Editing Insurrection

{{era|HW|RE|FOR|GOO|CH|HE|LE}}
{{ratings}}

<center>''This article is about the civil war. For the loosely-organized insurrectionist factions, see [[Insurrectionist]]''.</center>
{{Clear}}
{{Infobox Military Conflicts
|name        = Insurrection
|image       = [[Image:Origins_insurrectionbattle.jpg|330px]]
|begin       = [[2494]]
|end         = [[2537]] (Last known operation)
|place       = Various systems in UNSC-controlled space
|result      = [[UNSC]] victory
|side1       = *[[United Nations Space Command]]
*[[United Earth Government]]
**[[Colonial Military Administration]]  
|side2       = *[[Insurrectionists]]
*[[United Rebel Front]]
*[[Eridanus Rebels]]
*[[Secessionist Union]]
*[[Unnamed Rebel Group]]
*[[Colonial Military Administration]] (sponsoring [[Insurrectionists]] up to [[2497]])
|commanders1 = *[[Rear Admiral]] [[Preston Cole]]
*[[Lieutenant Colonel]] [[Aboim]]
*[[Lieutenant Colonel]] [[Ponder]]†
*[[Commander]] [[Zheng]]†
*[[Lieutenant]] [[Jacob Keyes]]
|commanders2 = *[[General Howard Graves]]†
*[[Colonel]] [[Robert Watts]]
*[[Captain (Navy)|Captain]] [[Lyrenne Castilla]]
*[[Jason Kincaide]]†
|forces1     = *[[United Nations Space Command|UNSC]]
*[[United Earth Government]]
**[[Colonial Military Administration]]  
|forces2     = *[[Insurrectionists]]
*[[United Rebel Front]]
*[[Eridanus Rebels]]
*[[Secessionist Union]]
*[[Unnamed Rebel Group]]  
|casual1     = *Unknown, many UNSC ships, personnel, and millions of civilians
|casual2     = *Thousands of Insurrectionists, and vessels
}}
{{Article Quote|As William Butler Yeats said: 'The center cannot hold.' ''<ref>'''[[Halo: Evolutions]]''' - ''[[The Impossible Life and the Possible Death of Preston J. Cole]]'', page 418, from Preston Cole's essay in March 2481</ref>}}


The '''Insurrection'''<ref name="ch">''[[Halo: Contact Harvest]]''</ref> is the proper name given to an undeclared civil war fought between [[Earth]]'s primary fighting, scientific, and exploratory agency, the [[United Nations Space Command]] and [[United Rebel Front|various loosely organized]] [[Insurrectionist|groups of rebels]] over control of the [[Outer Colonies]], between the 2490's and the 2530's. Originally, the breakaway movements started as disquiet against the [[Colonial Administration Authority]]'s oversight of the Outer Colonies, with the colonists tired of the organization's bureaucracy. It first started as peaceful protests, and after years of frustrating negotiations, some groups began to use more forceful methods, eventually abandoning diplomacy in favor of terrorist tactics.

What had once been widespread support for the Insurrectionists quickly dried up at the outbreak of violence. Though they started out targeting only military and Colonial Administration targets, as the UNSC counterinsurgency operations began more and more innocent people were caught in the crossfire.<ref>''[[Halo: Contact Harvest]]'', page 61</ref>

By [[2524]], the Insurrection had claimed a million lives. The various rebel groups had become extremely adept at creating improvised explosive devices difficult for the UNSC to detect, and therefore stop, and had struck many high profile targets, [[National Holiday|even in orbit]] above [[Reach]] itself. Opponents of the war believed the simplest solution was to simply give the rebels their autonomy - for the UNSC to pull out, and let the rebels have their independence. However, the value of the colonies made them simply too important to abandon.

Originally confined mostly to a few systems including the [[Eridanus System]], the fighting spread to several other systems during the decades.<ref name="goo">''[[Halo: Ghosts of Onyx]]''</ref>

==History==

===The Outer Colony Insurgency===
[[Image:Origins_rebel.jpg|thumb|An insurrectionist leader addressing a crowd.]]
While the widespread fighting in the Outer Colonies did not start until 2494, there had been multiple isolated rebellions for some time. This led the UNSC to resurrect the [[ORION Project]] in [[2491]], to combat the increasing threat posed by civil uprisings. In [[2492]], the UNSC used [[Nuclear Weapon]]s to put down a rebellion on the colony of [[Far Isle]]. In the end, there were many separate cases that led the insurrectionists to adopt more aggressive tactics.

====The Callisto Incident====
{{Main|Callisto Incident}}

The Callisto Incident was what effectively started the war between the UNSC and Insurrectionists. The [[UNSC Callisto|UNSC ''Callisto'']], a corvette, was captured by Insurrectionists when boarding merchant vessels, and all UNSC crew aboard it were killed. In response, the UNSC sent a [[Battle Group]] of three destroyers: the {{UNSCShip|Jericho}}, the {{UNSCShip|Buenos Aires}}, and the {{UNSCShip|Las Vegas}}.

On March 2, 2494, the battle group eventually found the ''Callisto'' in the [[26 Draconis System]]. All of the ships fired six [[Ares Missile]]s at the renegade destroyer. However, the ''Callisto'' managed to avoid destruction by maneuvering behind an asteroid. The insurrectionests then detonated a [[Nuclear Weapon|nuke hidden]] inside the asteroid before hand, launching the debris toward the UNSC ships.

The ''Buenos Aires'' was engulfed in the explosion and destroyed, and the other two ships were seriously damaged. [[Second Lieutenant]] [[Preston Cole]], as the only living or conscious officer aboard the bridge of the ''Las Vegas'', took control of the vessel. He signaled the ''Callisto'', activating the ship's distress signal and requested medical aid for the wounded. When the ''Callisto'' docked with the ''Las Vegas ''in order to take command of the ship, Cole detonated the ships last Ares Missile, which had been planted inside the docking bay, critically damaging the ''Callisto''. Cole then bluffed by opening the empty missile silos on his ship and ordered the ''Callisto'' to surrender and allow ''Las Vegas'''s AI to take control.

====Preston Cole and the Bellicose====

In June [[2501]], an insurgent captured [[UNSC Frigate]], the ''[[Bellicose|Bellerophon]]'' was pursued for the third time by the ''[[UNSC Gorgon (Destroyer)|UNSC Gorgon]]'', commanded by [[Preston Cole]], into the [[Theta Ursae Majoris System]]. After a chase and battle, in which the ''Bellerphon'' managed to dodge a MAC round using excellent tactics, the ''Gorgon'' was contacted by the ''Bellerphon'', renamed the ''Bellicose''. A short exchange of taunting messages followed, and then Cole let the ''Bellicose'' escape. After laying traps in five systems over a course of three months, Cole had yet to find the captured ship. Several months later, Cole was married to [[Lyrenne Castilla]], who was also pregnant.

In June of [[2503]], eight months after Cole's marriage to Castilla, Admiral Harold Stanforth sent Cole a transmission telling him that ONI uncovered the civilian identity of the captain of the ''Bellicose'' - Lyrenne Castilla, spying on Cole. Cole went to confirm this, and found that Castilla had robbed him of everything, leaving only a printout of the exchange they had between the ''Bellicose'' and ''Gorgon''. In January of next year, four Destroyers engaged the ''Bellicose'' in the Theta Ursae Majoris system, and reported that the ship was caught in the gravitational pull of the gas giant, and destroyed.

Cole faced a court-martial for conspiring with the enemy and giving Castilla knowledge of UNSC slipspace upgrades, and possible execution. However, Harold Stanforth stepped in and saved him, however Cole was relocated to Earth with a desk job.
The ''Bellicose'' survived, however, and remained in the shadows until eventually reappearing with an Insurrectionist fleet, dealing the Covenant a crippling blow in the [[Battle of Psi Serpentis]].

===Operation: TREBUCHET===
{{Main|Operation: TREBUCHET}}

Operation: TREBUCHET was one of the largest operations in [[UNSC]] history, spanning a timeline of ten years. The goal was to counter the Insurrectionists, which was eventually successful, but at the cost of hundreds of lives.

===Kidnapping at Eridanus Secundus===
{{Main|Assault on Eridanus Secundus}}
In the year [[2525]], a [[SPARTAN-II]] team, led by [[John-117]], went on a mission to infiltrate and capture rebel leader [[Colonel]] [[Robert Watts]]. The Spartans sneaked on board via the ''[[Laden]]''. Once onboard, they located a cargo that contained luxury items, such as [[Sweet William Cigars]] and [[champagne]].

After boarding the rebel base, they neutralized the guards in their path and eventually found their way to Watts. They successfully killed his guards, and sedated Watts long enough for them to escape. Using explosives, they blasted their way out, leaving dozens of civilians dead.

===Raid on Camp New Hope===
In [[2531]], a group of SPARTAN-IIs consisting of John-117, [[Kurt-051]], [[Kelly-087]], [[Linda-058]], and [[Frederic-104]], went to [[Camp New Hope]] in order to retrieve several [[FENRIS Nuclear Warheads]] the rebels had captured. At first, everything was going fine, but then Kurt stated that he had a "funny feeling". John dismissed the "feeling', but was later knocked out and restrained by the rebels, along with Kelly, Linda, and Fred. When he woke up, [[General Howard Graves]], a rebel leader, began interrogating them.

However, John figured out that Graves didn't know that Kurt is part of their team. Kurt later arrived in a [[Warthog]], killing the guards and saving them. In the ensuing chaos, a piece of steel lodged into the brain of Graves, killing him. The Spartans quickly grabbed the nukes, and left before the camp could launch a proper response.

===Massacre at Eridanus Secundus===
{{main|Massacre at Eridanus Secundus}}

On September 12, [[2552]], [[Admiral]] [[Whitcomb]], Fred, the Master Chief, [[Cortana]], [[Catherine Elizabeth Halsey|Dr. Halsey]], and [[Lieutenant]] [[Haverson]], aboard the ''[[UNSC Gettysburg|Gettysburg]]''-''[[Ascendant Justice]]'', encountered a small rebel base in an asteroid - the same base John had raided 27 years earlier.

After a tentative agreement, Whitcomb convinced [[Jiles]], the governor, to house their battered ships and repair them. Soon, a Covenant ship arrived. Whitcomb quickly destroyed it, but at the loss of their last functional turret, showing that there was most likely more Covenant ships coming. Whitcomb, feeling it was his duty to warn [[Earth]] first, initiated a [[Slipspace]] jump, leaving the helpless rebels behind for the Covenant.

== Legacy ==
Ironically, the Insurrection may have ensured the UNSC's victory in the [[Human-Covenant War]] (although in truth, the reason the UNSC won was mainly due to the [[Covenant Schism]]. As [[Codename: SURGEON]] stated in his [[2552]] report on [[Admiral]] [[Preston Cole]]:

{{Article Quote|History looks upon this time as an unfortunate (and perhaps inevitable?) misunderstanding between Earth and her colonies, but those fighting for the last decade also realize that it was the most amazing piece of blind fortune the human race has ever stumbled upon. Had we not been armed and learning how to fight in space... what would have happened in the years that followed, when we faced [[Covenant Empire|an enemy a hundred times worse]]? Oblivion, no doubt.<ref>''[[Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe]]'', page 257</ref>}}

Indeed, from the Insurrection came the Spartan-IIs, the [[Magnetic Accelerator Cannon]], and ships with [[Titanium-A Armor]], all of which would prove crucial in the humanity's fight against the Covenant.

==Known Star Systems of Insurrection Activity==
* [[Epsilon Eridani System]] <ref name="ch"/>
**[[Tribute]] <ref name="ch"/>
**[[Reach]] <ref name="ch"/>
* [[Eridanus System]] <ref name="goo"/><ref name="for">''[[Halo: The Fall of Reach]]''</ref><ref name="fs">''[[Halo: First Strike]]''</ref>
**[[Eridanus II]] <ref name="for"/>
**[[Eridanus Secundus]] <ref name="for"/><ref name="fs"/>
* [[111 Tauri System]] <ref name="goo"/>
**[[Victoria]] <ref name="goo"/>
*[[23 Librae|23 Librae System]] <ref name="tcp">''[[Halo: The Cole Protocol]]''</ref>
*[[26 Draconis System]]<ref name="EVO">'''[[Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe]]''' - ''[[The Impossible Life and the Possible Death of Preston J. Cole]]''</ref>
*[[Epsilon Indi System]] <ref name="ch"/>
**[[Harvest]] <ref name="ch"/>
*[[Charybdis System]] <ref name="tcp"/>
**[[Charybdis IX]] <ref name="tcp"/>
*[[Theta Ursae Majoris System]]<ref name="EVO"/>
*[[Mamore]]<ref name="goo"/>

==Timeline==

===[[2491]]===
*The [[ORION Project]] is reinitialized by the UNSC to combat rebels.

===[[2492]]===
*A large uprising occurs on the UNSC colony of [[Far Isle]]. Unable to control the rebellion, the UNSC declares code: [[Bandersnatch]] and uses [[Nuclear Weapon]]s to raze the colony.

===[[2494]]===
*[[Callisto Incident]] - A group of insurrectionists board a UNSC Corvette, ''Callisto'' and kill the crew. A naval engagement ensues as three UNSC light destroyers are sent to hunt down the captured ship.

*Insurrectionist forces take control of Eridanus II, establishing their own secessionist government in the wake of the coup d'état.<ref name=TFOR>''[[Halo: The Fall of Reach]]'', pages 17-18</ref>

===[[2496]]===
*UNSC forces begin their campaign to retake Eridanus II, deploying a battle group of unknown size to engage the makeshift Insurrectionist defense fleet. Despite the UNSC's best attempts at removing the entrenched rebellion, ONI fails to discover the location of their base. This hollowed-out asteroid would remain a safe haven for Insurrectionists for another three decades.<ref name=TFOR/>
*[[Operation: CHARLEMAGNE]] marks a decisive strike on the [[Secessionist Union]].<ref>''[[Halo Encyclopedia]]'', pages 44-45</ref>

===[[2501]]===
*[[Skirmish at Theta Ursae Majoris]] - The {{UNSCShip|Gorgon}} engages the ''[[Bellicose]]'' in the [[Theta Ursae Majoris System]]. The battle ends in a draw.

===[[2502]]===
*[[Operation: KALEIDOSCOPE]] - [[Jerald Mulkey Ander]], the leader of the [[Secessionist Union]] on [[Harvest]] is assassinated by [[Avery Junior Johnson]].

===[[2504]]===
*[[Battle of Theta Ursae Majoris System]] - Four [[UNSC Destroyer]]s are sent to hunt down the ''Bellicose'', which is reported destroyed in the battle.

===[[2513]]===
*[[Operation: TREBUCHET]]. Fighting breaks out in the [[Eridanus System]] first, particularly at Eridanus II and the space around it, as rebels supporting the system's breakaway from the UNSC build a small navy of civilian craft and attempt to take over the system. The disorganized [[Eridanus Rebels]] are eventually brought together by [[Colonel Robert Watts]].
*The UNSC responds harshly, sending a [[Fleet]] of [[UNSC Destroyer|Destroyers]] and [[Carrier]]s to the system to combat the rebel fleet. The resulting battle pitted the UNSC against at least one hundred smaller rebel craft.<ref name=TFOR2>''[[Halo: The Fall of Reach]]'', pages 75-77</ref> The [[UNSC]] forces defeated their rebel counterparts with little difficulty. During the battle, the rebels were routed and the remnants of their fleet fled into the asteroid belt to [[Eridanus Secundus]]. They would eventually establish a fully functional asteroid base and began conducting raids again by [[2525]].<ref name=TFOR2/>
*A ground campaign begins on [[Eridanus II]], as units from the [[9th Marine Expeditionary Force]] are sent to the planet in force, hoping to capture leaders of the movement and pacify the population. One of these units, the first Battalion of the [[21st Marine Division]] commanded by [[Lieutenant Colonel]] [[Ponder]], was involved in a disastrous mission to try and capture a rebel leader - the second in command - in [[Elysium City]], which ended in the leader's family being killed and Ponder wounded and demoted.<ref>''[[Halo: Contact Harvest]]'', page 112</ref>

===[[2517]]===
*The [[SPARTAN-II Program]] is created by [[Catherine Elizabeth Halsey|Dr. Halsey]] and initiated by the [[United Nations Space Command|UNSC]] to counter insurrectionist activity.

===[[2524]]===
*Fighting continues, now in [[Epsilon Eridani]]. By this point, the war has taken over a million lives, the majority of which being civilians. A Marine Battalion is posted at the colony world of Tribute, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Aboim and supported by the corvette {{UNSCShip|Bum Rush}} and air support from [[Hornet]]s. The battalion attempts to put a stop to rebel bomb makers. Two special warfare squads, led by [[Staff Sergeant]]s [[Avery Johnson]] and [[Nolan Byrne]], are involved in disastrous operation in June. Byrne's team is killed during a hostage situation at a Jim Dandy restaurant near Casbah city. Thirty-Eight civilians, three Marines, and two rebels are killed in the bombing. Byrne and Johnson are pulled from the system, and later sent to [[Harvest]].<ref name="ch"/>
*Luxury liner [[National Holiday]] is destroyed by Insurrectionists above [[Reach]]. The [[Office of Naval Intelligence]] successfully covered up the bombing as a freak accident.

===[[2525]]===
*[[Assault on Eridanus Secundus]] - A team of SPARTAN-IIs are sent to Eridanus Secundus to capture [[Colonel]] [[Robert Watts]]. They succeed in doing so, crippling but not destroying the rebel infrastructure in the Eridanus system.<ref>''[[Halo: The Fall of Reach]]'', page 83</ref> Further plans to attack rebel base apparently abandoned due to [[Human-Covenant War]].
*Shortly afterward, the Spartans were sent to halt a rebellion on [[Jericho VII]].
*Operation: TREBUCHET is abruptly concluded with the start of the Human-Covenant War after the [[First Battle of Harvest]]. Though the Insurrection continued for a long time, the rebel threat in the system was rapidly decreased with the threat of the Covenant present. In the meantime, many of the rebels, seeing that the UNSC offered the only real protection against the overwhelming Covenant force, cease to resist, and either submit to the UNSC's control or hide themselves away from both UNSC and Covenant.<ref>''[[Halo: First Strike]]''</ref>

===[[2531]]===
*SPARTAN-IIs assault [[Camp New Hope]] on the planet [[Victoria]] and eliminate [[General (UNSC)|General]] [[Howard Graves]], a prominent Insurrectionist leader.

===[[2535]]===
*[[Scyllion Warehouse District Riot]]: Food riots led by Insurrectionsist [[Jason Kincaide]] who is smuggling [[Covenant]] weapons from [[The Rubble]]. Kincaide leads a massive assult upon [[ONI]] forces and [[Jacob Keyes]] after telling them about the ''[[Kestrel]]'', but is killed by Keyes. Riot put down by [[ODST]]s from ''[[Midsummer Night]]''.
*[[Battle of the Rubble]]: [[The Rubble]], an insurrectionist asteroid habitat, is destroyed, but over a million civilians manage to escape with the help of a [[UNSC]] stealth frigate, the ''[[Midsummer Night]]''. Also a major UNSC victory against the [[Covenant]].

===[[2537]]===
*[[Insurrection of Mamore]], Spartan-III Alpha Comapny successfully puts down the rebellion.

===[[2552]]===
*[[Massacre at Eridanus Secundus]]: A group of Insurrectionists still hiding in Eridanus Secundus are killed by the Covenant after helping a group of UNSC forces. In this case, both the UNSC and the Insurrectionists were united, but the UNSC was forced to abandon them due to a greater threat to Earth.

==Trivia==
*The supporters of the Insurrection were known in slang as "Innies", which was ironic if one considered how much the "Innies" wanted 'out'.
*It is interesting to note that both the [[Spartan-I]] and [[Spartan-II]] programs have links to the Insurrection. The first generations of supersoldiers were created near the beginning of the unrest, while the latter were specifically created to deal with the projected results of the Insurrection - full-scale civil war within twenty years. After the attack of the [[Covenant Empire|Covenant]], both assets were re-prioritized to deal with the new alien enemy.

==Sources==
<references/>

{{Insurrection}}
{{Humanwars}}