Editing Halo: Initiation

From Halopedia, the Halo wiki

You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.

The edit can be undone. Please check the comparison below to verify that this is what you want to do, and then publish the changes below to finish undoing the edit.

Latest revision Your text
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Title|''Halo: Initiation''}}
{{Title|''Halo: Initiation''}}
{{Status|RealWorld}}
{{Era|RW}}
{{Comics infobox
{{New Content}}
|image=[[File:Halo initiation.jpg|280px]]
{{Novel infobox
|writer=[[Brian Reed]]
|image=[[File:Halo Initiation.jpg|280px]]
|artist=*Marco Castiello (artist)<br>
|author=[[Brian Reed]] ''(writer)''<br>
*Michael Atiyeh (colorist)
Marco Castiello ''(artist)''<br>
*John Liberto, Terry Dodson, Rachael Dodson, Paul Richards & [[Kenneth Scott]] (cover artists)
Michael Atiyeh ''(colorist)''<br>
|publisher=[[Dark Horse Comics]]
John Liberto, Terry Dodson, Rachael Dodson, Paul Richards & Kenneth Scott ''(cover artists)''
|publisher=Dark Horse Comics
|publication=
|publication=
*[[Halo: Initiation Issue 1|Issue 1]]: August 14, [[2013]]
*Issue #1: August 14, [[2013]]
*[[Halo: Initiation Issue 2|Issue 2]]: September 11, 2013<ref>[http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/23-762/Halo-Initiation-2 '''Dark Horse''' - ''Halo: Initiation #2'']</ref>
*Issue #2: September 11, 2013<ref>[http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/23-762/Halo-Initiation-2 '''Dark Horse''' - ''Halo: Initiation #2'']</ref>
*[[Halo: Initiation Issue 3|Issue 3]]: October 9, 2013<ref>[http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/23-763/Halo-Initiation-3 '''Dark Horse''' - ''Halo: Initiation #3'']</ref>
*Issue #3: October 9, 2013<ref>[http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/23-763/Halo-Initiation-3 '''Dark Horse''' - ''Halo: Initiation #3'']</ref>}}
*Hardcover: January 8, [[2014]]<ref>[http://www.newsarama.com/18670-dark-horse-november-2013-solicitations.html Dark Horse NOVEMBER 2013 Solicitations]</ref>
'''''Halo: Initiation''''' is a three-part comic book series produced by [[Wikipedia:Dark Horse Comics|Dark Horse Comics]]. It acts as the origin story for [[Sarah Palmer|Commander Sarah Palmer]] and is presented as a lead-in to ''[[Halo: Spartan Assault]]'', which also stars Palmer.<ref>[https://digital.darkhorse.com/profile/3407/ '''Dark Horse''': ''Halo: Initiation #1 Preview'']</ref> The series follows her career from her time as an [[Orbital Drop Shock Troopers|Orbital Drop Shock Trooper]] to the leader of the [[SPARTAN-IV Program|SPARTAN-IVs]] aboard the {{UNSCship|Infinity}}.<ref>[http://www.wired.com/gamelife/2013/04/halo-initiation-comic/ '''Wired.com''': ''First Look: Dark Horse Debuts New Halo Comic Series'']</ref><ref>[http://blogs.halowaypoint.com/Headlines/post/2013/04/26/Dark-Horse-Announces-Halo-Initiation.aspx '''Halo Waypoint''', ''Dark Horse Announces Halo Initiation'']</ref>
*''Halo: Escalation'' Library Edition: May 24, [[2016]]<ref name="amazonhe">[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1616559071/ref=s9_cartx_gw_d44_g14_i3?pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_s=desktop-5&pf_rd_r=0XN1FBDGFEWV6RV15ZTG&pf_rd_t=36701&pf_rd_p=2090149182&pf_rd_i=desktop '''Amazon''': ''Halo: Escalation Library Edition'']</ref>
*Omnibus Volume #1 TPB: November 28, [[2018]]
*Initiation and Escalation TPB: November 02, [[2022]]{{Ref/Site|Id=DHIE|URL=https://www.darkhorse.com/Books/3009-559/Halo-Initiation-and-Escalation-TPB|Site=Dark Horse|Page=Initiation and Escalation|D=22|M=10|Y=2022}}
|length=96 pages
|ISBN=[[Special:BookSources/1616553251|1616553251]]
|pagelabel=Comic series
}}
'''''Halo: Initiation''''' is a three-part comic book series published by [[Dark Horse Comics]]. It acts as the origin story for [[Sarah Palmer|Commander Sarah Palmer]] and is presented as a lead-in to ''[[Halo: Spartan Assault]]'', which also stars Palmer.<ref>[https://digital.darkhorse.com/profile/3407/ '''Dark Horse''': ''Halo: Initiation #1 Preview'']</ref> The series follows her career from her time as an [[Orbital Drop Shock Troopers|Orbital Drop Shock Trooper]] to the leader of the [[SPARTAN-IV Program|SPARTAN-IVs]] aboard the {{UNSCShip|Infinity}}.<ref>[http://www.wired.com/gamelife/2013/04/halo-initiation-comic/ '''Wired.com''': ''First Look: Dark Horse Debuts New Halo Comic Series'']</ref><ref>[http://blogs.halowaypoint.com/Headlines/post/2013/04/26/Dark-Horse-Announces-Halo-Initiation.aspx '''Halo Waypoint''', ''Dark Horse Announces Halo Initiation'']</ref>


A hardcover edition was released on January 21, 2014.<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Halo-Initiation-Graphic-Brian-Reed-ebook/dp/B00GSA7GUS/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1387321365&sr=1-1&keywords=halo+initiation%7C '''Amazon''' - ''Halo Initiation Graphic Brian Reed]</ref>
==Official summary==
{{Article Quote|Halo - one of the largest video game franchises - comes to Dark Horse!


All three issues were released along with the first twelve issues of ''[[Halo: Escalation]]'' as part of the ''Halo: Escalation Library Edition'' on May 24, 2016.{{Ref/Reuse|amazonhe}}
Before she was a supersoldier defending humanity as part of the Spartan IV program, Sarah Palmer was an ODST carrying out the most dangerous missions behind enemy lines!
==Plot synopsis==
In [[2553#January|January 2553]], [[Commander]] [[Musa-096]], a former [[SPARTAN-II Program|SPARTAN-II]], has arranged an audience with several [[admiral]]s in [[HIGHCOM Facility Bravo-6]]. Despite reprehending the morality of the SPARTAN-II Program, Musa stresses the importance of the Spartans in the [[Human-Covenant War|Covenant War]] and argues that they are still necessary, revealing that he has created [[SPARTAN-IV Program|a new generation]] of the supersoldiers. Three months earlier, in [[2552#October|October 2552]], a group of [[Orbital Drop Shock Troopers|ODSTs]], including Sarah Palmer, are deployed on a planet under Covenant attack. On the surface, [[Admiral]] [[Kovalic]], protecting an important [[Artificial intelligence|AI]], is heading to an extraction point, but his [[M12 Light Reconnaissance Vehicle|Warthog]] is attacked by a [[Jiralhanae Chieftain]]. Palmer's [[M8900 drop pod]] lands nearby and she defends Kovalic from the Chieftain and other [[Covenant]] forces converging on their position. Even though she is wounded by a [[Type-33 Guided Munitions Launcher|Needler]] shard, Palmer eventually kills the Chieftain and saves the admiral. Three months later, while still recovering in a [[Lockhart medical station|UNSC medical facility]], Palmer is visited by [[Jun-A266]], who invites her to join the SPARTAN-IV Program.


A group of [[Insurrectionist]]s have stolen plans to the {{UNSCShip|Infinity}}. While some stand in disbelief, others feel it will be used to control the colonies; the leader, [[Ilsa Zane]], plans to take the ship for the Insurrectionists instead. Meanwhile, Sarah Palmer undergoes the augmentation procedures to become a SPARTAN-IV. Later, during a training exercise against several Marines, she rushes ahead of her Spartan-IV teammates, who are disabled in the process, to accomplish the objective. Jun-A266 and Musa-096 berate her for this, with the latter emphasizing the importance of Spartans working as a team. Later, while the new SPARTAN-IVs are given a tour of ''Infinity'' by [[Thomas Lasky]], the Insurrectionists make their way aboard the ship disguised as a construction crew. They take Captain Del Rio hostage and make their way to the bridge, taking control of the ship and hold the crew hostage. After realizing that the ship's AI, [[Aine]], has been shut down, Palmer decides to take the initiative and outfits herself with [[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor|MJOLNIR armor]], picking the [[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor/S variant#GEN2|Scout]] variant from the armor bay's limited selection of suits.
• The origin of Sarah Palmer and the Spartan IV program!


While the Spartan-IVs prepare to fend off the attackers, Jun explains Ilsa Zane's background: she is the only survivor of a secret, prototypical phase of the SPARTAN-IV program. Although her physical augmentations are superior to those of the mainline Spartan-IVs, they also made her mentally unstable, resulting in her defection. On the bridge, the Insurrectionists are attempting to gain full control of the ''Infinity''. As they detect the approaching Spartan-IVs, Zane activates S-deck's decompression system, ejecting several of the Spartans into space, with Thomas Lasky and Jun being saved by Palmer and Davis. Lasky contacts Captain Del Rio, while Palmer and Davis make their way for the ''Infinity'' bridge along the exterior hull of the ship. Zane sends a group of her henchmen to eliminate the rest of the Spartans, but Lasky manages to close a [[blast door]] between them. Meanwhile, Palmer and Davis storm the bridge, with Palmer facing off Zane in hand-to-hand combat while Davis takes on the rest of the insurgents. During the duel, Del Rio and the bridge crew enter the bridge and reactivate Aine, who opens the bridge's airlock. Palmer finally knocks Zane out, venting her into space. Later, an unconscious Zane is recovered by a [[UNSC prowler|prowler]] and wakes up to recognize an unknown individual. The narrative returns to Musa addressing the Admiralty. He states that the Spartans are to thank for exposing [[Admiral]] [[Mattius Drake]] and his rebel movement, the [[New Colonial Alliance]], as well as saving the ''Infinity'', and boldly declares the Spartans as an [[Spartan Operations|independent branch]].
• The Halo franchise has sales eclipsing $3 billion over its lifetime.
 
• From one of the writers of [[Halo 4]] - comics veteran Brian Reed!<ref>[http://comicrelated.com/news/20730/dark-horse-for-august '''Comic Related''': ''Dark Horse for August'']</ref>}}


==Issues==
==Issues==
===Issue 1===
===Issue 1===
[[File:HaloInitiation1.jpg|100px|right]]
'''Official summary:'''
{{Main|Halo: Initiation Issue 1}}
{{Article Quote|Before she was a super-soldier defending humanity as part of the Spartan-IV program, Sarah Palmer was an ODST—Orbital Drop Shock Trooper—carrying out the most dangerous missions behind enemy lines!}}
'''Official summary'''
 
{{Article quote|Halo - one of the largest video game franchises - comes to Dark Horse! Before she was a supersoldier defending humanity as part of the Spartan IV program, Sarah Palmer was an ODST carrying out the most dangerous missions behind enemy lines! Join her on her dramatic journey from the ranks of humanity’s toughest leathernecks to the highest echelon of elite warriors in the galaxy.
'''Synopsis'''<br>
*The origin of Sarah Palmer and the Spartan IV program!
The first issue opens with a meeting between SPARTAN-II washout [[Musa]] and several [[Admiral|admirals]] in January [[2553]], discussing the importance of the [[SPARTAN-II Program|SPARTAN-IIs]] during the [[Human-Covenant War|war]] and its moral implications. Musa argues that despite the defeat of the Covenant, their [[Covenant remnant|remnants]], as well as resurgent [[Insurrectionist|human rebels]], still pose a major threat and reveals that he has initiated [[SPARTAN-IV Program|a new generation]] of Spartans to combat them. The story then goes three months back, to [[2552#October|October 2552]], with a group of [[Orbital Drop Shock Troopers|ODSTs]] led by Sarah Palmer being deployed into combat.
*The Halo franchise has sales eclipsing $3 billion over its lifetime.
 
*From one of the writers of [[Halo 4]] - comics veteran Brian Reed!<ref>[https://digital.darkhorse.com/profile/3444.halo-initiation-1-john-liberto-cover/'''Dark Horse Comics''': ''Halo: Initiation #1'']</ref>}}
{{Clear}}
===Issue 2===
===Issue 2===
[[File:HaloInitiation2.jpg|100px|right]]
{{Article Quote|The UNSC Infinity, the UNSC’s newest and most sophisticated flagship, proves to be a tempting target for a group of insurgents. It’s up to Sarah Palmer and a bunch of rookie Spartans to defend Infinity, but are they up to the task?}}
{{Main|Halo: Initiation Issue 2}}
 
'''Official summary'''
{{Article quote|The UNSC Infinity, the UNSC's newest and most sophisticated flagship, proves to be a tempting target for a group of insurgents. It's up to Sarah Palmer and a bunch of rookie Spartans to defend Infinity, but are they up to the task?}}
{{Clear}}
===Issue 3===
===Issue 3===
[[File:HaloInitiation3.jpg|100px|right]]
{{Article Quote|Sarah Palmer and her new comrade Spartans are thrust into action when a violent insurgent group attempts to seize the UNSC flagship Infinity. Is their Spartan cunning a match for the insurgents’ brilliant guerrilla tactics?}}
{{Main|Halo: Initiation Issue 3}}
'''Official summary'''
{{Article quote|The conclusion of this three-part series reveals the story of how Commander Sarah Palmer became a Spartan-IV and leads directly into the exciting new mobile game from 343 Industries, Halo: Spartan Assault. Sarah Palmer and her new comrade Spartans are thrust into action when a violent insurgent group attempts to seize the UNSC flagship Infinity. Is their Spartan cunning a match for the insurgents' brilliant guerrilla tactics?}}
{{Clear}}


==Appearances==
==Appearances==
{{Featurelist|secondcolumn=title-5|title-1=Characters|
{{col-begin}}
*[[Aine]]
{{col-2}}
*[[Andrew Del Rio]]
===Characters===
*[[Anthony Madsen]]
*[[Bossman]] {{1st}}
*[[Bossman]] {{1st}}
*[[Carlo Hoya]]
*[[Catherine Halsey]] {{Mo}}  
*[[Catherine Halsey]] {{Mo}}  
*[[Edward Davis]]
*[[Edward Davis]]<ref>[http://blogs.halowaypoint.com/Headlines/post/2013/06/03/Halo-Initiation-Writer-Interview.aspx '''Halo Waypoint''' - ''Halo Initiation Writer Interview'']</ref>
*[[Gabriel Thorne]]
*[[Musa]]
*[[Ilsa Zane]] {{1st}}
*[[John-117]] {{Mo}}
*[[John-117]]
*[[Joel Thomas]] {{1st}}
*[[Jul 'Mdama]]
*[[Jul 'Mdama]]
*[[Jun-A266]]
*[[Jun-A266]]
*[[Kovalic]] {{1st}}
*[[Kovalic]] {{1st}}
*[[Mattius Drake]] {{Fm}}
*[[Musa-096]] {{1st}}
*[[Paul DeMarco]]
*[[Ryder]] {{1st}}
*[[Sarah Palmer]]
*[[Sarah Palmer]]
*[[Tedra Grant]]
*[[Thomas Lasky]]
*[[Vladimir Scruggs]] {{1st}}
*[[Yeong-hao Holst]] {{1st}}


|title-2=Species|
===Locations===
*[[Sol system]]
**[[Earth]]
***[[Africa]]
****[[East African Protectorate]]
*****[[Republic of Kenya]]
******[[Voi]]
*******[[Voi Memorial]]
***[[Australia]]
****[[Sydney]]
*****[[HIGHCOM Facility Bravo-6]]
 
===Species===
*[[Human]]
*[[Human]]
*[[Jiralhanae]]
*[[Jiralhanae]]
Line 87: Line 72:
*[[Unggoy]]
*[[Unggoy]]


|title-3=Organizations|
===Organizations===
*[[Covenant]]
*[[Insurrectionist]]s
**[[New Colonial Alliance]] {{1st}}
*[[Wikipedia:Sparta|Sparta]]
*[[United Nations Space Command]]
*[[United Nations Space Command]]
**[[UNSC Defense Force]]
**[[UNSC Defense Force]]
***[[Spartan Operations|Spartan]]
***[[Spartan (branch)|Spartan]]
****[[SPARTAN-IV Program]]
****[[SPARTAN-IV Program]]
*****[[Fireteam Majestic]]
***[[UNSC Marine Corps]]
***[[UNSC Marine Corps]]
****[[Orbital Drop Shock Troopers]]
****[[Orbital Drop Shock Troopers]]
Line 104: Line 84:
****[[Office of Naval Intelligence]]
****[[Office of Naval Intelligence]]
*****[[SPARTAN-III Program]]
*****[[SPARTAN-III Program]]
******[[SPARTAN-III Alpha Company|Alpha Company]]
*[[Covenant]]
*[[Insurrectionist]]s
{{col-2}}


|title-4=Locations|
===Vehicles===
*[[Sol system]]
*[[Lockhart medical station|''Lockhart'' medical station]] {{1st}}
**[[Earth]]
***[[Africa]]
****[[East African Protectorate]]
*****[[Republic of Kenya]]
******[[Voi]]
*******[[Voi Memorial]]
***[[Australia]]
****[[Sydney]]
*****[[HIGHCOM Facility Bravo-6]]
**[[Oort cloud]]
 
|title-5=Events|
*[[Wikipedia:Battle of Thermopylae|Battle of Thermopylae]]
*[[Human-Covenant War]]
*[[Insurrection]]
**[[Raid on UNSC Infinity]] {{1st}}
*[[SPARTAN-IV Augmentation Program]] {{1st}}
 
|title-6=Vehicles|
*{{Class|CAS|assault carrier}}
*{{Class|CAS|assault carrier}}
*{{Pattern|Ket|battlecruiser}}
*{{Class|CCS|battlecruiser}}
*{{Class|Ibis|freighter}}
*[[Lockhart medical station|''Lockhart'' medical station]] {{1st}}
*[[M12 Light Reconnaissance Vehicle]]
*[[M12 Light Reconnaissance Vehicle]]
*{{Class|Strident|heavy frigate}}
*{{UNSCShip|Infinity}}
*{{UNSCShip|Infinity}}
*[[Egret Spaceliner]]
*[[Unidentified civilian transport craft]]
*[[UNSC prowler]]
*[[Unidentified UNSC frigate class]]


|title-7=Weapons|
===Weapons===
*[[M6H Personal Defense Weapon System]]
*[[M6H Personal Defense Weapon System]]
*[[M9 High-Explosive Dual-Purpose grenade]]
*[[M9 High-Explosive Dual-Purpose grenade]]
*[[M45D Tactical Shotgun]]
*[[MA5D Individual Combat Weapon System]]
*[[MA5D Individual Combat Weapon System]]
*[[SRS99-S5 AM sniper rifle]]
*[[Type-2 Energy Weapon/Hammer]]
*[[Gravity hammer (fiction)|gravity hammer]]
*[[Type-25 Directed Energy Pistol]]
*[[Type-25 Directed Energy Pistol]]
*[[Type-33 Guided Munitions Launcher]]
*[[Type-33 Guided Munitions Launcher]]


|title-8=Equipment and Technology|
===Technology===
*[[Armored matrix]]
*[[Artificial intelligence]]
*[[Artificial intelligence]]
**[[Avatar]]
*[[Holography]]
**[[Holotank]]
*[[Jiralhanae power armor]]
*[[Jiralhanae power armor]]
**[[Jiralhanae Chieftain|Chieftain]] variant
**[[Jiralhanae Chieftain|Chieftain]] variant
*[[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor]]
*[[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor]]
**[[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor#First generation|MJOLNIR [GEN1]]]
***[[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor/Mark VI|Mark VI]]
****Upgraded variant
**[[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor (GEN2)|MJOLNIR [GEN2]]]
**[[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor (GEN2)|MJOLNIR [GEN2]]]
***[[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor/Aviator|Aviator]] variant
***[[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor/AA variant]]
***[[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor/Operator|Operator]] variant
***[[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor/Aviator]]
***[[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor/Pathfinder|Pathfinder]] variant
***[[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor/Recruit]]
***[[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor/R variant|Recon]] variant
***[[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor/S variant]]
***[[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor/Recruit|Recruit]] variant
***[[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor/S variant|Scout]] variant
***[[MJOLNIR Powered Assault Armor/Soldier|Soldier]] variant
*[[Methane tank]]
*[[ODST armor]]
*[[ODST armor]]
*[[Respirator pack]]
*[[The Package (data storage unit)]]
*[[Combat harness|Sangheili combat harness]]
*[[Sangheili combat harness]]
**[[Sangheili Warrior|Warrior]] variant
**[[Sangheili Warrior|Warrior]] variant
*[[M8900 drop pod]]
*[[Single Occupant Exoatmospheric Insertion Vehicle]]
*[[Unggoy combat harness]]
*[[Unggoy combat harness]]
**[[Unggoy Storm|Storm]] variant
**[[Unggoy Storm|Storm]] variant
**[[Unggoy Imperial|Imperial]] variant
**[[Unggoy Imperial|Imperial]] variant
*[[UNSC Marine Corps Battle Dress Uniform]]
{{col-end}}
}}
 
==Production notes==
*In Issue 1 depicts Palmer's [[Strident-class heavy frigate|''Strident''-class frigate]] in the likeness of its low-detail campaign incarnation rather than the high-detail version seen in ''[[Spartan Ops]]''.
*The same issue features several Grunts in [[Unggoy Storm#Storm|Storm]] armor and a Sangheili in [[Sangheili Warrior#Warrior|Warrior]] armor (both originating in ''Halo 4'') in a scene set during the Human-Covenant War. Despite this, the Brute chieftain Palmer fights resembles the class' ''[[Halo 3]]'' incarnation.
 
===Mistakes===
*In Issue 2, when Palmer proceeds to don her MJOLNIR armor via one of the robotic assembly stations, she is erroneously [[:File:HI-SarahPalmer-ArmorUp.jpg|depicted]] as lacking the titanium nanocomposite bodysuit on which the "hard" armor components are affixed; she is only shown wearing the innermost [[:File:H4-Concept-Undersuit-Female.jpg|undersuit]].
*In Issue 2, Zane's first name is written I'''sl'''a, whereas in Issue 3 it is written I'''ls'''a.
*In the first issue, Musa-096 states, "''It's two thousand years since Thermopylae.''" However, the [[Wikipedia:Battle of Thermopylae|Battle of Thermopylae]] took place in 480 BCE, more than 3000 years prior to Musa speaking these words in January 2553.


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
Line 194: Line 131:
File:Haloinitiation1variant.jpg| Issue #1 variant cover art (final) by Terry Dodson and Rachael Dodson.<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OnG3aFTUG-Y</ref>
File:Haloinitiation1variant.jpg| Issue #1 variant cover art (final) by Terry Dodson and Rachael Dodson.<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OnG3aFTUG-Y</ref>
File:HI Cover 2.jpg|Issue #2 cover art by Paul Richards.
File:HI Cover 2.jpg|Issue #2 cover art by Paul Richards.
File:HI Cover 3.jpg|Issue #3 cover art by [[Kenneth Scott]].
File:HI Cover 3.jpg|Issue #3 cover art by Kenneth Scott.
</gallery>
</gallery>


==Sources==
==Sources==
{{Ref/Sources}}
<references/>


{{Navbox/Media/Comic}}
{{Literature}}
[[Category:Canon|Initiation]]
[[Category: Canon|Initiation]]
[[Category:Comics|Initiation]]
[[Category: Comics|Initiation]]

Please note that all contributions to Halopedia are considered to be released under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (see Halopedia:Copyrights for details). If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don't submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. Do not submit copyrighted work without permission!

Cancel Editing help (opens in new window)

To view or search uploaded images go to the list of images. Uploads and deletions are also logged in the upload log. For help including images on a page see Help:Images. For a sound file, use this code: [[Media:File.ogg]].

Do not copy text from other websites without permission. It will be deleted.