Editing Insurrectionist

{{Status|Canon}}

*[[Ilsa Zane]]

The '''Insurrectionists''', also known as '''insurgents''', and '''rebels''', are groups of [[human]] individuals devoted to complete liberation from the influence of the [[Unified Earth Government]] and the [[United Nations Space Command]]. They were the UNSC's main enemy during the [[Insurrection]], an undeclared civil war between the UNSC and the numerous Insurrectionist movements across [[human colonies|human-controlled space]] which took place predominantly before the [[Human-Covenant War]], although sporadic conflicts between the two sides have continued since. Some Insurrectionist cells have formed more complex alliances or factions, including the [[United Rebel Front]]. They are commonly called '''Innies''': this is an ironic name, as they actually "want ''out''."<ref>'''Halo: Contact Harvest''', ''page 11''</ref><ref name="ch46">'''Halo: Contact Harvest''', ''page 46''</ref> Insurrectionists are sometimes also referred to as '''separatists''',<ref name="is1">'''[[Halo: Helljumper]]''', ''[[Halo: Helljumper Issue 1|Issue 1]]''</ref> although there is some distinction between the two terms.<ref name="jorge">[http://halo.bungie.net/projects/reach/article.aspx?ucc=personnel&cid=24524 '''Bungie.net''' - ''Jorge-052''] (''"Vocal in his support of provincial self-rule; just as vocal in his condemnation of the '''separatist and insurrectionist''' movements."'')</ref>

Most Insurrectionists originated as disgruntled [[Outer Colonies|Outer Colony]] citizens who perceived the [[Unified Earth Government]] as a draconian oppressor and did not believe in advancing their cause through diplomacy. However, a portion of Insurrectionists were also former UNSC and [[Colonial Military Authority|CMA]] defectors; the entire leadership of the United Rebel Front was comprised of ex-UNSC generals, and the rebels had connections across the UNSC, including [[UNSC Fleet Command|FLEETCOM]].<ref name="tfor76">'''Halo: The Fall of Reach''', ''pages 76-77'' (2001)</ref> In addition to those who sincerely believed in their cause of liberation, the movement also attracted a number of opportunists and mercenaries who joined them for monetary gain.<ref name="Halo page 448">'''Halo: Glasslands''', ''page 448''</ref>

Different groups of rebels used a variety of tactics to combat the UNSC, ranging from using sabotaged and suborned industrial automata to ship-to-ship combat.<ref name="TM">[http://www.barkeranimation.com/the-mechanic-halo-5-artwork-by-john-liberto.html '''Halo 5: Guardians''' concept art description]</ref> Some factions, including the [[Freedom and Liberation Party]] and assorted groups at [[Epsilon Eridani system|Epsilon Eridani]], resorted to terrorism, striking targets with explosives to sow fear and chaos in the region. Meanwhile, [[Lyrenne Castilla]]'s group focused on space combat, capturing UNSC warships, such as the [[UNSC corvette|corvette]] ''[[UNSC Callisto|Callisto]]'' and the [[UNSC frigate|frigate]] ''[[Bellicose]]'', and turning them against the [[UNSC Navy]] in bloody ship-to-ship duels throughout the Outer Colonies. One tactic among Insurrectionist ground forces was to use performance-enhancing chemicals known as [[Rumbledrug]]s that radically increased the subject's physical strength and pain tolerance, but would also cause irreversible physiological damage that would kill the user shortly after. Notably, they were used to combat the [[SPARTAN programs|Spartans]] due to the temporary superhuman strength they granted.

The Insurrectionists, in particular the [[United Rebel Front]], had highly organized intelligence divisions and a far-flung network of facilities, comprised of a network of different rebel movements, such as the cell at Eridanus. They have commanded facilities across human-controlled space, including [[Eridanus Secundus]] and [[Station Jefferson]] in the Eridanus asteroid belt as well as [[Camp New Hope]] on planet [[Victoria]]. They also had a high explosives manufacturing facility, operations on [[wikipedia:Micronesia|Micronesia]], and a saboteur cell on [[Reach]]. All these operations were shut down by the Spartans of [[Blue Team]].{{Ref/Reuse|Onyx36}} The Insurrectionists possess a multitude of warships and many operate entire fleets. Their most prominent fleet, a ragtag collection of ships commanded by [[Lyrenne Castilla]], would continue to exist well into the Human-Covenant War and unexpectedly aid [[Preston J. Cole|Admiral Cole]] in the [[Battle of Psi Serpentis]].{{Ref/Reuse|cole}}

Public opinion on the Insurrectionists ranged from sympathetic to adverse; there were also some—such as [[Jorge-052]]—who supported the notion of colonial autonomy while strongly condemning Insurrectionist violence.{{Ref/Reuse|jorge}} UNSC [[propaganda]] and ardent supporters of the central government underlined the unity of humankind as a whole, casting the Insurrectionists as freeloaders unwilling to contribute to the common good.<ref>'''[[Halo 4: Forward Unto Dawn: Lecture]]'''</ref> [[UNSC High Command|HIGHCOM]], along with some proponents of the UNSC, maintained the view presented by [[Elias Carver|Dr. Elias Carver]] in the ''[[Carver Findings]]''; that peace in the colonies could only be achieved through military intervention.<ref name="enc44">'''[[Halo Encyclopedia (2009 edition)]]''', ''page 44''</ref> Meanwhile, many civilians on [[Earth]] and the [[Inner Colonies]], themselves away from the violence, believed that the UEG could have ended the war by meeting the Insurrectionists' demands and giving them their independence.{{Ref/Reuse|ch46}} Both the [[ORION Project]] and the [[SPARTAN-II program]] were created by the UNSC in response to the Insurrectionists, with the intent of producing supersoldiers to pacify the colonies by way of using low-profile special forces to eliminate the rebel leadership in accordance with the suggestions of Dr. Carver.{{Ref/Reuse|enc44}}

==Biography==

Most Insurrectionist movements stirred in the [[Outer Colonies]], with the [[Insurrection|war]] [[Callisto Incident|starting]] in the year [[2494]], where many [[Human colonies|colonists]] started to demand independence from both the [[United Earth Government]] and the [[United Nations Space Command]]. Many citizens of the Outer Colonies considered the [[Earth]] government to be oppressive and imperialistic, partly due to their having to pay taxes to the [[Inner Colonies]] and general opinion that the Earth did not represent them. Over the next two decades, the fighting spread to some of the Inner Colonies, particularly the [[Epsilon Eridani system]], the heart of the UNSC military.

In [[2525]], the [[Office of Naval Intelligence]] reported that it had uncovered a breach within [[UNSC Fleet Command]]: there were several spies for the Insurrectionists within FLEETCOM. They had also discovered that the rebels were led by [[Colonel]] [[Robert Watts]] and that they had connections to the outside world and were being supplied by outside sources such as the cargo [[freighter]] ''[[Laden]]''.{{Ref/Reuse|tfor76}} That year, a group of [[SPARTAN-II program|SPARTAN-IIs]] underwent a covert operation and captured Watts from the very heart of the rebel operations base, the rebel stronghold at [[Eridanus Secundus]], killing many rebel soldiers and civilians who were present at the base.

Circa [[2525]]-[[2526]], UNSC forces were sent to put down Insurrectionist forces on [[Jericho VII]]. [[ODST]]s were deployed on the planet for over 131 days, being dropped on a rebel stronghold at one point.<ref name="ReferenceA">'''[[Halo 4: Forward Unto Dawn]]''', ''Part 1''</ref> Around the same time, a group of Insurrectionists were engaging UNSC Marines and Spartan-IIs when both sides came under attack by the Covenant; the two groups subsequently fought together against the aliens.<ref>'''Halo 4: Forward Unto Dawn''', ''Part 3''</ref> That same year, an Insurrectionist cell on [[Alpha Corvi II]] led by Captain [[Whitaker]] allied themselves with SPARTAN-II [[Blue Team]] when the Covenant [[Battle of Alpha Corvi II|invaded]] the planet. Despite this truce, the Spartans' superiors abandoned their rebel allies, resulting in the complete annihilation of the rebels despite their invaluable assistance to the UNSC.<ref>'''Halo: Collateral Damage''', ''Part 3''</ref>  

By [[2531]], SPARTAN-II [[Blue Team]] was deployed to root out Insurrectionist operations over the course of several months. They disrupted rebel operations including ''[[Station Jefferson]]'', the destroyer ''[[Origami]]'', a saboteur cell on Reach, an incident in [[wikipedia:Micronesia|Micronesia]], and a high-explosives manufacturing facility at an unspecified location.<ref name="Onyx36">'''Halo: Ghosts of Onyx''', ''page 36''</ref> In response, the rebels gathered three stolen [[FENRIS nuclear warhead]]s at [[Camp New Hope]] in a way so sloppy that the Office of Naval Intelligence easily noticed, then contacted the UNSC and offered to trade the nukes in exchange for medicine for their people allegedly suffering from [[Boren's Syndrome]]. The rebel leader, [[General]] [[Howard Graves]], then set a trap for Blue Team, whom they anticipated would be sent. During [[Operation: SMOKING ACES]], the rebels successfully ambushed [[John-117]], [[Frederic-104]], [[Kelly-087]] and [[Linda-058]] by using an [[antigravity plate]]. However, the rebels were unaware of the presence of a fifth Spartan; a new addition to the team, [[Kurt-051]], who had avoided the trap. Kurt was able to free the other members of Blue Team and they then retreated from the camp with the recovered warheads before the camp could launch a proper counterattack. General Graves was killed in the process.

By [[2552]], most remaining Insurrectionist factions had ceased active aggression against the UNSC in order to concentrate on surviving the seemingly unstoppable Covenant advance. Still, some rebel movements actively opposed the UNSC on worlds such as [[Harmony]] and [[Reach]] as late as 2552. In 2552, the Spartans returned to the Eridanus asteroid belt aboard the {{UNSCShip|Gettysburg}}-''[[Ascendant Justice]]'' hybrid vessel to make repairs. [[Jacob Jiles|Governor Jacob Jiles]] was the leader of the rebels at that time. Jiles engaged in a brief "showdown" with UNSC [[Vice Admiral]] [[Danforth Whitcomb]], in which Whitcomb threatened to fire ''Ascendant Justice'''s [[plasma turret]]s, while Jiles claimed to aim nuclear weapons at ''Ascendant Justice''. The two soon revealed to one another that all but one of Whitcomb's plasma cannons were nonfunctional and that Jiles' nukes were fake. Suddenly, a Covenant cruiser that had followed the trail of the vessel appeared in the system. After a short fight, the Covenant ship was destroyed after dealing severe damage to the ''Gettysburg''-''Ascendant Justice''. Several days later, three dozen Covenant vessels appeared in the system, forcing the ''Gettysburg''-''Ascendant Justice'' to retreat. The Covenant then eradicated the base entirely. The Eridanus rebels were massacred in the process.

After the [[Voi Memorial|end]] of the Human-Covenant War in [[2553]], many Insurrectionist movements which had ceased their operations during the war began to resurface. Entire colonies under Insurrectionist control had intentionally cut themselves off the UNSC's [[communications relay]] network during the war.<ref>'''Halo: Glasslands''', ''page 68''</ref> Despite the UNSC's attempts to broker peace with the surviving Outer Colonies and [[Fleet Admiral]] [[Terrence Hood]] embarking on a diplomatic mission to discuss reconstruction, entire colonies refused and cut all ties with the UNSC, which, according to them, had abandoned them during the war.<ref>'''Halo: Glasslands''', ''page 70''</ref> After the end of the war, many Insurrectionist cells were also able to acquire copious amounts of Covenant and UNSC weapons and equipment circulating in the [[black market]].{{Ref/Reuse|Halo page 448}}

In [[2553#January|January 2553]], a group of Insurrectionists led by [[Ilsa Zane]] of the [[New Colonial Alliance]] attempted a hostile takeover of the {{UNSCShip|Infinity}}. The attack was repelled, largely due to the efforts of Spartans [[Sarah Palmer]] and [[Edward Davis]]. This incident exposed [[Admiral]] [[Mattius Drake]] as secretly the leader of the New Colonial Alliance.<ref name="init3">'''Halo: Initiation''', ''[[Halo: Initiation Issue 3|Issue #3]]''</ref>

After their failed assault on Ealen IV, Captain Clayton lured Admiral Hood and the UNSC ''Infinity'' into a trap. They launched a freighter, the ''[[Pilgrims Pride]]'', which sent out a distress signal that was later picked up by ''Infinity''. When ''Infinity'' arrived in the [[Artesia-702 system]], it found the damaged freighter leaking atomic matter with faint life signs aboard and tugged the ship into one of its deployment bays. An ambush was sprung within the bay when the freighter set itself to self-destruct and multiple UNSC aircraft exited its cargo bay. The attack was repelled and ''Infinity'' later discovered the assault crafts used were from the ''Spirit of Fire''.<ref>'''Halo: Escalation''', ''[[Halo: Escalation Issue 4|Issue #4]]''</ref> ''Infinity'' tracked the freighter's origin to [[Oth Lodon]] where it found a [[Oth Lodon station|Covenant space station]] operated by NCA forces. Captain Clayton revealed himself and his motives to Lord Hood and fired on ''Infinity'' with the station's [[energy projector]].{{Ref/Reuse|HE5}} In the battle that followed, Admiral Hood was injured and the ''Infinity'' suffered serious casualties among its command crew, but remained operational and deployed its Spartan-IV personnel commanded by [[Sarah Palmer]] to retaliate against the NCA assault. The NCA operatives aboard and Captain Clayton himself were quickly incapacitated and captured, but their allies in Vata 'Gajat's mercenary faction were also present and attempted to assault ''Infinity''. This attacked failed when the Spartans used the station's main cannon to destroy 'Gajat's vessel, killing him and subsequently taking the surviving NCA personnel into custody as the damaged ''Infinity'' was reinforced by the UNSC.<ref>'''Halo: Escalation''', ''[[Halo: Escalation Issue 6|Issue #6]]''</ref>

[[File:FoR innies.png|thumb|250px|Insurrectionist soldiers in [[Eridanus Secundus]].]]

The Eridanus-based rebels utilized numerous vessels, including upgraded [[Dropship 77-Troop Carrier|Pelican]] dropships, [[Mako-class corvette]]s, and [[Chiroptera-class subprowler]]s as an improvised fleet. They had at least a hundred such vessels in their fleet at any time. Two [[Laden-class freighter]]s were also used as part of their improvised fleet, being used to tow the damaged hybrid vessel ''Gettysburg''/''Ascendant Justice'' back to Eridanus Secundus. They received almost everything in their armament and ships from pirating other vessels, including both civilian merchant vessels and UNSC warships. They also used [[Parabola-class freighter]]s such as the ''[[Laden]]'', to ship diverse equipment, resources, and weapons from planet systems to their base.

Camp New Hope, the headquarters of Graves' rebel cell, had an impressive security system, even by Spartan standards: motion and seismic sensors, a triple layering of guards, trained dogs and overhead [[MAKO drone]]s.<ref name="Onyx31">'''Halo: Ghosts of Onyx''', ''page 31''</ref> They also had a number of arms, ranging from military grade MAKO drones and [[FENRIS nuclear warhead]]s to [[Archer missile]]s and [[.30 caliber light machine gun|.30 caliber ''"Confetti Maker"'' machine guns]].{{Ref/Reuse|Onyx31}}

The Freedom and Liberation Party was a terrorist group on [[Mamore]]. The group claimed responsibility for the [[Haven arcology|Haven arcology bombing]] in [[2511]], and later demanded that the [[Colonial Military Authority]] leave the [[Eridanus sector]].

Throughout the [[Human-Covenant War]], the Insurrectionist movement established a base of operations on the colony world of [[Venezia]]. All contact with the colony was lost by [[2543]] and it is presumed to have come under the control of an Insurrectionist government as the colony remained intact in [[2553]]. They are suspected to be planning a strike against [[Earth]] in a direct assault on the resurgent [[Unified Earth Government]].{{Ref/Reuse|glass86}}<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Halo-Glasslands-Karen-Traviss/dp/0765323931/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1318870996&sr=8-1 '''Amazon.com —''' ''Halo: Glasslands'' product description]</ref>

Taking advantage of the disparity of the post-war situation, the Insurrectionists on Venezia had managed to acquire heavy weapons of both Covenant and UNSC origin, such as [[Cheru-pattern Tyrant|Type-38 "Tyrant" AA cannons]] and [[M71 Anti-Aircraft Gun|M71 "Scythe" AA guns]].<ref>'''Halo: Glasslands''', ''page 444''</ref>

This group had a cell operating in the [[Sol System]] on [[Mars]]. Two of its members, [[Christina Rice]] and [[James McCann]], were disguised as [[UNSC Army]] specialists working in [[New Harmony (city)|New Harmony]], Mars, where they were stealing weapons for a possible attack. They were arrested on April 2, [[2526]] by UNSC forces working alongside [[Office of Naval Intelligence|ONI]] agents.{{Ref/Reuse|ReferenceA}}

 

This rebel group primarily operated out of [[Biko]].<ref name="SS6">''Halo: Silent Storm'', Chapter 6</ref>

 

The New Colonial Alliance is an Insurrectionist group active after the [[Human-Covenant War]]. This group was led by [[Admiral]] [[Mattius Drake]] who was secretly an Insurrectionist. Another prominent figure in the movement was a former [[Spartan-IV]] defector, [[Ilsa Zane]]. The NCA was responsible for a failed takeover attempt of the {{UNSCShip|Infinity}} in early [[2553]]. The rebels gained control of the ship, but they were eventually defeated by Spartan-IVs [[Sarah Palmer]] and [[Edward Davis]]. The surviving Insurrectionists were captured by the UNSC, while Zane was covertly retrieved after being kicked out into space. The failure of this attack resulted in the UNSC discovering Drake's true loyalties.{{Ref/Reuse|init3}} In [[2558]], a captain called [[Daniel Clayton]] joined the NCA and allied himself with the [[Shipmaster]] [[Vata 'Gajat]]. Clayton informed 'Gajat about an attempt at peace negotiations between the [[Sangheili]] and [[Jiralhanae]] on [[Ealen IV]]. His alliance foiled the negotiations.{{Ref/Reuse|HE5}}

File:HM Icon Insurrectionist.png|The emblem of an Insurrectionist group.

File:HW Rebel Icon 2.png|Another, similar, insurrectionist symbol.

File:HW_SciTrooper_Rebel_Concept.jpg|''[[Halo Wars]]'' concept art of an [[Unidentified insurrectionist group|insurrectionist]].

File:HW_Rebel_Camp_Concept.jpg|''Halo Wars'' concept art for Insurrectionist troops.

File:HW_Rebels.png|A group of insurrectionists on Harvest.

File:TFOR Animated Insurrectionist Guards.jpg|Two insurrectionists standing guard in [[Eridanus Secundus]] in ''[[Halo: The Fall of Reach - The Animated Series]]''

File:H5G Achievement ShootFromTheHip.png|Cut concept of John-117 fighting Insurrectionist robots in ''[[Halo 5: Guardians]]''.

File:H5G Achievement GoingTheDistance.png|More concept art

**''[[Halo 5: Guardians Limited Edition dossiers|Limited Edition dossiers]]'' {{Mo}}

{{Ref/Sources|2}}

==See also==