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| {{Status|Canon}} | | {{Era|H1|H2|H3|HW|TCP|FOR|TF|FS|GOO|CH|UP|HGN|ILB}} |
| {{Battle infobox | | {{Ratings}} |
| |name=Human-Covenant War
| | {{Infobox Military Conflicts |
| |prev=[[Insurrection]] {{c|original conflict}} | | |prev=[[Interplanetary War]] |
| |conc=*[[Insurrection#During the Human-Covenant War|Insurrection]] {{c|in reduced capacity}} | | |conc=[[Covenant Civil War]] |
| *[[Great Schism]]
| | |next=Unknown |
| |next=*[[Post-Covenant War conflicts]] | | |name=Human-Covenant War |
| **[[Blooding Years]]
| | |image=[[Image:Halo Wars Marine BR.jpg|400px]] |
| **[[Insurrection#Post-war resurgence|Insurrection]] {{c|postwar resurgence}}
| | |begin=October 7, [[2525]] |
| **[[Sangheili-Jiralhanae war]]
| | |end=March 3, [[2553]]<ref>http://www.gametrailers.com/player/usermovies/106934.html</ref> |
| |image=[[File:Other Wiki HCW collage.png|415px]]<br>Clockwise from top left: [[Insurrectionist]]s are attacked by the Covenant at [[Alpha Corvi II]]; UNSC forces under fire inside a [[Relic (location)|Relic]] on [[Harvest]]; a {{Class|CAS|assault carrier}} [[glassing]] [[Kholo]]; [[John-117]] on a [[Pelican]] over [[Installation 04]]; [[Sangheili Honor Guardsman|Sangheili Honor Guardsmen]] fighting [[Jiralhanae]] at the start of the [[Great Schism]]; [[Arbiter]] [[Thel 'Vadam]], John-117, Sergeant [[Avery Johnson]], and [[343 Guilty Spark]] on [[Installation 08]] | | |place=The Orion Arm of the [[Milky Way|Milky Way galaxy]] (except for the [[Battle of Installation 00]], which took place at [[Installation 00]], outside of the Milky Way). |
| |date=[[2525|February 11, 2525]]<ref>[[First Battle of Harvest]]</ref>–[[2552#December|December 11, 2552]]<ref>[[Halo 3]]</ref> | | |result= [[UNSC]]-[[Covenant Separatist]] Victory<ref>''[[Believe]]'', ''[[Museum]]''</ref> |
| *[[2553#March|March 3, 2553]] <small>([[Voi Memorial|official ceremony]])</small>
| | *The Covenant collapses |
| |place=The [[Orion Arm]] of the [[Milky Way]]<ref group="notes">The Human-Covenant War briefly extended outside the Milky Way galaxy for the [[Battle of Installation 00]]</ref> | | *[[Ark]] is probably destroyed |
| |result='''Human-Sangheili victory'''<ref>''[[Believe]]'', [[Museum]]</ref>
| | *[[Flood]] threat believed to be neutralized |
| *Covenant Empire collapses<ref name="The Covenant">''Halo 3'', campaign level, [[The Covenant (level)|The Covenant]]</ref>
| | *Human race reduced severely. |
| *[[Flood]] threats sterilized and contained{{Ref/Reuse|The Covenant}}
| | |side1=*[[United Nations Space Command]] |
| *Activation of the [[Halo Array]] averted<ref>'''[[Halo: Glasslands]]''', ''page 50''</ref>
| | * [[Covenant Separatists]] (After the [[Great Schism]]) |
| *Human and [[Fleet of Retribution|many]] Sangheili forces [[Treaty of 2552|reconcile]]<ref name="Halo">''Halo 3'', campaign level, [[Halo (Halo 3 level)|Halo]]</ref><ref>''Halo: Glasslands'', p. 60</ref>
| | |side2=*[[Covenant]] |
| *[[Sangheili-Jiralhanae war|Ongoing conflict between former Covenant factions]]<ref>''Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe'', "[[The Return]]"</ref> | | **[[Covenant Loyalists]] (After the [[Great Schism]]) |
| |side1=*{{Icon|UNSC HCW}} '''[[United Nations Space Command]]''' | | |side3=*[[The Flood]] |
| *{{Icon|Covenant FB}} '''[[Covenant separatists]]''' {{C|From [[2552#November|November 3, 2552]] onwards}} | | |commanders1=*[[UNSC High Command|HIGHCOM]], [[Colonial Military Administration]] |
| **'''[[Fleet of Retribution]]''' | | *[[Miranda Keyes|Commander Miranda Keyes]]† |
| ----
| | *[[Jacob Keyes|Captain Jacob Keyes]]† |
| *{{Icon|Insurrectionist}} '''[[Insurrectionists]]'''
| | *[[Terrence Hood|Admiral Lord Terrence Hood]] |
| **'''[[United Rebel Front]]''' | | *[[Fleet Admiral]] [[H.T. Ward]] |
| |side2=*{{Icon|Covenant FB}} '''[[Covenant]]'''
| | *[[Fleet Admiral Harper]]† |
| |side3=*'''[[Flood]]''' | | *[[John 117]](M.I.A.) |
| |side4=*{{Icon|Forerunner}} '''[[Sentinel|Forerunner constructs]]'''<ref group="notes">'''Allied''' with UNSC/Fleet of Retribution '''only''' during the 1st half of the Battle of Installation 04 (UNSC only), Battle of Installation 05 and Battle of the Ark. Elsewhere and excluding these battles, Forerunner constructs were '''hostile''' to the UNSC/Fleet of Retribution' (including during the 2nd half of the Battle of installation 04 (UNSC only), Battle of the Etran Harborage (UNSC only), Battle of Onyx (UNSC only) and the Raid on Installation 08). However, Forerunner constructs were '''hostile''' to both Flood and Covenant forces throughout the entire war.</ref> | | *[[Thel 'Vadamee|Arbiter]] (later) |
| |commanders1=
| | *[[Ship Master]] [[Rtas 'Vadum]] (later) |
| [[UNSC High Command|High Command]] | | *[[Imperial Admiral]] [[Xytan 'Jar Wattinree]] (later) |
| *[[Fleet Admiral|FADM]] [[Terrence Hood|Lord Terrence Hood]] | | * Remaining [[Elite]] [[Councilors]] (later) |
| *[[Admiral|ADM]] [[Preston Cole]]† (MIA, assumed KIA) | | *[[Voro Nar 'Mantakree]] † |
| *[[Admiral|ADM]] [[Margaret Parangosky]] | | *[[The Gravemind]] (Briefly) †(presumably) |
| *[[Admiral|ADM]] [[Michael Stanforth]]† | | |commanders2=*[[High Prophets]] |
| *[[Admiral|ADM]] [[Danforth Whitcomb]]† | | **[[High Prophet of Truth]]† |
| [[Fleet of Retribution]]
| | **[[High Prophet of Regret]]† |
| *[[Arbiter]] [[Thel 'Vadam]] | | **[[High Prophet of Mercy]]† |
| *[[Shipmaster]] / [[Fleetmaster]] [[Rtas 'Vadum]] | | *[[Tartarus]]† |
| ----
| | *At least 2 Arbiters |
| [[Insurrectionists]]
| | **[[Unnamed Arbiter|Past Arbiter]] †(?) |
| *[[Governor]] [[Jacob Jiles]]† | | **[[Thel Vadamee|Current Arbiter]] (before) |
| |commanders2= | | *[[Rtas 'Vadum|Special Operations Commander Rtas Vadumee]] (before) |
| [[Hierarchs|High Prophets of the Covenant]]† | | |commanders3=*[[Gravemind]] |
| *[[Prophet of Truth|High Prophet of Truth]]† | | |forces1=*[[United Nations Space Command|UNSC]] Armed Forces |
| *[[Prophet of Regret|High Prophet of Regret]]† | | *(later) [[Covenant Separatist]] Armed Forces |
| *[[Prophet of Mercy|High Prophet of Mercy]]† | | |forces2=*[[Covenant]] Armed Forces |casual1= *Unknown, billions dead. |
| [[High Council|Covenant High Council]]<br>
| | *Unknown Separatist force killed, likely in the thousands to hundreds of thousands due to late entry into the war |
| Military commanders
| | |casual2= Destruction of Covenant Holy City [[High Charity]] and [[Joyous Exultation]] |
| *[[Chieftain of the Jiralhanae]] [[Tartarus]]† | | *Most if not all of the loyalist forces |
| *[[Fleetmaster]] [[Nizat 'Kvarosee]] | |
| *[[Special Operations Commander]] [[Rtas 'Vadum]]ee {{c|pre-Great Schism}} | |
| *[[Arbiter]] [[Ripa 'Moramee]]†
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| *[[Fleetmaster]] [[Voro Nar 'Mantakree]]† {{c|pre-Great Schism}} | |
| *[[Imperial Admiral]] [[Xytan 'Jar Wattinree]]† {{c|pre-Great Schism}} | |
| *[[Supreme Commander]] [[Thel 'Vadam]]ee {{c|pre-Great Schism}}
| |
| |commanders3=[[Gravemind]]† | |
| |commanders4= | |
| [[Sentinel|Forerunner constructs]] | |
| *[[343 Guilty Spark]] {{C|[[Wounded in action|WIA]]}} | |
| |forces1=
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| |forces2=
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| |forces3=
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| |forces4=
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| |casual1= | |
| ;Human population reduced considerably
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| *Approximately 23 billion civilian and military casualties by October 20, 2552;<ref name=HE:PH>'''[[Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe|Halo: Evolutions]]''', "[[Palace Hotel]]", ''page 351''</ref> billions more during the [[Battle for Earth]]<ref>'''Halo: Glasslands'''. ''page 151''</ref> | |
| *Widespread infrastructure, structural, and environmental damage to the vast majority of UEG colonies | |
| ;Heavy Sangheili casualties
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| *Devastation of the Sangheili colony, [[Joyous Exultation]].
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| *Destruction of the Sangheili colony, [[Glyke]]
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| *Billions of civilian casualties
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| ----
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| ;Heavy Insurrectionist casualties
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| *All [[Eridanus Rebels]] killed
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| *Moderate Rubble rebel casualties
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| *[[Outer Colonies]] [[Massacre of the Outer Colonies|decimated]]
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| |casual2= | |
| ;Heavy casualties for all Covenant races
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| *Destruction of the Covenant holy city, ''[[High Charity]]''
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| *Destruction of the Covenant battle station ''[[Unyielding Hierophant]]''.
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| *Near-extinction of the ruling San'Shyuum | |
| |casual3=
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| ;Extreme casualties for the Flood
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| *High Charity destroyed
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| *Installation 05 sterilized
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| *All Flood forces destroyed at the Etran Harborage, Installation 04 and Installation 08
| |
| |casual4=
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| ; Heavy casualties for Forerunner constructs
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| *Destruction of [[Installation 04]] and its replacement [[Installation 08]]
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| *Glassing of [[Installation 05]]
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| *Devastation of [[Installation 00]]
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| }} | | }} |
| {{Series/War/Human-Covenant War}}
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| {{Quote|Your destruction is the will of the Gods... and we are their instrument.|The Covenant's declaration of war.<ref>''Halo: The Fall of Reach'', p. 98 (2001)</ref>}}
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| The '''Human-Covenant War''',<ref>'''Halo: The Fall of Reach (2001)''', ''back cover description''</ref><ref>'''Halo: The Flood (2001)''', ''back cover description''</ref> also known as the '''Covenant War''',<ref>'''[[Halo: The Essential Visual Guide]]''', ''pages 19, 74, 75, 92, 95, 98, 105, 112, 113, 120''</ref><ref>'''Halo Waypoint''': [http://halo.xbox.com/en-us/intel/featured/video/headhunters-1/c3d2dcb3-ac3d-4771-a270-e55e33ae118b ''Headhunters'' Part 1], [http://halo.xbox.com/en-us/intel/featured/video/herocourage/c2ada678-e9ce-4db9-9ce9-1864070bd198 ''Hero - Courage'']</ref><ref name="title" group="notes">The name "Covenant War" is most often used by media from [[343 Industries]]. However, the less common "Human-Covenant War" is more descriptive and is therefore used by ''Halopedia''.</ref> the '''Great War''',<ref>''Halo: First Strike'' (2010), [[Petra]]</ref> and the '''War of Annihilation''' by the [[Covenant]],{{Ref/Novel|SoR|Chapter=3}}{{Ref/Novel|DW|Chapter=1}}{{Ref/Book|Enc22|Page=193}}{{Ref/Site|URL=https://www.halowaypoint.com/news/the-new-halo-encyclopedia-is-out-today|Site=Halo Waypoint|Page=The New Halo Encyclopedia is Out Today|D=11|M=03|Y=2023}} was a major interstellar conflict pitting [[humanity]] and its [[United Nations Space Command]] against the Covenant during the mid-26th century between [[2525#February|February 11, 2525]] and [[2552#December|December 11, 2552]]. There were two additional factions sporadically involved in the conflict: the [[Flood]] and a small number of surviving [[Sentinel|Forerunner constructs]]. Both factions proved to be invaluable to the efforts of humanity, as the information taken from Forerunner constructs and the Flood invasion of ''[[High Charity]]'' were helpful in [[Great Schism|splitting the Covenant apart]] in November 2552.
| | {{Quote|Oh, death was never an enemy of ours!<br>We laughed, knowing better men would come, and greater wars:<br>When each proud fighter brags<br>He wars on death, for lives: not men, for flags.|"The Next War"}} |
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| The war was instigated by the [[Hierarchs|High Prophets]] of the Covenant following a discovery which led them to believe that humans were directly related to the Forerunners, contradicting their [[covenant religion|ancient religion]]. Seeking to keep various political and religious orders intact, the High Prophets declared a holy war of genocide against the human species, and the discovery of their relation to the Forerunners was kept a secret. With superior firepower, numbers and technology, the Covenant would repeatedly overpower the UNSC across hundreds of human-inhabited worlds, including the heavily defended strongholds of [[Reach]] and [[Earth]]. Humanity would win only scattered and costly victories. | | The '''Human-Covenant War''', also known as '''The Great War''', was a major interstellar conflict between the [[United Nations Space Command]] and the [[Covenant]] empire during the mid-26<sup>th</sup> century between October 7, 2525 and March 3, 2553. There were two additional sides of the conflict as well, they were [[The Flood]] and remaining Forerunner constructs. Both sides both proved valuable in victory due in part that information taken from Forerunner constructs, and the flood invasion of [[High Charity]] were helpful in [[Great Schism|splitting the Covenant apart]]. |
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| The conflict was also the cause of the [[Great Schism]] within the Covenant. Forced to fight a war on two fronts, the formerly monolithic empire was torn apart. The [[Battle of Installation 00|final battles]] of the war were fought on [[2552#December|December 11, 2552]], ending the Covenant,<ref name="fortitude">[http://halo.xbox.com/en-us/intel/featured/video/herofortitude/bfe5038b-314a-4f17-a6be-f7613e0e3788 '''Halo Waypoint''', ''Hero-Fortitude'']</ref> and the ceasefire between humanity and the Sangheili was formally ratified as a [[Treaty of 2552|treaty]] on [[2553#February|February 2553]].<ref name="ceasefire">'''Halo: Glasslands''', ''pages 358-361''</ref> The official end of war [[Voi Memorial|ceremony]] took place on [[2553#March|March 3, 2553]]. The war was incredibly costly to both sides, with over twenty-three billion humans and billions of Covenant individuals killed during the hostilities.<ref name=HE:PH/> An outbreak of the virulent parasite known as the Flood almost consumed both factions near the war's end. The conflict lasted for a total of twenty-eight years. | | The conflict was closely connected with, and the cause of, the [[Covenant Civil War]], both of which proved invaluable in the final defeat of the Covenant and [[Flood]], and the official cessation of hostilities on March 3, [[2553]].<ref>[[Hillside Memorial]]</ref> |
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| After the [[Treaty of 2552|ceasefire]] was declared, the Great Schism continued in the form of [[Sangheili-Jiralhanae war|wars]] between the Sangheili and the Jiralhanae until at least [[2559]].<ref>'''Halo: Evolutions''', ''The Return''</ref> Concurrent to this, the Sangheili species fell into [[Blooding Years|civil war]], as did the Jiralhanae, while the UNSC itself had to deal with a resurgence in the [[Insurrection]]. In the wake of the Covenant's cessation, its former member species fragmented and formed many new [[Covenant remnants|splinter factions]]. Among the most notable of these smaller groups was the religiously devout [[Jul 'Mdama's Covenant faction|new “Covenant”]] formed in the disarray following the war by [[Shipmaster]] [[Jul 'Mdama]]. The UNSC occasionally engaged in [[Post-Covenant War conflicts|smaller conflicts]] with Jul's faction and a few others, until late [[2558]].<ref name="Spops">[[Halo 4]] [[Spartan Ops]], level [[Departure]]</ref>
| | == History == |
| | ===Declaration of War ([[2525]])=== |
| | [[Image:Harvest_battle.jpg|right|250px|thumb|[[UNSC]] [[marines]] fighting during the [[Battle of Harvest]].]] |
| | [[Humanity]] and the Covenant first came into direct contact in [[2525]], when a Covenant Frigate, under the misguidance that the Humans were hiding Forerunner artifacts, attacked the [[UNSC]] [[Outer Colony]] world [[Harvest]]. After several encounters (Including the Covenant's raiding of several UNSC supply ships and a minor skirmish between [[Staff Sergeant]]s [[Nolan Byrne]] and [[Avery Johnson]] against [[Kig-Yar]] privateers), the UNSC and Covenant officially met on Harvest in a diplomatic meeting, although rather than peace, the Covenant was only interested in claiming the planet due to the number of supposed Forerunner artifacts within it, with or without the Humans' immediate surrender. The meeting was botched after [[Osmo]], a member of the [[Colonial Militia]], was attacked by a nervous Grunt, a member of a second Covenant force attempting to stage an ambush of their own, and a firefight erupted. |
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| ==Background==
| | The [[Prophets]] declared Humanity to be an affront to their gods (supposedly because Humans inhabited and 'defiled' areas which were once [[Forerunner]]), and called for a crusade against the Human species. This "Crusade" would eventually turn into a mass [[Wikipedia:Genocide|Genocide]], meaning the deliberate or systematic destruction of a specific group, in this case: all human life.<ref>[[Wikipedia:Genocide|Wikipedia's Article on Genocide]]</ref> An example being the extended, though one-sided, ground battle which took place on Harvest, where the Humans successfully halted the Covenant for some time, but the Covenant eventually used their capital ships' [[plasma]] weaponry, to melt the planet's surface, a process which would become known as "[[glassing]]." |
| ===Insurrection===
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| {{Main|Insurrection}}
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| {{Expand-section}}
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| ==War==
| | The campaign to exterminate all the Humans was partly a religious issue and partly an attempt by the Prophets to keep their power. The Prophets found out that the Forerunner objects that the Luminary was picking up on Harvest were actually Humans (which the Prophets interpreted as meaning that the Humans were descendants of the Forerunners, or possibly surviving Forerunners). The Prophets realized that that meant that it was possible to be left behind on the [[Great Journey]]. They agreed that if the rest of the Covenant found out, they wouldn't follow the Prophets, but the Humans. They then decided to wipe out the Human race so that none of the Covenant would realize that it was possible to be left behind on the Great Journey. |
| [[File:SSgt Avery Johnson, UNSC Marine Corps.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Staff Sergeant Johnson leading Colonial Militia during the Covenant invasion of Harvest.|left]]
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| ===Isolated battles (2525)===
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| {{Main|First Battle of Harvest}}
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| Humanity and the Covenant first came into direct contact on February 3, 2525, when a [[Kig-Yar]] [[missionary ship]], the ''[[Minor Transgression]]'', discovered [[Horn of Plenty|a human ship]] transitioning out of [[Slipstream space|slipspace]] and subsequently raided the vessel.<ref>''Halo: Contact Harvest'', p. 27</ref> The raid continued to [[This End Up|another]] unfortunate human ship.<ref>''Halo: Contact Harvest'', p. 97-100</ref> Some time after, [[Sif]], Harvest shipping operations AI, investigated the raids and reported her findings to an undercover [[Office of Naval Intelligence]] agent, [[Jilan al-Cygni]], believing that the attacks were Insurrectionist activity. The ONI agent devised a trap for the raiding parties, which resulted in a [[Skirmish Over Harvest|minor skirmish]] between [[Staff Sergeant]]s [[Nolan Byrne]] and [[Avery Johnson]], and the Kig-Yar privateers.<ref>''Halo: Contact Harvest'', p. 128-134</ref> When the Covenant returned with [[Rapid Conversion|another ship]] and a contingent of [[Jiralhanae]] and [[Yanme'e]], the UNSC proposed a meeting (via pictogram) with the intention to make amends and to trade with the alien species.<ref>''Halo: Contact Harvest'', p. 229</ref> The Covenant met the UNSC on Harvest, but were only interested in claiming the relics that the [[Luminary]] had detected on Harvest, completely oblivious that the humans were the "relics" in question. The meeting was botched after [[Osmo]], a member of the [[Harvest militia|Colonial Militia]], was attacked by a nervous [[Unggoy]] who was part of a second Covenant force sent to look for the relics. As a result, a firefight erupted between the two groups and the Covenant promptly retreated back to their ship.<ref>''Halo: Contact Harvest'', p. 213</ref>
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| The political ramifications of these relics were abundant, and two [[San'Shyuum]] bureaucrats, the [[Prophet of Truth|Minister of Fortitude]] and the [[Prophet of Regret|Vice Minister of Tranquility]], were already scheming to use the supposed reliquary to inaugurate a new [[Ages of Reclamation|Age of Reclamation]] with themselves as the [[Hierarchs]] of the [[High Council]].<ref>''Halo: Contact Harvest'', p. 271</ref> To do this, they needed the blessing of the Oracle of [[High Charity]]. When the two San'Shyuum approached the [[Prophet of Mercy|Philologist]] to affirm on their behalf, the data from the ''Rapid Conversion'' caused [[Mendicant Bias|the long-dormant Oracle]] to reactivate. Mendicant declared that the Covenant had been misinterpreting Forerunner symbols: the "relics" in question were the humans, calling them [[Reclaimer]]s and his makers. This shocked the three San'Shyuum, who falsely concluded that the humans were actually living [[Forerunner]]s who had been left behind when the others transcended.<ref>''Halo: Contact Harvest'', p. 275 ("'The Forerunners,' the Minister whispered. 'Some were left behind.'")</ref> Although they were able to prevent Mendicant from taking the [[Forerunner Dreadnought]] to take the humans to deliver them to [[Installation 00|the Ark]], Fortitude concluded that if the masses learned that they might be left behind, they would rebel against the Prophets. Fortitude and Tranquility inducted the Philologist into their plan and ascended as the High Prophets of Truth, Regret, and Mercy.
| | ===Open War ([[2525]]-[[2552]])=== |
| | From that point on, the Covenant continued to attack and destroy the Humans wherever they were found, using their [[Luminary|Luminarie]]s to find Human worlds. Though the UNSC forces fought bravely, their inferior technology and numbers meant that even a close victory was far from guaranteed. The Covenant also had an advantage in that they didn't need to fight planet-side to destroy the enemy; their ships simply needed to destroy the Human's space-borne defenses and any other threats planet-side, and then reduce the planet's surface to glass with orbital plasma bombardments. The few victories achieved by the UNSC were due to special tactical maneuvers, as Human missile, and magnetic acceleration weapons were unable to compete with Covenant energy shields and plasma torpedoes. Over twenty-seven years, the Covenant whittled down the UNSC planet by planet. On [[Sigma Octanus IV]], the Covenant were [[Battle of Sigma Octanus IV|defeated]]. On the ground, the Spartans secured a Forerunner [[Sigma Octanus IV Artifact|artifact]] covered in symbols that the Covenant tried to transport out of [[Cote d'Azur]]. However, in space, the Covenant placed a [[Spy Probe]] on the ''[[UNSC Iroquois]]'', which led the Covenant to the UNSC's stronghold and main headquarters, [[Reach]]. |
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| ===Open war (2525-2535)===
| | The [[Battle of Reach|battle]] that followed had staggering losses for both sides, but ended in a pyrrhic Covenant victory. The ''[[UNSC Pillar of Autumn|Pillar of Autumn]]'' was among the surviving UNSC ships which fled the battle, and made a somewhat blind jump, as described by Cortana saying that she realized that the symbols on the retrieved artifact from Sigma Octanus IV were in fact very old star charts and were coordinates to the Forerunner ring world of [[Halo]], being chased by a dozen Covenant warships. |
| [[File:HWG SecondBattleOfHarvest.png|thumb|250px|Cole's fleet destroys the Covenant ship in the Second Battle of Harvest.|left]] | |
| {{Main|Massacre of the Outer Colonies}}
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| ====Early actions (2525-2530)====
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| Intending to keep the revelation about the humans a secret and prevent the Covenant from falling apart, the new Hierarchs declared that the humans destroyed the holy reliquary on Harvest, and ordered the entire race to be eradicated.<ref>''Halo: Contact Harvest'', p. 384</ref> The first battle of the war was the extended, albeit one-sided, engagement which took place on Harvest where the UNSC managed to evacuate many of Harvest's civilians.<ref>''Halo: Contact Harvest'', p. 352</ref> Eventually, the Covenant ship responsible for the attack [[Glassing|glassed]] the planet's surface.<ref>''Halo: Contact Harvest'', p. 387</ref>
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| Realizing the threat posed to humanity by the Covenant, the UNSC [[Colonial Military Authority]] gave [[Vice Admiral]] [[Preston Cole]] the command of the then-largest fleet in human history with orders to [[Second Battle of Harvest|retake Harvest]],<ref name="Genesis">'''[[Halo Wars: Genesis]]''', pages 1-10</ref> which occurred in [[2526]].<ref>'''Halo: Evolutions''', ''The Impossible Life and the Possible Death of Preston J. Cole'', pages 462-467</ref> He would then spend five years chasing the Covenant around the [[Outer Colonies]], fighting them and scoring victories at [[Alpha Aurigae System|Alpha Aurigae]], [[XI Boötis A System|XI Boötis A]], and [[Groombridge-1830]].{{Ref/Reuse|Genesis}}<ref name="battles">'''Halo: Evolutions''', ''The Impossible Life and the Possible Death of Preston J. Cole'', page 470</ref> Meanwhile, the Covenant returned to Harvest, determined to recapture the planet. This led to a five-year long [[Harvest Campaign|series of engagements]] on Harvest between the Covenant and the UNSC.<ref>'''[[Halo: The Essential Visual Guide]]''', ''page 188''</ref> Because of the threat the Covenant posed, the UNSC began deploying the [[SPARTAN-II Program|SPARTAN-II]]s on November 2nd, 2525,{{Ref/Novel|Id=hsschapter2|HSS|Chapter=2}} super soldiers originally trained to fight the [[Insurrection]]. The Spartans became one of humanity's greatest — and most celebrated — defenders, demonstrating a remarkable ability to turn the tide of battle. Their prowess was not lost on the Covenant, who came to fear the Spartans as "[[demon]]s".<ref>'''[[Halo: The Fall of Reach]]''', ''page 103''</ref>
| | ===The Tide Turns ([[2552]]-[[2553]])=== |
| | [[Image:Battle of Reach.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The [[UNSC Pillar of Autumn|''Pillar of Autumn'']] pushes through the [[Covenant]] blockade and escapes [[Reach]].]] |
| | The Covenant's first known truly costly defeat was on and around [[Halo]]. Here, the Human survivors from the [[Halcyon-class cruiser|''Halcyon''-class cruiser]], the ''Pillar of Autumn'', managed to form an effective resistance. Unwilling to risk damaging the [[Halo|sacred ring]], the Covenant was forced to fight the Humans on Halo's surface rather than using its usual bombardment tactics. The Covenant found the Humans uncannily adapted to Halo's environment and very adept at fighting on the surface, with Human firearms and vehicles proving effective despite their technological inferiority. Unable to counter the guerrilla tactics employed by the Humans and the unexpected emergence of the Flood, the Covenant was soundly defeated in numerous raids, including one instance when the Humans boarded their grounded cruiser, the ''[[Truth and Reconciliation]]'', and successfully escaped with a group of captives, including the captain of the ''Pillar of Autumn'', [[Captain Jacob Keyes]]. During the course of the battle, the [[Spartan]] known as the [[Master Chief]] discovered the true nature of Halo and proceeded to destroy the ring and escape, much to the Covenant's horrified dismay. |
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| From that point on, the Covenant continued to attack and destroy the humans wherever they were found, using their [[Luminary|Luminaries]] to find human worlds. Though the UNSC forces fought bravely, their inferior technology and numbers meant that even a ''close'' victory was far from guaranteed. The Covenant, fighting a war of extermination, did not need to commit to full ground invasions except in special circumstances; their ships simply needed to destroy space-borne defenses and any other threats around the planet. They would then reduce the planet's surface to glass with orbital plasma bombardment.<ref>''[[Halo Encyclopedia (2009 edition)]]'', Chapter 1, p. 33</ref> In general, human missiles and magnetic acceleration weapons were asymmetrically matched with Covenant energy shields and plasma weaponry. The few major victories achieved by the UNSC were usually due to tactical genius, extensive use of nuclear weapons, the rapid deployment of Spartan teams, or decisive ground engagements where UNSC technology and skill outmatched Covenant tactics. At the outset of the war, the UNSC employed a [[Wikipedia:defence in depth|defence in depth]] tactical doctrine, making extensive use of [[M5 Talos|automated turrets]] to delay Covenant forces.<ref name="PL Turret">''Halo Wars 2'', [[Phoenix Logs]] - Turret</ref> They were eventually forced to abandon this doctrine as the war continued to grind down human armies and industrial centres,{{Ref/Reuse|PL Turret}} learning the dangers of relying on fixed installations when employed against enemies with orbital fire support.<ref name="PL Siege">''Halo Wars 2'', [[Phoenix Logs]] - Siege Turret</ref> The UNSC began to develop a modular [[firebase]] system (based on pre-existing [[colony starter unit]]s used for colonization of planets<ref>[http://www.halowars.com/GameInfo/UNSC.aspx ''Official Halo Wars Community Site'': UNSC] (defunct, [[Archive:Halowars.com/UNSC|Archived]])</ref>) in response to pinpoint Covenant targeting of large military command and control installations with orbital strikes, and the inability of standard counter battery systems to detect, deflect, or defeat plasma-based artillery bombardment.<ref name="PL Siege"/>
| | [[Image:UNSC Home Fleet.JPG|thumb|left|250px|The [[UNSC]] [[UNSC Home Fleet|Home Fleet]] prepares to engage the [[Covenant Navy]].]] |
| | Shortly after the defeat at Halo, the Covenant had amassed a large [[Fleet]] that appeared to be intended to assault [[Earth]]. It is explained in the audio drama, [[I Love Bees]], that the Covenant discovery of Earth was an accident after the ''[[Pious Flea]]'' had been intercepted by the UNSC stealth ship ''[[Apocalypso]]''. After retrieving a Forerunner artifact, the ''Apocalypso'' made a [[Slipspace]] jump directly to Earth. When the ship tumbled into real space and crashed on the moon, the ''Pious Flea'' sent a message to the heart of the Covenant military, containing reconnaissance data, photos, star maps, and the coordinates of the Forerunner Artifact, which is now on Earth. The events of ''[[Halo 2]]'' apparently contradict the novel in explicitly stating that the Covenant had not identified Earth as the Human homeworld. However, the ''[[Unyielding Hierophant]]'s'' fleet was never expressly identified to be intending to assault Earth; this is merely a reasonable assumption made by the Human forces upon discovery of the fleet's destination of [[Sol]]. |
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| ====Escalations (2530-2536)====
| | This leaves the exact nature of the fleet's mission uncertain, as there is no definitive proof that the Covenant were intending to attack a Human homeworld. The surviving Humans, however, believed this fleet to be a direct threat to Earth, and, using a captured Covenant [[flagship]], lured the fleet into a trap and destroyed it. |
| [[File:ApexBattleImage.png|thumb|200px|The {{UNSCShip|Spirit of Fire}} engages the {{Pattern|Sinaris|heavy destroyer}} ''[[Proclamation's Tithe]]'' in [[Trove]].]]
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| Despite the well-publicized victory at Harvest, the UNSC was already on the way to losing the war. A number of colonies had already been glassed by the Covenant or abandoned, including [[Eridanus II]], [[Dwarka]], [[Bliss]], [[Madrigal]], [[Asmara]] and [[Biko]].
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| In [[2531#February|February 2531]], [[Arbiter]] [[Ripa 'Moramee]], under the command of the [[Prophet of Regret]], began leading searches for [[Forerunner]] technology to aid in the Covenant war effort during the end of the [[Harvest campaign]]{{Ref/Level|HW|[[Alpha Base (Halo Wars level)|Alpha Base]]}} and the [[Battle for Arcadia]]. With the Covenant having discovered the Forerunner [[shield world]] [[Trove]] sometime prior, the Prophet of Regret intended to use a fleet of {{Class|Sojourner|dreadnought}}s docked at the [[Apex Site]] to crush humanity "quickly and with ease."{{Ref/Level|Id=HWscarab|HW|[[Scarab (Level)|Scarab]]}} With Ripa having kidnapped Professor [[Ellen Anders]] at [[Arcadia]] to use as a [[Reclaimer]] to activate the shield world, he was pursued by the {{UNSCShip|Spirit of Fire}}, leading to [[Battle of the Trove|a battle]] at the Etran Harborage. In the battle, Ripa was killed by Sergeant [[John Forge]] who subsequently sacrificed himself to destroy the Etran Harborage by causing its internal sun to go [[supernova]]. The Covenant plan was foiled, but the ''Spirit of Fire'' sacrificed its [[slipspace drive]] to cause the supernova, leaving the ship and its crew stranded in deep space.{{Ref/Level|HW|[[Escape (Halo Wars level)|Escape]]}}
| | A few weeks after this defeat, the [[Prophet of Regret]] led a small Fleet of fifteen ships to Earth, supposedly in order to locate a Forerunner artifact known as the "[[Ark]]." Though hopelessly outgunned by the UNSC's new orbital defense grid of MAC guns, the Prophet of Regret's flagship managed to break through the Human defenses to [[New Mombasa]]. The Covenant ground troops quickly spread through the city, destroying both military and civilian resistance, but a counterattack by the [[Marines]] and the [[Master Chief]] drove them back. With his fleet destroyed in orbit when he landed, Regret was forced to retreat. His carrier jumped into Slipspace from within the city, destroying it and clearing the area for a later Covenant excavation of the Ark, though the latter consequence was probably unintentional. |
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| The UNSC's sole hope apparently lay with the SPARTAN-II Program. However, there were never enough Spartans to decisively turn the tide of the war in favor of humanity. Recognizing this, the [[Office of Naval Intelligence]] authorized the creation of the [[SPARTAN-III Program]]. The brainchild of [[Colonel]] [[James Ackerson]], these Spartans would be trained with a greater emphasis on stealth and teamwork, and would be sent on missions against high-priority targets that would be impossible even for elite units.<ref>''Halo: Ghosts of Onyx'', p. 43-46</ref>
| | Unfortunately for Regret, four Human ships, the ''[[UNSC In Amber Clad|In Amber Clad]]'' among them, had followed them through their own Slipspace rupture to [[Delta Halo]]. With the orders "Find out why he came to Earth; why he came here," the Master Chief was hard-dropped with a compliment of [[Orbital Drop Shock Troopers]] to Delta Halo's surface. Led by the Chief, the Humans forced their way through Regret's forces until they had reached the Prophet himself. At that moment, ''High Charity'', having learned of Delta Halo, arrived and launched multiple waves of [[Phantom]] dropships to aid Regret, but they were too late. The Chief assaulted and killed Regret, and the Covenant Fleet recalled the Phantoms in favor of bombarding the area. It would seem they succeeded in "killing" Master Chief by burning away the building, as he came inches away from getting incinerated by the massive plasma beam glassing the area, plummeting down into the lake below, only to be captured by the [[Gravemind]]. |
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| After just six years of combat, space battles with the Covenant had depleted the UNSC's nuclear stockpile to almost nothing in at least one sector of space.{{Ref/Novel|GoO|Chapter=1}}
| | Meanwhile, the majority of the Human forces on ''In Amber Clad'' had traveled to [[Delta Halo]]'s [[Library]] to obtain the [[Index]], which is the key to firing Halo. Originally, the Covenant had been unaware of the Index's importance, but luckily for them, the Arbiter had obtained [[343 Guilty Spark (Monitor)|343 Guilty Spark]], the monitor of [[Installation 04]] from the first Halo while destroying a [[heretic]] base. The monitor, known to the Covenant as an [[Oracle]], told the Prophets of the Index and the Arbiter was sent to retrieve it. The mission was complicated though by the unexpected release of the Flood. Despite this, the Arbiter successfully reached the Library and prevented the Humans from claiming the Index. Just as [[Miranda Keyes]] claimed the index, the Arbiter stole it from her, kidnapping her and [[Sgt. Johnson]]. However, then Index was stolen from the Arbiter by the [[Brute Chieftain]] [[Tartarus]], who under the Prophets' orders to retrieve the Index and attempt to kill the Arbiter. With the Index secure, the Prophets then ordered the [[Brutes]] to begin eradicating the [[Elites]], thus starting the [[Covenant Civil War]]. |
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| [[File:CP armor.png|thumb|left|200px|A member of Gray Team at the [[Battle of the Rubble]].]] | | ===Arrival of the Flood and Elite/Human victory ([[2553]])=== |
| | [[Image:H3 E3 Orbital Battle.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The battle raging over the [[Installation 00]].]] |
| | Following the Flood infestation of ''High Charity'', the [[High Prophet of Truth]] led the remaining loyalist Fleet to Earth to complete what the previous mission to Earth had not. Little did he know that [[Spartan 117]], Master Chief, had stowed away with him on board his Dreadnought. By the time Truth arrived at Earth, a full-scale war in space and on the ground was underway between UNSC and [[Covenant Fleet]]s. After much fighting, the Human forces were almost decimated, with their fleet almost completely destroyed and the entire Human population reduced to a mere 200 million. However, the Covenant fleet was also vastly reduced and focused on securing an enormous unearthed Forerunner structure near the ruins of New Mombasa. With the arrival of Master Chief, the Humans launched an assault on the area, sweeping aside all Covenant resistance and finally launching an all-out attack on the Prophet of Truth's [[Forerunner ship]]. However, Truth quickly activated a large [[portal]] and escaped. Events were further complicated by an unexpected attack by the Flood. Thanks to the timely arrival of the Elites, the Flood force was vanquished but not before Master Chief recovered a recording from Cortana, who had stayed behind on ''High Charity''. [[Cortana]]'s message told of a means to stop the Flood on the other end of the portal. A small fleet of Human and Elite forces was sent through the portal, leading them to the Ark, just outside the [[Milky Way Galaxy]]. The Covenant fleet above the Ark immediately attacked. Though the Human/Elite fleet was outnumbered 3-1, the battle ended in defeat for the Covenant Loyalists. During the space battle, [[Human forces]] were deployed to the surface of the Ark. The final battle of the war was fought in November, 2552, as Truth attempted to activate the [[Halo rings]]. Led by the Master Chief, the Human forces smashed through the remaining Covenant resistance. The battle was complicated by the arrival of ''High Charity''. As the Flood began to spread, the Chief and the [[Thel 'Vadamee|Arbiter]] went on to thwart Truth, who died in mid-Flood-infection at the Arbiter's hand. With the Covenant forces completely shattered, Truth's death marked the effective end to the war. A year later, in 2553, a [[Hillside Memorial|monument was erected on a hillside]] near the Portal to the Ark to commemorate the billions of men and women killed during the war, and [[John-117|Spartan-117]] was presumed dead by the UNSC. However, John and Cortana weren't dead. They had survived the firing of Halo as the aft section of the [[UNSC Forward Unto Dawn]] entered the portal. However, the portal had collapsed whilst still traveling through it and the aft section was sent to an unknown location far away. |
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| With the majority of the Outer Colonies glassed or abandoned, the UNSC faced an economic crisis, as many of their [[agriculture world]]s had been destroyed, leading to food shortages. On [[Charybdis IX]], food riots were common.<ref>''Halo: The Cole Protocol'', p. 106</ref> Meanwhile, Covenant forces began to encroach on the [[Inner Colonies]].<ref>''Halo: The Cole Protocol'', p. 25</ref> In response, the UNSC issued [[United Nations Space Command Emergency Priority Order 098831A-1]], otherwise known as the "Cole Protocol". It stated that no UNSC vessel may lead the Covenant to Earth or any other human population center. Furthermore, all movement through space was restricted to [[UNSC Navy]] vessels.{{Ref/Reuse|Genesis}} [[Insurrectionist]] attacks increased in the face of what the colonies perceived as a removal of their right to freedom of movement. This was to culminate in the discovery of Insurrectionists using Covenant weapons supplied by apparently renegade [[Kig-Yar]]. Shocked, the UNSC viewed this as a major threat to security.<ref>''Halo: The Cole Protocol'', p, 109</ref> Upon learning of this, the [[Prophet of Regret]] declared such weapons as heresy, and as a result dispatched [[Thel 'Vadam]]ee to destroy the source of the modified weapons: a remote asteroid habitat known as [[the Rubble]].<ref>''Halo: The Cole Protocol'', p. 146</ref>
| | ==Factions== |
| | ===United Earth Government=== |
| | ====United Nations Space Command==== |
| | [[Image:Perfect Black UNSC logo.png|thumb|right|The logo of the [[UNSC]]]] |
| | '''Leaders:''' [[UNSC High Command|HIGHCOM]] |
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| Fleeing from the [[Battle of Charybdis IX]], the {{UNSCShip|Midsummer Night}} chased an Insurrectionist freighter to the Rubble and discovered that the Insurrectionists there had actually formed an alliance with a group of Kig-Yar.<ref>''Halo: The Cole Protocol'', p. 176</ref> The Jackals were supplying the weapons and the Insurrectionists were modifying them. The crew of the ''Midsummer Night'', including its captain, [[Lieutenant]] [[Jacob Keyes]], were captured, but later escaped and helped SPARTAN-II [[Gray Team]] and the Rubble's citizens stop an assault from the Kig-Yar leader, [[Reth]], and 'Vadamee's forces. They managed to rescue a million civilians from behind enemy lines and escorted them to [[Falaknuma]].<ref>''Halo: The Cole Protocol'', p. 352</ref> It later transpired that the [[Prophet of Truth]] had ordered the Kig-Yar to ally with the humans so that they could discover the location of [[Earth]] from stolen navigation data or through tracking devices in the weapons. Through this, the Covenant found two more worlds to attack.<ref>''Halo: The Cole Protocol'', p. 347</ref>
| | '''Homeworld:''' [[Earth]] (largely intact at the end of the war, with the exception of a section of eastern Africa which was glassed) |
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| By the time of the [[Battle of Jericho VII]] in 2535, most of the Outer Colonies were either destroyed, or cut communications with the UNSC.
| | '''Military Forces:''' Exact numbers are unknown. |
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| ===Inner Colony push (2536-2551)=== | | ===The Covenant=== |
| {{Main|Siege of the Inner Colonies}}
| | '''Leaders:''' [[High Council|The High Council]] |
| [[File:Origins ii Human-CovenantWar.jpg|thumb|225px|Humanity, heavily out-gunned, lost much ground to the Covenant.]]
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| For fifteen years, the war ground on in a predictable pattern; costly and rare victories on the ground for UNSC forces, with near total Covenant space superiority.{{Ref/Book|Enc11|Page=205}} The UNSC managed to deal a heavy blow to the Covenant in 2537 with the destruction of the Covenant manufacturing plant [[K7-49]] in [[Operation: PROMETHEUS]],<ref>''Halo: Ghosts of Onyx'', p. 341</ref> and again during the [[Siege of the Atlas Moons]] in the same year. However, these victories were offset by the loss of [[New Constantinople]], the loss of its colonies at [[Leonis Minoris]], and the total destruction of the force of SPARTAN-IIIs sent to destroy the Covenant base.<ref>''[[Halo: First Strike]]'', p. 179 ("John had never worked with the Admiral before, but his accomplishments during the battles for New Constantinople and the Siege of the Atlas Moons were well known.")</ref>
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| Throughout the 2540s, the UNSC was dealt ever greater blows with the death of the SPARTAN-II [[Sheila-065]] during the [[Battle of Miridem]] in 2544,<ref>'''Halo: Ghosts of Onyx''', ''page 173''</ref> followed by the [[Battle of Actium|defeat at Actium]] in [[2545]],<ref>[http://halo.xbox.com/en-us/intel/featured/video/herocourage/c2ada678-e9ce-4db9-9ce9-1864070bd198 '''Halo Waypoint''' video, ''Hero-Courage'']</ref> defeat during the [[Fall of Arcadia]]<ref>'''[[Dr. Halsey's personal journal]]'''</ref> and the [[Siege of Paris IV|loss of Paris IV]] in 2549.<ref>''Halo: First Strike'', p. 244</ref> One of the UNSC's success was [[Operation: TORPEDO]] in 2545. The loss of 298 SPARTAN-IIIs was ultimately considered acceptable losses by UNSC High Command.<ref name=Onyx27 >''Halo: Ghosts of Onyx'', p. 21</ref> The SPARTAN-II raid on the [[Third Fleet of Glorious Consequence]] to recover a captive Dr. Halsey further proved the Covenant Empire was overwhelmingly powerful, but not invincible.<ref>'''[[Halo Legends]]''', ''[[The Package (animated short)|The Package]]''</ref>
| | '''Homeworld:''' multiple worlds |
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| Of the few major wins in the 2540's for the UNSC, and one of the most significant and strategically advantageous was the [[Battle of Psi Serpentis]] in 2543. This engagement became colloquially known as Admiral Cole's last stand due to the presumed death of [[Preston Jeremiah Cole|Admiral Preston J. Cole]]. In addition to the alleged death of Cole, over 300 [[Covenant Empire|Covenant]] vessels, two fleets worth, were completely vaporized when [[UNSC]] [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear missiles]] detonated inside the atmosphere of [[Viperidae]], a supermassive gas giant. This detonation spurred spontaneous fusion at the core of Viperidae, temporarily turning the super gas giant into a brown dwarf star.<ref name="Psi Serpentis">''Halo: Evolutions'', "The Impossible Life and the Possible Death of Preston J. Cole", p. 476-482</ref> Cole's achievements in this battle alone were only rivaled by the [[Operation: FIRST STRIKE|destruction]] of the ''[[Unyielding Hierophant]]'' and the actions of [[John-117|Spartan-117]] throughout the course of the war.{{Ref/Reuse|Alamo}}
| | '''Capital City:''' ''[[High Charity]]'' (destroyed by the Master Chief after it was turned into a Flood Hive and crashed on the Ark) |
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| [[File:Covenant assault - 2.png|thumb|left|225px|[[Civilian]]s on a human colony world under siege by a Covenant invasion force.]]
| | '''Military Forces:''' Exact numbers are unknown. But much larger than Humanity's forces. |
| While the Covenant had merely been slowed by the UNSC's military efforts, there was growing tension between the [[San'Shyuum]] and the [[Sangheili]] over the Human-Covenant War. At first, the Sangheili had followed the Prophets command to destroy the humans without question. But after more than twenty five years of war, humanity's continued and fierce resistance in the face of certain death had deeply impressed the martial Sangheili.<ref>''Halo: The Cole Protocol'', p. 139</ref> There was a growing consensus among the Sangheili that the humans had earned the right to be offered membership in the Covenant, which the Prophets continued to reject. At the same time, the [[Jiralhanae]], the one race which could challenge the Sangheili's dominance of the Covenant military, were rapidly earning favor with the Prophets, as they were less inclined to question orders.<ref>'''[[Conversations from the Universe]]'''</ref> In fact, even the Prophet of Clarity [[Zo Resken]] began to secretly question why humanity wasn't offered a place in the Covenant.{{Ref/Novel|BC|Chapter=15}}
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| Towards the end of the war in 2552, the Office of Naval Intelligence was resigned to the fact that humanity may only have months left before the Covenant destroyed the remaining Inner Colonies and moved against Earth. To try and buy time, HIGHCOM ordered all available SPARTAN-IIs to return to Reach and commence [[Operation: RED FLAG]], a mission to locate the Covenant homeworld and capture a Prophet to force the Covenant into a cease-fire.<ref>''Halo: The Fall of Reach'', p. 240-245</ref>
| | ===The Flood=== |
| | '''Leaders:''' [[The Gravemind]] |
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| ===The final year (2552)===
| | '''Homeworld:''' Unknown |
| The last year of the war saw humanity's largest defeat since the war's beginning, but also saw several of their greatest victories, coupled with the destruction of the Covenant as a galactic power. On [[Sigma Octanus IV]], the Covenant were [[Battle of Sigma Octanus IV|defeated]], though at the cost of not only heavy UNSC casualties but also the Covenant attaching a spy probe to the destroyer ''Iroquois'' leading the Covenant to Reach, which they attacked a few days later.<ref>''Halo: The Fall of Reach'', p. 247</ref> On the ground, the SPARTAN-IIs secured a Forerunner [[Sigma Octanus IV Artifact|artifact]] covered in symbols that the Covenant tried to transport out of [[Cote d'Azur]].<ref>''Halo: The Fall of Reach'', p. 205-209</ref>
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| The [[Fall of Reach]] and [[Battle of Tribute|Tribute]] that followed resulted in staggering losses for both sides, but in the end the Covenant claimed a costly victory.<ref>''Halo: First Strike'', p. 104-105</ref><ref>''Halo 4: The Essential Visual Guide'', p. 177</ref> The ''[[UNSC Pillar of Autumn|Pillar of Autumn]]'' was among the surviving UNSC ships which fled the battle, and made a somewhat blind jump. The destination as described by Cortana was calculated with symbols from the Sigma Octanus IV artifact, coordinates to the Forerunner ring world of [[Halo Array|Halo]]. The ''Pillar of Autumn'' rushed to its destination, pursued by a dozen Covenant warships.<ref>''Halo: The Fall of Reach'', p. 336</ref>
| | '''Military Forces:''' Believed to be Massive, possibly into the billions or trillions |
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| =====The tide turns===== | | ===Remaining Forerunner Constructs=== |
| [[File:H2A - Autumn.jpg|thumb|300px|The [[UNSC Pillar of Autumn|''Pillar of Autumn'']] pushes through the Covenant blockade and escapes [[Reach]].]]
| | '''Leaders:''' Unknown, [[Sentinels]] are monitored and may be controlled by Higher constructs such as [[343 Guilty Spark (Monitor)|343 Guilty Spark]] |
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| The Covenant suffered a costly defeat on and around [[Installation 04]]. Here, the human survivors from the [[Halcyon-class light cruiser|''Halcyon''-class cruiser]], the ''Pillar of Autumn'', managed to form an effective and surprising resistance to the Covenant. Unwilling to risk damaging the [[Halo|sacred ring]], the Covenant was forced to fight the humans on Halo's surface rather than using their usual bombardment tactics.<ref>''[[Halo: The Flood]]'', p. 187</ref> The Covenant found the UNSC very adept at fighting on the ring's surface, employing their firearms and vehicles in classic guerrilla raids. The Covenant was soundly defeated in numerous raids led by SPARTAN [[John-117]], including an attack on a grounded cruiser, the ''[[Truth and Reconciliation]]'', successfully escaping with the captain of the ''Pillar of Autumn'', Captain Jacob Keyes.<ref>''[[Halo: Combat Evolved]]'', campaign level, [[The Truth and Reconciliation]]</ref> The battle on Halo then suddenly took a turn for the worst for both sides when the Covenant accidentally released an ancient and deadly parasitic race called [[the Flood]]. The Flood, having been imprisoned within Halo for many thousands of years, instinctively spread quickly throughout the ring, killing or assimilating every unsuspecting human and Covenant in their path and would become a third party in the war.<ref>''Halo: Combat Evolved'', campaign level, [[343 Guilty Spark (level)|343 Guilty Spark]]</ref>
| | '''Homeworld''' Created on most constructs |
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| During the course of the battle, John 117 discovered the true nature of Halo and proceeded to detonate the crashed ''Pillar of Autumn's'' engines, destroying the ring, and escaped.<ref>'''Halo: Combat Evolved''', campaign level, ''[[The Maw]]''</ref> The destruction of the holy Halo led to [[Supreme Commander]] [[Thel 'Vadamee]] being disgraced and demoted before being branded with the [[Mark of Shame]], leaving him dead in the eyes of the [[Sangheili]]. Only the intervention of the [[Prophet of Truth]] prevented 'Vadamee's certain execution. He was instead given the title of [[Arbiter]] and sent to quell a [[List of known Covenant heretics|heretic]] uprising that had taken root on the [[Threshold gas mine|Forerunner gas mine]] over [[Threshold]].<ref name="thearbiter">''[[Halo 2]]'', campaign level, [[The Arbiter]]</ref>
| | '''Military Forces''' Sentinel count believed to be in the trillions |
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| [[File:Fifth Fleet - H2A.png|thumb|left|300px|The [[UNSC]] [[UNSC Home Fleet|Home Fleet]] shortly before the Covenant attack on Earth.]]
| | ==Timeline== |
| | | ===2524=== |
| The Covenant discovered Earth as a result of an accident after the ''[[Seeker (AI)|Pious Flea]]'' had been intercepted by the UNSC stealth ship ''[[Apocalypso]]''. After retrieving a Forerunner artifact, the ''Apocalypso'' made a [[Slipspace]] jump directly to Earth. When the ship tumbled into real space and crashed on [[Luna]], the ''Pious Flea'' sent a message to the heart of the Covenant military, containing reconnaissance data, photos, star maps, and the coordinates of the Forerunner artifact, which was now on Earth.<ref>'''i love bees'''</ref>{{verify}} This information was first relayed to the High Prophet of Truth, who, due to his personal socio-political machinations, kept it secret from his fellow Hierarchs.<ref name="tentwenty">'''[[Halo Waypoint]]''', [http://halo.xbox.com/en-us/Universe/Detail/ten-twenty/f4adbef8-e9bc-44f8-aefa-d8e9b69f7139 ''"Ten Twenty"'']</ref> Instead, he began to amass [[Truth's fleet|a massive fleet]] of approximately 500 ships to the command-and-control station ''[[Unyielding Hierophant]]''. The surviving humans from the battles of Installation 04 and Reach, however, discovered the fleet and the direct threat it posed to Earth. Using the captured Covenant [[flagship]] ''Ascendant Justice'', the small group of soldiers lured the fleet into a trap and destroyed it.<ref name="Alamo">'''Halo: First Strike''', ''pages 328-333''</ref>
| | *A damaged human civilian freighter, ''[[Horn of Plenty]]'', suffers a Slipspace drive malfunction from Madrigal to Harvest, forcing the unmanned freighter to exit back into normal space. A Covenant vessel, [[Minor Transgression]], comes into contact after hours of the freighter's isolation. The Covenant vessel targets the freighter, and a Jackal boarding crew enter. |
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| A few weeks after this defeat, the [[Prophet of Regret]] discovered the location of a significant Forerunner artifact on his own. Without knowledge of the fact the planet housing this artifact was the human homeworld, Regret led a small fleet of fifteen ships to Earth, in order to locate [[Portal at Voi|a portal]] to an installation known as "[[Installation 00|the Ark]]".{{Ref/Reuse|tentwenty}} Though hopelessly outgunned by the UNSC's new orbital defense grid of MAC guns, the Prophet of Regret's [[Solemn Penance|flagship]] managed to break through the human defenses to [[New Mombasa]]. The Covenant ground troops quickly spread through the city, destroying both military and civilian resistance, but a counter-attack by the [[Marines]] and John-117 resulted in their swift defeat. With his fleet burning in orbit, Regret was forced to retreat. His carrier jumped into slipspace from within the city, damaging it severely. Following Regret's jump, waves of Covenant reinforcement forces, including a [[Truth's fleet|support fleet]] sent by the Prophet of Truth, arrived, resulting in a month-long constant engagement on Earth.{{Ref/Generic|Id=lootcrate2|Heading=[[Halo Legendary Crate]]|Subheading=[[Halo Legendary Crate/Data Drops|Data Drop #2]]}}{{Ref/Novel|Id=goo204|Halo: Ghosts of Onyx|Page=204-205}}{{Ref/Reuse|tentwenty}}{{Ref/Site|Id=waypointvergil|URL=https://www.halowaypoint.com/en-us/news/canon-fodder-vergil-reality|Site=Halo Waypoint|Page=Canon Fodder - Vergil Reality|D=15|M=06|Y=2021}}
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| Unfortunately for Regret, four human ships, the ''[[UNSC In Amber Clad|In Amber Clad]]'' among them, had followed them through their own slipspace rupture to [[Installation 05|Delta Halo]].<ref>''Halo 2'', campaign level, [[Delta Halo]]</ref> Led by John-117, the humans forced their way through Regret's forces until they had reached the Prophet himself. At that moment, ''High Charity'', having learned of Delta Halo, arrived and launched multiple waves of [[Phantom]] dropships to aid Regret. These forces were withdrawn by the Prophet of Truth as part of his plan to remove the Sangheili from power in the Covenant. However, Truth ultimately underestimated the full impact his 'reforms' would have on the Covenant's chances for military victory. The Master Chief [[Assassination of the Prophet of Regret|assassinated]] Regret, dealing a heavy blow to the Covenant's political structure. John-117 narrowly survived only to be captured by the [[Gravemind]], who had already formed a plan to prevent the Covenant from completing their Great Journey.<ref>''Halo 2'', campaign level, [[Regret (Halo 2 level)|Regret]]</ref>
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| [[File:H2A Great Schism.png|thumb|300px|The Great Schism begins.]]
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| Meanwhile, the majority of the human forces on ''In Amber Clad'' had traveled to Delta Halo's [[Library]] to obtain the [[Index]], which is the key to firing Halo. Originally, the Covenant had been unaware of the Index's importance, but luckily for them, Arbiter Thel 'Vadamee had obtained [[343 Guilty Spark]], the monitor of [[Installation 04]], while destroying the Heretic base.<ref name="oracle">''Halo 2'', campaign level, [[The Oracle]]</ref> The monitor, known to the Covenant as an Oracle, told the Prophets of the Index and the Arbiter was sent to retrieve the "Sacred Icon". The mission was complicated though by the unexpected release of the Flood. Despite this, the Arbiter successfully reached the Library and prevented the humans from claiming the Index. Just as [[Miranda Keyes]] claimed the index, the Arbiter stole it from her, kidnapping her and [[Sgt. Johnson]]. However, the Index was stolen from the Arbiter by the [[Jiralhanae Chieftain]] [[Tartarus]], who was under the Prophets' orders to retrieve the Index and kill the Arbiter, whom Tartarus knocked down an apparently bottomless shaft.<ref>''Halo 2'', campaign level, [[Quarantine Zone]]</ref> With the Index secure, the Prophets then ordered the Jiralhanae to begin eradicating the Sangheili, thus starting the [[Great Schism]]. Ultimately this led to the death of Tartarus at the hands of 'Vadamee and Johnson and a temporary alliance between the Sangheili and the human forces. Delta Halo was prevented from firing by Miranda Keyes while the Flood infected High Charity and absorbed the [[Prophet of Mercy]], leaving the Prophet of Truth firmly in control over the Covenant Empire.<ref>''Halo 2'', campaign level, [[The Great Journey (level)|The Great Journey]]</ref>
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| =====Onyx Conflict=====
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| [[File:Ghosts of Onyx Cover.jpg|thumb|250px|[[SPARTAN Program|SPARTANs]] during the [[Onyx Conflict]].]]
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| Long before the events around Halo, the classified UNSC colony of [[Onyx]] had been designated the headquarters and training ground for the SPARTAN-III program. However, the UNSC had no idea that the planet was in fact a huge [[Sentinel|Forerunner structure]], integral to the [[Halo Array]], and composed of trillions of [[Onyx Sentinel|Sentinels]].<ref>''Halo: Ghosts of Onyx'', p. 377-378</ref> After John-117's destruction of Alpha Halo, the Sentinels were roused by the disruption of the Halo network and the portal leading into the [[Trevelyan|Shield World]] at the planet's core began to close. At this time, a small group of SPARTAN-IIIs were training in a top honors exercise on the surface. After the humans failed to exchange the proper counter-responses, the Sentinels relabeled the [[Reclaimer]]s as an "aboriginal subspecies" and began to exterminate them.<ref>''Halo: Ghosts of Onyx'', p. 133</ref> Led by [[Kurt-051]], the SPARTAN-IIIs fought a guerrilla war against the Sentinels until Doctor [[Catherine Halsey]] arrived on Onyx and explained the wider situation. Knowing that the Forerunner technology buried in Onyx's core could turn the tide of the war for humanity, Halsey used Forerunner technology to send a message to [[Fleet Admiral]] [[Terrence Hood|Sir Terrence Hood]], requesting reinforcements. Hood deployed [[Blue Team]] to Onyx, who stole [[Bloodied Spirit|a Covenant destroyer]] to reach the planet in time.<ref>''Halo: Ghosts of Onyx'', p. 221</ref>
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| Meanwhile, the [[Joyous Exultation Covenant|Sangheili forces]] under the leadership of [[Imperial Admiral]] [[Xytan 'Jar Wattinree]] deployed a fleet to Onyx to claim the "sacred relics" for their fight against the Jiralhanae. Xytan would not live to hear of the results of this mission, as he and the majority of his fleet were annihilated by a UNSC [[NOVA bomb]] recovered from Reach.<ref>''Halo: Ghosts of Onyx'', p. 244-245</ref> After Blue Team made landfall, [[Fleet Master]] [[Voro Nar 'Mantakree]]'s fleet arrived at Onyx, taking down hundreds of orbiting Sentinels before discovering the UNSC forces in the recently uncovered Forerunner city below. 'Mantakree personally led the Covenant forces on the surface, before a [[Patterson's battle group|UNSC battlegroup]] arrived and used tactical skill and indirect help from the Sentinels to destroy the majority of the Sangheili fleet before being wiped out by reinforcements from [[Joyous Exultation]], with only [[UNSC Dusk|one ship]] escaping.<ref>''Halo: Ghosts of Onyx'', p. 333</ref>
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| Underneath Onyx, the Spartans had discovered the [[core room antechamber]] and held off hundreds of Covenant troops before being forced to retreat into the shield world in the core. Kurt-051 sacrificed himself by detonating two [[FENRIS nuclear warhead]]s, killing the entire Covenant force.<ref>'''Halo: Ghosts of Onyx''', ''page 371''</ref> After the core was sealed, Onyx broke up into trillions of Sentinels, guarding the construct. With their forces dangerously depleted, many of the warlike Sangheili subsequently allied with their former enemy, humanity, under the Arbiter's leadership.
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| =====Arrival of the Flood and Human-Sangheili victory=====
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| [[File:Final meeting 7.png|thumb|250px|The Sangheili and humans make ready to finish Truth and the Covenant.]]
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| Following the Flood infestation of ''High Charity'', the High Prophet of Truth led his remaining fleet to Earth to complete what his occupation forces on Earth had started. Little did he realize that a SPARTAN-II had stowed away with him on board his Dreadnought. By the time Truth arrived at Earth, a full-scale battle in space and on the ground was underway between UNSC and [[Covenant fleet]]s.<ref name="bnet">[http://halo.bungie.net/News/content.aspx?type=topnews&cid=16989 '''Bungie.net''': ''Bungie Weekly Update: 01/23/09 '']</ref>
| | ===[[2525]]=== |
| | *After the "[[First Battle of Harvest]]", the Minister of Fortitude becomes the [[Prophet of Truth]] and declares war on Humanity. |
| | *The [[Battle of Chi Ceti]] takes place. |
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| After several weeks of combat, the [[UNSC Home Fleet]] was nearly wiped out. However, the attacking Covenant armada was also vastly reduced and focused on securing an enormous unearthed Forerunner structure near the ruins of New Mombasa. With the arrival of John-117, the remaining UNSC forces launched an assault on the area, sweeping aside all Covenant resistance and finally launching an all-out attack on the Prophet of Truth's [[Forerunner Dreadnought]]. Unfortunately, even in-atmosphere MAC strikes proved ineffective against the ancient ship's hull, as Truth quickly activated [[the Portal]] and escaped. Events were further complicated by an unexpected attack by the Flood. Thanks to the timely arrival of the Sangheili, the Flood force was vanquished but not before Master Chief recovered a recording from Cortana, who had stayed behind on ''High Charity''. Cortana's message told of a means to stop the Flood on the other end of the portal.<ref>''[[Halo 3]]'', campaign level, [[Floodgate]]</ref>
| | ===[[2530]]=== |
| | *The Covenant destroys the UNSC colony world of [[Eridanus II]]. |
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| [[File:H3 LesserArkConflict.png|thumb|left|250px|The battle raging over [[Installation 00]].]] | | ===[[2531]]=== |
| The final battle of the war was fought on [[2552#December|December 11, 2552]].{{Ref/Reuse|fortitude}} A small fleet of human and Sangheili forces was sent through the portal, leading them to the Ark, just outside the [[Milky Way]]. As they arrived, the Covenant fleet above the Ark immediately attacked. Though the joint human-Sangheili fleet was outnumbered 3–1, the battle ended in defeat for Truth's Jiralhanae fleet. At the same time, UNSC forces were deployed to the surface of the Ark in order to stop Truth, who was attempting to activate the Halo Array from the Ark's [[Installation 00 Citadel|Citadel]].<ref>''Halo 3'', campaign level, [[The Ark (level)|The Ark]]</ref>
| | *[[Second Battle of Harvest]]. The [[UNSC]] and [[Covenant]] meet in ship-to-ship combat for the first time; the [[Covenant]] are outnumbered and out gunned, nevertheless the battle is a high priced victory for the [[UNSC Forces]], costing the UNSC 2/3s of the fleet which was assembled to encounter the threat. |
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| Led by the Master Chief, the UNSC forces smashed through the remaining Covenant resistance on the ground. The battle was complicated by the arrival of ''High Charity''. As the Flood began to spread, the Chief and the [[Thel 'Vadamee|Arbiter]] went on to thwart Truth, who died in mid-Flood-infection at the Arbiter's hand with the Flood helping to reach him. John-117 deactivated the Halo Array, preserving all life within its firing pattern. With the Covenant forces completely shattered, Truth's death marked the effective end to the war.{{Ref/Reuse|The Covenant}} The Flood still remained a threat, but were eliminated by John-117, the Arbiter, Cortana and Sergeant Johnson by firing the isolated replacement Halo over the Ark itself, destroying [[Installation 08]] and damaging [[Installation 00]] severely. Although ''Forward Unto Dawn'' managed to reach the portal, the portal collapsed splitting the vessel in half. Trapped in the rear section of the frigate, John-117 placed himself into cryosleep until he could be retrieved, eventually drifting to the Forerunner shield world of [[Requiem]]. The UNSC's greatest soldier, and humanity's champion, was presumed dead.{{Ref/Reuse|Halo}}
| | ===[[2535]]=== |
| | *The [[Covenant]] [[Glass|destroys]] the UNSC colony world of [[Jericho VII]] in the [[Battle of Jericho VII]]. |
| | *In the course of four short years, [[UNSC]] forces have been hammered, despite excellent leadership and tactical brilliance. It is simply a matter of being outgunned; Covenant kill ratios tend to top three to one in ship-to-ship combat. By 2535, virtually all of the [[Outer Colonies|Outer Colony]] worlds have been glassed by the Covenant. |
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| =====The SUNSPEAR mistake===== | | ===[[2536]]=== |
| {{Main|Operation: SUNSPEAR}}
| | *Covenant forces begin to swarm into the [[Inner Colonies]]. For several years the war falls into a pattern: humans win isolated battles, typically during ground operations, but at a horrible cost. In space combat, the humans are losing at a precipitous rate, and one by one, the colonies fall. |
| With humanity under threat of complete annihilation, [[ONI]] sent [[SPARTAN-II]] [[Gray Team]] on a mission deep behind enemy lines. The plan was that if [[Earth]] fell, Gray Team would retaliate against the [[Sangheili]] who led the naval fleets that destroyed human colonies by attacking a Sangheili world.
| | *The events of the Halo book "The Cole Protocol" take place. |
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| During the [[Battle for Earth]], Gray Team received a message stating Condition Endgame, meaning that the Covenant had appeared in the [[Sol system]] and the [[Cole Protocol]] had finally failed to protect the planet. Unable to reach [[Sanghelios]] as it was too well defended, Gray Team instead targeted [[Sangheili colonies|the colony world]] of [[Glyke]], home to billions of Sangheili. Though the war ended, Gray Team's ship had a damaged deep-space communications device and thus could not receive any orders to cease or withdraw. Confident that humanity was about to be destroyed, Gray Team took a vote and decided to carry out the mission, hoping that the slaughter would stop humanity's extinction. In December 2552, just days after [[Treaty of 2552|a tentative peace treaty]] was established with [[Thel 'Vadam]] and the [[Fleet of Retribution]], Gray Team destroyed Glyke with a [[NOVA bomb]]. With their ship damaged by the blast, Gray Team was forced to evacuate aboard [[Whiskey Tango Foxtrot One|their lifeboat]] and was left adrift in Glyke's remains, asleep in [[cryo chamber]]s.<ref>''[[Halo: Envoy]]'', p. 177-180</ref>
| | ===[[2537]]=== |
| {{Clear}}
| | *Discovery of Covenant Manufacturing Plant [[K7-49]] at the [[Battle of New Harmony]]. |
| | *[[Battle of New Constantinople]], Covenant [[glassing]] of [[New Constantinople]]. |
| | *[[Siege of the Atlas Moons]] was a rare victory for the [[UNSC]], as victories in space-based fighting were uncommon for the UNSC Human Fleet. |
| | *[[Operation: PROMETHEUS]]: UNSC Victory. [[Spartan-III]] [[Alpha Company]] is killed by [[Covenant]] forces. |
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| ==Aftermath== | | ===[[2544]]=== |
| [[File:Attend2.PNG|thumb|250px|The ceremony held to honor the fallen.]] | | *[[Spartan-II]] supersoldier [[Sheila]] dies in [[The Battle of Miridem]]. |
| {{Quote|Decades from now, when historians evaluate the war, what will they say about us? Will they claim that our victory was ultimately fruitless? That it failed to secure a lasting peace, or worse, that it was only a prelude to far greater horrors that now lay ahead? My hope -- OUR HOPE -- is that history would instead view this war as a catalyst. That the last thirty years were a crucible, a threshing floor for our species, sifting out our fears and frailties. And that ultimately it made us stronger and more vigilant in the end, fully prepared for whatever will come next. After all, what good is struggle if there is no change? What good is a fire if the sword is not made stronger?|[[Codename: SURGEON]] prefacing the first [[Eleventh Hour reports|Eleventh Hour report]].<ref name="EH">'''[[Eleventh Hour reports]]''': ''Aftermath (1/5)''</ref>}}
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| On [[2553|March 3, 2553]], a [[Voi Memorial|monument was erected on a hillside]] near the Portal to the Ark to commemorate the billions of men and women killed during the war, and [[John-117]]'s tag was included as he was presumed [[Missing in action|MIA]] by the UNSC, as no Spartan could be declared dead. Lord Hood shook hands with the Arbiter to signify an end to hostilities and [[Treaty of 2552|a formal ceasefire]] was agreed upon between the UNSC and the Arbiter's [[Swords of Sanghelios]]. The [[Treaty of 2552]] was eventually signed between humanity and the Swords of Sanghelios, officially ending the war for the two factions. As part of the treaty, neither faction was allowed to return to the remains of [[Installation 04]] with a return being considered a severe violation of the peace.
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| The Great Schism, now the [[Sangheili-Jiralhanae war]], would continue for at least another six years between Sangheili and Jiralhanae factions, further depleting their now crumbling infrastructure. Their reliance upon the sciences and technology of the Forerunners, while neglecting their own, proved a weakness. The fate of the Prophets, after the infestation of ''High Charity'' resulted in the near-extinction of their race, now hangs in the balance, with little more than a thousand survivors able to flee to unknown space. The most destructive conflict in modern human history had ended in the survival of humanity, but at a staggering cost. Both the UNSC and the former members of the now-broken Covenant then turned to the enormous task of rebuilding their once great societies.
| | ===[[2545]]=== |
| | *[[Operation: TORPEDO]]: UNSC Victory. All Spartan IIIs, with the exception of Tom-B292 and Lucy-B091 of [http://halo.wikia.com/wiki/Spartan-III Spartan-III] Beta Company are killed by Covenant forces. |
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| ===Recovery and assessment=== | | ===[[2549]]=== |
| After the war, [[Codename: SURGEON]] authored [[Eleventh Hour reports|a series of reports]] detailing the impact of the Covenant War and the postwar status quo. In light of predicted resurgences of Covenant remnants and the Insurrection, as well as new discoveries regarding the Forerunners and their complex relationship with humanity, SURGEON hoped that future historians would view the war as an experience which served to strengthen the resolve of humanity as a whole and prepared them for even worse struggles yet to come.{{Ref/Reuse|EH}} This view echoes SURGEON's own conclusions regarding the Insurrection's impact on humanity's survival in the Covenant War in ''[[Historical/Psychological Analysis of Cole, Preston J.]]''<ref>'''Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe''' - ''The Impossible Life and the Possible Death of Preston J. Cole'', ''page 457''</ref>
| | *[[Siege of Paris IV]], Covenant victory. |
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| ===New conflicts=== | | ===[[2552]]=== |
| {{Main|Post-Covenant War conflicts}}
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| The end of the war only provided a short period of calm for humanity and the former-Covenant species, before threats both new and old began to emerge. The end of the war had had a profound effect on Thel 'Vadam, whose human-sympathetic policies were ultimately a factor in the beginning of the Blooding Years and the rise of the [[Servants of the Abiding Truth]]. [[Shipmaster]] [[Jul 'Mdama]] eventually reunited some of the [[Covenant remnants|disparate factions]] which had surfaced in the wake of the Covenant's dissolution and formed a [[Jul 'Mdama's Covenant faction|new "Covenant" faction]], resuming hostility against humanity. This faction was one of the most prominent players in the [[post-Covenant War conflicts]], which later saw the involvement of reawakened [[Forerunner]] [[Promethean]]s led by the [[Ur-Didact|Didact]]. This short-lived conflict would be fought until [[2558|late-2558]], resulting in the destruction of Jul 'Mdama's Covenant shortly after his death at the [[Battle of Kamchatka]], as well as the Didact's defeat at the [[New Phoenix Incident]] a year prior.
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| {{Clear}}
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| In addition to these new threats, the ongoing [[Insurrection]] that had stalemated as a result of the prolonged struggle for survival against the Covenant onslaught began to resurface as humanity's fractured and decimated domain across the galaxy struggled to unify under the resurgent Unified Earth Government. In spite of the diplomatic efforts of [[Fleet Admiral]] [[Terrence Hood]] to rebuild and unite Earth's remaining [[Human colonies|colonies]], many such worlds in the far reaches of space have pledged their loyalty to various Insurrectionist factions in their disillusionment of the UNSC, accusing it of having abandoned them in the war. Some movements such as the highly militant [[New Colonial Alliance]] have collaborated with various Covenant remnants in weapons smuggling and terrorist attacks against the UNSC, necessitating a heightened military response against this new Insurrection as various Covenant factions continued to bolster their ranks.
| | ====July==== |
| | *[[Battle of Draco III]]. Covenant kill all UNSC ground forces and capture thousands of civilians. Later a [[SPARTAN]] squad arrive and kill all [[Covenant]] forces only to find that the civilians were killed by ravenous, raging Grunts and Jackals. |
| | *[[Battle of Sigma Octanus IV]]. The single greatest [[UNSC]] victory since [[Harvest]]. However, the Covenant gain what they seek: the location of [[Installation 04]]. They also discover the Human presence on [[Reach]]. |
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| ==Engagements== | | ====August==== |
| {{Human-Covenant War}}
| | *[[First Battle of Reach]]. 314 Covenant ships destroy 152 UNSC ships and 20 [[ODP]]s for the loss of at least two-thirds of their fleet. It is a major Covenant victory: [[Reach]] is the last major stronghold before [[Sol]]. The ''[[UNSC Pillar of Autumn]]'' escapes. |
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| ==Timeline== | | ====September==== |
| {{Main|Timeline of the Human-Covenant War}}
| | [[Image:Ddd03.jpg|thumb|right|Part of the wreckage of the destroyed Installation 04|200px]] |
| {{Expand-section}}
| | *[[Battle of Installation 04]]. The ''Pillar of Autumn'' engages the Covenant, [[Halo]] expedition. After four days the battle degenerated into a four-way melee as the [[Flood]] organisms are released and [[Forerunner]] constructs, Sentinels seek to contain the outbreak. The crew of the ''Pillar of Autumn'' are instrumental in preventing the Flood from escaping and the installation from firing by destroying the installation. There are only a handful of survivors. |
| | *[[Second Battle of Reach]]. John 117 and all the survivors of the Battle of Installation 04 raid Reach to rescue a [[SPARTAN]]-II team trapped on Reach by a Covenant fleet. They rescue the Spartan squad leaving a great deal of damage to the Covenant fleet ships and the ground forces. |
| | *[[Operation: FIRST STRIKE]]. Six [[SPARTAN-II]] super soldiers rout and destroy a fleet of 512 Covenant starships preparing to jump to Earth. This is the single greatest victory, for the humans during the entire war and the single greatest loss to the Covenant. |
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| ==Non-canon and dubious canon appearances== | | ====October==== |
| ===Silver Timeline=== | | *[[First Battle of Earth]]. 15 Covenant ships assault Earth, defended by at least 75 or more UNSC vessels and 300 ODPs. The Covenant were not expecting the heavy human presence, as well as their new orbital MAC defenses, and are completely destroyed save for the Prophet of Regret's assault carrier. |
| {{Main|Human-Covenant War/Silver}}
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| In the [[Silver Timeline]], [[The Rubble]] manages to survive for quite a bit longer through the war. As well, the [[Halo Array]] is discovered in a different manner.{{Ref/Site|Id=Debrief1|URL=https://www.halowaypoint.com/news/silver-debrief-a-new-beginning|Site=Halo Waypoint|Page=Silver Debrief: A New Beginning|D=9|M=3|Y=2022}} [[Operation]]s [[Operation: FALLEN WALLS|FALLEN WALLS]], [[Operation: HORIZON|HORIZON]] (on [[Algol]] rather than [[Cascade]]), and [[Operation: IRON FIST|IRON FIST]] took place in the timeline as well.{{Ref/Reuse|Halsey's Computer}}
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| [[Harvest]] was glassed by the Covenant prior to [[2540]].{{Ref/Site|Id=Halsey's Computer|URL=https://halotheseries.tv/|Site=Halo: The Series|Page=Dr. Catherine Halsey's Computer|D=25|M=3|Y=2022|LocalArchive=Dr. Catherine Halsey's Computer}} In [[2552]], the Covenant [[Attack on Madrigal|attacked]] [[Madrigal]] resulting in [[Silver Team/Silver|Silver Team]] being deployed to the planet.{{Ref/Generic|[[Halo: The Television Series]]|[[Contact]]}} | | ====November==== |
| | *[[Battle of Installation 05]]. The lone surviving Covenant warship from the First Battle of Earth retreats to [[Installation 05]], pursued by a score of small UNSC warships. Only one, the ''[[UNSC In Amber Clad]]'', arrives in time to participate in the battle. Again, released Flood and Forerunner overseers join the struggle. The [[Prophet of Regret]] is assassinated by [[SPARTAN-117]]. Again, the installation is prevented from firing and the Flood appear to take control of the installation. |
| | *The [[Civil War of the Covenant]] begins. Covenant forces are thoroughly divided between the Elites and the Brutes. Every race in the Covenant takes sides. The [[Prophet of Mercy]] is later killed by a Flood Infection Form. High Charity itself is eventually overrun by the Flood infestation. |
| | *[[Second Battle of Earth]]. The [[Brute]] faction of the Covenant returns to [[Earth]] in force, apparently conquering Africa. Later, during the next few months [[UNSC Marine Corps|Marines]], with help of the [[Covenant Separatists|Separatists]], pushed back the loyalist invaders. |
| | *[[Battle of Onyx]]. The near-successful activation of [[Installation 05]] wakes dormant Forerunner installations, including the [[Sentinels]] on Onyx which then threaten the UNSC base there. The [[SPARTAN-II]]s of [[Blue Team]] fight their way off of [[Earth]] and commandeer a [[Covenant Destroyer]], the ''[[Bloodied Spirit]]'', to relieve [[Onyx]]. Covenant and UNSC ships converge on Onyx but ultimately all are destroyed except for the ''[[UNSC Dusk]]''. UNSC survivors retreat within the Onyx [[Shield World]]. |
| | *[[Battle of the Ark|Battle of Installation 00]]. |
| | *All Loyalist vessels destroyed over the Ark by the Separatist Fleet. |
| | *The final Covenant religious leader, the [[Prophet of Truth]], is executed by the Arbiter with help from the Flood. The Master Chief stops the Ark from firing the Halo Rings. |
| | *High Charity is destroyed by the Master Chief after he blasts the city's main reactors causing them to go critical. |
| | *The Battle of [[Installation 04 (II)|Installation 04 (II)]]. Thel 'Vadam, [[Master Chief]] and Johnson battle to the control room that's on [[Installation 04 (II)]]. Guilty Spark runs rampant, killing Johnson before being destroyed. [[Alpha Halo]]’s Sentinels turned on the Master Chief, Thel 'Vadam, and the Elites. The unfinished Installation 04 is activated, damaging the Ark and destroying the entire local Flood infestation including the [[Gravemind]]. These final events ended The Human-Covenant War. |
| | *The Master Chief, Cortana, and Thel 'Vadam escape but only Thel 'Vadam gets back to Earth. The Master Chief and Cortana are drifting in between Earth and The Ark due to the portal closing. They are inside the back half of [[Forward Unto Dawn]], and no one on Earth knows what happened to them. |
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| ===Non-canon=== | | ===[[2553]]=== |
| In the ''[[Halo Legends]]'' short ''[[Odd One Out]]'', UNSC forces fought Covenant forces on [[Cronkee]].
| | ====March==== |
| | *The war ends in a [[UNSC]]-[[Covenant Separatists]] victory. The victors erect a monument on a hillside near the Ark's Gateway to commemorate those fallen. At this time [[John-117]] and Cortana are declared [[MIA]].(They are shown to be alive floating towards a currently unknown planet.) The [[Sangheili]] then depart for the return to [[Sanghelios]]. |
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| ==Trivia== | | ==Trivia== |
| *The "''Great War''", a name for the war used by [[Petra Janecek]], was [[Wikipedia:World War I#Names|originally]] used for the [[World War I|First World War]] prior to the outbreak of the [[World War II|Second World War]] in 1939. | | *The very first [[Covenant]] species to encounter the [[Human]]s were the [[Unggoy]], the [[Huragok]], the [[Kig-Yar]], and the [[Jiralhanae]] - in that order- all prior to the inception of the war. |
| *[[Avery Johnson]] was the only human to witness both the beginning and end of the Human-Covenant War, as he was present when [[Harvest]] was attacked and saw the Prophet of Truth's death, which signified the end of the war. He was also the first human to kill a member of the Covenant.
| | *The war actually started at [[Harvest]], where the [[Brute]] ship ''[[Rapid Conversion]]'' attempted to recover the [[Forerunner]] relics that had been revealed by the ships [[Luminary]]. |
| **Similarly, [[Miranda Keyes]] was born a short time after the war began and died during its last major battle. | | *The first known human casualty that the Covenant inflicted, was [[Henry Gibson|Henry "Hank" Gibson]], pilot of the freighter ''[[This End Up]]'' when a [[Huragok]] named ''[[Lighter Than Some]]'' threw a hunting rock into his head to protect its [[Unggoy]] friend "[[Dadab]]". Hank had been assaulting the Unggoy, believing Dadab to be one of the aggressive boarders - the [[Kig-yar]]. |
| *Admiral [[Preston Cole]] questioned the Covenant's apparent difficulty of finding Earth; he pointed out that they could have simply picked up human radio signals and triangulated the source. Cole theorized that the Covenant's systematic destruction of human colonies before assaulting Earth may have been due to an internal scheme within the upper tiers of the Covenant hierarchy that prevented Earth from being targeted sooner; that the destruction of the Outer Colonies before Earth was part of a religious ritual; or that the Covenant were not particularly interested in humanity's homeworld strategically, but for some other, unknown reason. Cole suspected that members of the Covenant military may not have been informed of the particulars of these underlying schemes; in order to prevent hypothetical "rogue elements" within the Covenant military from attacking Earth without authorization from the Covenant leadership, Cole recommended ONI to obfuscate human radio signals in slipspace.<ref>'''Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe''', "The Impossible Life and the Possible Death of Preston J. Cole", ''page 469''</ref> Cole's speculations appear to have been at least partially correct; the Prophet of Truth had a far-reaching plan to increase his personal power, which involved keeping the other Hierarchs and most of the Covenant ignorant of key information, including the location of the human homeworld, until the optimal moment to strike Earth. Truth's plans were partially compromised when the Prophet of Regret discovered the location of the Ark Portal on his own and proceeded to attack Earth, unaware of the human presence.{{Ref/Reuse|tentwenty}} Despite Cole's theories, however, the possibility of triangulating Earth's position from radio signals does not appear to have occurred to the Hierarchs, as evidenced by Truth's more convoluted plan to have Kig-Yar led by [[Reth]] acquire navigation data leading to Earth from [[the Rubble]],<ref>'''Halo: The Cole Protocol''', ''page 285-286''</ref> and the fact that Truth did not discover Earth's location until 2552.{{Ref/Reuse|tentwenty}}
| | *The human race was saved by the [[Covenant Separatists]] near the end of the war. |
| *The length of the Human-Covenant War (28 years) is a reference to the number [[seven]]: 28/4= '''7'''.
| |
| **The start and end years are also a reference: 2+5+2+5=2+5+5+2=14/2 = '''7'''.
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|
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|
| ==List of appearances==
| | {{Humanwars}} |
| {{Col-begin}}
| | {{Covenantwars}} |
| {{col-3}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: The Fall of Reach]]'' {{1st}}
| |
| **''[[Halo: The Fall of Reach#2010 bonus content|Adjunct]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Combat Evolved]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: The Flood]]''
| |
| **''[[Halo: The Flood#2010 bonus content|Adjunct]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: First Strike]]''
| |
| **''[[Halo: First Strike#2010 bonus content|Adjunct]]''
| |
| *''[[i love bees]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo 2]]''
| |
| **''[[Conversations from the Universe]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo Graphic Novel]]''
| |
| **''[[Breaking Quarantine]]''
| |
| **''[[Second Sunrise Over New Mombasa]]''
| |
| **''[[The Last Voyage of the Infinite Succor]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Ghosts of Onyx]]''
| |
| *''[[Starry Night]]''
| |
| *''[[Believe]]''
| |
| **''[[Diorama]]'' {{C|Diorama only}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: Landfall]]''
| |
| **''[[Halo: Combat]]''
| |
| **''[[Halo: Last One Standing]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Uprising]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo 3]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Contact Harvest]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: The Cole Protocol]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo Wars: Genesis]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo Wars]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Helljumper]]''
| |
| *''[[The Life]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo 3: ODST]]''
| |
| **''[[Sadie's Story]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo Legends]]''
| |
| **''[[Homecoming]]''
| |
| **''[[Odd One Out]]'' {{C|Non-canonical appearance}}
| |
| **''[[Origins]]''
| |
| **''[[Prototype]]''
| |
| **''[[The Babysitter]]''
| |
| **''[[The Package (animated short)|The Package]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe]]''
| |
| **''[[Stomping on the Heels of a Fuss]]''
| |
| **''[[Midnight in the Heart of Midlothian]]''
| |
| **''[[Dirt]]''
| |
| **''[[Headhunters (short story)|Headhunters]]
| |
| **''[[Blunt Instruments]]''
| |
| **''[[The Mona Lisa]]''
| |
| **''[[Palace Hotel]]''
| |
| **''[[Human Weakness]]''
| |
| **''[[The Impossible Life and the Possible Death of Preston J. Cole]]''
| |
| **''[[The Return]]''
| |
| {{col-3}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: Blood Line]]''
| |
| *''[[Remember Reach]]''
| |
| **''[[Patrol]]'' {{Im}}
| |
| **''[[Deliver Hope]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Reach]]''
| |
| **''[[Data pads]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Fall of Reach]]''
| |
| **''[[Halo: Fall of Reach - Boot Camp|Boot Camp]]''
| |
| **''[[Halo: Fall of Reach - Covenant|Covenant]]''
| |
| **''[[Halo: Fall of Reach - Invasion|Invasion]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Glasslands]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary]]''
| |
| **''[[Terminal (Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary)|Terminals]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: The Thursday War]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo 4: Forward Unto Dawn]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo 4]]'' <small>([[Prologue]] Only)</small>
| |
| *''[[Halo: Spartan Assault]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: Initiation]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Escalation]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Broken Circle]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo 2: Anniversary]]''
| |
| **''[[Terminal (Halo 2: Anniversary)|Terminals]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: New Blood]]''
| |
| *''[[Hunt the Truth]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Spartan Strike]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Hunters in the Dark]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: Last Light]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: The Fall of Reach - The Animated Series]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo 5: Guardians]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| **''[[Halo 5: Guardians Limited Edition dossiers|Limited Edition dossiers]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: Ground Command]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo Mythos]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Smoke and Shadow]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo Wars 2]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: Envoy]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: Rise of Atriox]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Retribution]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: Legacy of Onyx]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Bad Blood]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: Collateral Damage]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Fireteam Raven]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Silent Storm]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Official Spartan Field Manual]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Battle Born]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Renegades]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: Oblivion]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Meridian Divide]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Shadows of Reach]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| **''[[Sacrifice]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| {{col-3}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: Point of Light]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: Divine Wind]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Become]]''
| |
| **''[[Unspoken]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| **''[[Project Magnes (trailer)|Project Magnes]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| **''[[Lightbringers]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo Infinite]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: The Television Series]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: The Rubicon Protocol]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: Winter Contention]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Outcasts]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: Sunrise on Sanghelios]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: Saturn Devouring His Son]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: Battle for the Blood-Moon]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: Hippocratica]]''
| |
| *''[[Halo: Anvil Accord]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| *''[[Halo: The Machine Breaks]]'' {{Mo}}
| |
| {{col-end}} | |
|
| |
|
| ==Notes== | | ==References== |
| <references group="notes"/> | | <references/> |
| | |
| ==Sources==
| |
| {{Ref/Sources|3}}
| |
| {{Human wars}}
| |
| {{Covenantwars}}
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|
| |
|
| [[Category:Wars]]
| |
| [[Category:Human-Covenant War| ]] | | [[Category:Human-Covenant War| ]] |
| [[Category:History of the UNSC]]
| |
| [[Category:Battles of the Human-Covenant War| ]]
| |
