Halo: Reach'' pre-alpha image of a white-armored Sangheili Officer.

File:1771872-gallery.png|Concept art of a Sangheili in ''[[Halo Legends]]: [[Homecoming]]''.

<references group="Notes"/>

{{Reflist|2}}

 

{{Covenant}}

[[Category:Elites]]

[[Category:Covenant Species]]

[[Category:Host Species]]

[[Category:Living Organisms]]

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