Editing Gravemind

{{Status|Canon}}

{{Flood infobox

|image= [[File:HTMCC-H2A Gravemind.png|350px]]

|height=

|distinctions= Massive worm-like head with many tentacle appendages. Collective Flood consciousness; frequently speaks in trochaic heptameter

|attacks= [[Neural physics]]

The '''Gravemind'''<ref>'''Halo 2''', campaign level ''[[High Charity (level)|High Charity]]'', (''Cortana: "Flood controlled dropships are touching down all over the city! That creature beneath the Library, that 'Gravemind', used us. We were just a diversion."'')</ref> ('''''Inferi sententia''''', meaning ''"Thinking Dead"''),<ref name="bestiarum">'''[[Bestiarum]]'''</ref> infrequently referred to as the '''Ancient One''',<ref>[[Halo 4]] - [[War Games]] - [[Ancient One]] "Gravemind! The Ancient One...", [[Announcer]]</ref> and formally known as a '''compound intelligence''',<ref>'''Halo 3''', ''[[Terminal (Halo 3)#Terminal Five|Terminal 5]]''</ref><ref>'''[[Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary]]''', [[Library (feature)|Library]]: ''Proto-Compound Intelligence''</ref> is the shared consciousness of the entire [[Flood]] species which first emerges when the Flood reaches the [[Coordinated Stage]]. While this compound mind inhabits all Flood forms, it is distinctly embodied in processing nodes of agglomerated Flood biomatter known as [[key mind]]s. The Gravemind is the highest stage of the Flood's development, though its complexity and capabilities depend on the size and number of the key minds which can, at the height of a Flood outbreak, engulf entire worlds.<ref name="deluge">[https://www.halowaypoint.com/en-us/news/deluge-delights ''Halo Waypoint'': "Canon Fodder - Deluge Delights"]</ref>

Around a million years after the downfall of the Precursors,<ref>'''Halo: Silentium''', ''page 173''</ref> a being later known as the [[Primordial]]—a mutated Precursor—was confined to a Precursor [[stasis capsule]] and placed beneath the surface of a small planetoid at the edge of the [[Milky Way]] by an unknown group of beings, suspected to be ancient Forerunners. Meanwhile, most of the last surviving Precursors converted their bodies into an organic powder, and planned to regenerate back into their original forms at a later time. However, the millions of years that followed rendered the powder defective, and the resurrection process instead yielded malformed, parasitic lifeforms that could assimilate organic matter - the nascent stage of the Flood.

During the course of their onslaught against the humans and San'Shyuum, the Flood would frequently capture, infect, and merge host organisms into unified masses with an encompassing intelligence; Graveminds. Soon after, the Flood collective made the decision to recede from the galaxy, halting the parasite's spread across human-controlled space. The Flood were driven out and retreated from the Milky Way, not to be seen again for another thousand years. While these early Flood were destroyed, and their Graveminds with them, the Flood would return in newer, more capable forms.

The Primordial told Mendicant that the Forerunners were never meant to inherit the Mantle and that they had defied the Precursors. It also told the AI that if the sentient life in the Milky Way could not defy the Flood, especially the humans, then all life would be brought together and unified into the logical, advanced form of life; a collective, conglomerated entity without conflict and pain. It claimed that the Forerunners had forced the galaxy towards perpetual stagnation by stifling growth, conflict, and progress in their misuse and illegitimate claim to the Mantle. Eventually, Mendicant Bias became convinced by these arguments, and turned rampant, seeking to "correct" the flawed, misguided ways of the Forerunners.

To this end, Mendicant Bias began to cooperate with the Primordial on Installation 07, where they continued to infect humans and Forerunners alike in a series of brutal experiments.<ref>'''Halo: Primordium''', ''page 67''</ref> 43 years after the release of the Primordial, Mendicant Bias used the Halo ring to [[Fate of Maethrillian|attack]] [[Maethrillian|the Capital]] of the Forerunner [[ecumene]], and managed to inflict heavy casualties on the Forerunners, though it was soon forced to retreat. Eventually, the return of the Forerunners to the rogue installation and the shutdown of the facility and its custodian led to the recapture of the rogue Halo, resulting in a temporary setback for the Flood and Mendicant Bias. The [[IsoDidact]] interrogated the Primordial and eventually forced it to undergo a billion years of entropy in a reverse [[timelock]], disintegrating its physical form; however, the being had managed to transfer its consciousness into the Flood's neural network. Now effectively synonymous with the Gravemind, the Primordial assumed control of the Flood's efforts with a renewed purpose.<ref>'''Halo: Silentium''', ''page 167''</ref><ref>'''Halo Mythos''', ''page 32''</ref>

The Forerunner military continued to delay the use of the Halos for a time, instead continuing to deploy more conventional strategies against the Flood in the following years.<ref>'''Halo: Primordium''', ''page 374-375''</ref> However, these measures failed to halt the Flood's spread across the Forerunners' ecumene. Entire worlds were engulfed by the Flood and converted to [[key mind]]s, enabling the Flood to control the Precursors' [[neural physics]] constructs and dominate the Forerunners in naval engagements by using [[star road]]s as weapons.{{Ref/Reuse|silentium}}

During the last years of the war, the Gravemind captured the [[Ur-Didact]], who recognized it as the same intelligence as the Primordial, who he had interrogated ten thousand years earlier. The Gravemind tortured and corrupted the Didact's mind by informing him of not only the truth about the Precursors and the Flood, but also the Flood's true intentions: To bring eternal suffering to all life in the galaxy as punishment for the Forerunners' crimes against the Precursors. The Gravemind explained that like the Precursors, the Flood desired to create life. But this time, their creations would be made without free will or individuality, and would never be able to challenge their creators as the Forerunners had. The Gravemind then released the Ur-Didact, knowing his damaged psyche would bring further ruin to the Forerunners.<ref name="ReferenceA">'''Halo: Silentium''', ''String 13''</ref>

Just before the [[Halo Array]]'s activation, the primary Gravemind imprinted the [[Mind transfer|archived essences]] of [[Forthencho]] and three of his warriors on human bodies and sent them down to [[Earth]] to deliver a message to the [[Librarian]]. Forthencho informed her that the [[Domain]]—which was a Precursor creation—would be destroyed when the Halos were activated. The Gravemind expressed satisfaction in knowing that the Forerunners' history would be lost and viewed this as the Flood's final act of revenge against the Forerunners. Soon afterwards, the Graveminds were destroyed and the Flood collective consciousness was rendered inert by the activation of the Halo Array.<ref name="Terminal">'''Halo 3''', ''[[Terminal (Halo 3)|Terminals]]''</ref> However, over a century later, [[IsoDidact|Bornstellar Makes Eternal Lasting]], formerly the IsoDidact, viewed a message from the Librarian which told of the Gravemind's final revelation and requested that he restore the Domain. Bornstellar led [[Mission to Maethrillian|a mission]] to [[Maethrillian]] that succeeded in beginning the regeneration of the Domain, depriving the Gravemind of its perceived final victory.<ref>'''[[Halo: Fractures]]''', "[[Promises to Keep]]"</ref>

Through neglect shown by the Monitor of [[Installation 05]], [[2401 Penitent Tangent]], a Flood outbreak occurred a few thousand years after the firing of the Array, and the Gravemind was able to find enough biomass to rebuild itself deep under the [[Library]] of the installation. During the [[Battle of Installation 05]], it assimilated the dead [[Prophet of Regret]] into itself and also captured the [[Monitor]]; possibly as a result of this, the Gravemind was capable of utilizing Delta Halo's [[teleportation grid]]. The Flood intelligence later "rescued" and captured both [[John-117|Master Chief]] and the [[Thel 'Vadam|Arbiter]], when the former fell into a lake while trying to escape from a Covenant ship, and the latter was thrown into a chasm by a traitorous [[Tartarus]]. The Gravemind tried to convince the Arbiter of the true nature of the Halo Array, and proposed a truce to prevent the Covenant from activating the rings and killing them all. It then used the installation's [[teleportation grid]] to teleport them respectively to ''High Charity'' and Delta Halo's control room in order to find the [[Index]].

The Gravemind later captured the {{UNSCShip|In Amber Clad}} and used it to board the [[Covenant]] holy city ''[[High Charity]]'', crashing the frigate into a city wall and releasing numerous [[Pelican]]s full of the Flood plague, taking advantage of the distraction caused by both the [[Great Schism]] and the Master Chief. Within days it took over the entire city and all life within it. The UNSC AI [[Cortana]], who was left on ''High Charity'' by the Master Chief, was quickly contacted by the Gravemind, which started to psychologically torture her in order to subjugate her and obtain useful information from her. As Gravemind tortured Cortana in search of information, the two would enter in a conversation about diverse themes, such as John-117 and the danger he posed to the Flood, which the Gravemind acknowledged as a fact.<ref name="Human Weakness">'''Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe''', ''Human Weakness''</ref> Meanwhile, the Gravemind slowly started to become ''High Charity'' itself after taking it over completely, converting the whole city into a Flood environment and as his base of operations.<ref>http://blog.ascendantjustice.com/halo-3/hindsight-halo-3/halo/</ref>

The Gravemind initially planned to attack and infest Earth; even though the Elites quarantined the area, it managed to send a [[Indulgence of Conviction|single Flood-infested ship]] to Earth; it even allowed Cortana to leave a message for the Master Chief on the ship, in order to lure him to his destruction (although the Gravemind did not know what was the content of the message). The infestation of Earth was contained; the Gravemind used High Charity to make a [[Slipstream space|slipspace]] jump to [[Mars]] and would have continued the attack, but after having assimilated the knowledge of the infected Regret (and possibly [[Prophet of Mercy|Mercy]] and Cortana), it learned about the [[Prophet of Truth]]'s plans to use the Ark to remotely activate the entire Halo Array. Realizing the extent of the danger it faced, the Gravemind did not attack Earth but instead once again used the Covenant Holy City to slipspace jump to the Ark. Despite the Gravemind's immense technological expertise—including its use of exotic [[Precursor]] science—the strain caused by this jump caused ''High Charity'' to crash into the Ark.<ref name="Bulletin924">[https://www.halowaypoint.com/en-us/news/the-halo-bulletin-knowledge-drop '''Halo Waypoint''' - The Halo Bulletin: 9.24.14'']</ref>

[[File:GravemindMainTentaclesHalo3.jpg|thumb|250px|The Gravemind betrays [[John-117]] and [[Thel 'Vadam]] once more as his main tentacles appear.]]

As the Chief traveled deep into High Charity, he faced multiple Flood forms and was taunted by the voice of the Gravemind which allowed Cortana to briefly send pained messages as it corrupted and tortured the UNSC AI. The Gravemind became increasingly frustrated at the Spartan's progress, becoming suspicious of what Cortana was hiding from him and threatening to "feast upon [the Chief's] bones" if she did not reveal the secret.

{{Main|Second Ark Conflict}}

The Gravemind's warning proved sound: in [[2559#June|June 2559]], [[Banished]] forces on the Ark led by [[Jiralhanae]] brothers [[Pavium]] and [[Voridus]] were sent to scout the shell of [[High Charity]] and salvage the wrecks around it for weapons to use in the Banished's [[Second Ark Conflict|conflict]] with the {{UNSCShip|Spirit of Fire}}. However, defying orders to leave the former Covenant holy city untouched, Vordius deactivated the Ark's Sentinel defense network and burned a hole in the [[containment shield]] with a [[Barukaza Workshop Scarab]]. The Flood, having survived within the wreckage, were released upon the Ark once more.<ref name="What Could Go Wrong?">'''[[Halo Wars 2: Awakening the Nightmare]]''', campaign level ''[[What Could Go Wrong?]]''</ref> The Flood quickly formed a [[Proto-Gravemind]], causing the Flood to develop greater coordination and sophistication as time went on, in particular recognizing the threat posed by the controls to reactivate the Ark's Sentinel defense network.<ref name="The Archive">'''[[Halo Wars 2: Awakening the Nightmare]]''', campaign level ''[[The Archive]]''</ref> This Proto-Gravemind retained a measure of the deceased Gravemind's intellect, but the Gravemind's new vessel had to feed and spread in order for the Gravemind to fully manifest once again.<ref name="IH2">'''[[Halo Wars 2]]''', ''[[Phoenix Logs]]'' - ''Proto-Gravemind''</ref>

 

After reactivating the Ark's Sentinel defense network,{{Ref/Reuse|The Archive}} the Proto-Gravemind was discovered by the Banished. By this point, it was close to becoming a full-fledged Gravemind which the Banished knew from the stories would be virtually unstoppable. Aided by the reactivated Sentinels, the Banished attacked the Proto-Gravemind in an effort to destroy the creature before a new Gravemind could be formed. With the help of a [[Retriever Sentinel]] summoned when the Banished cleaned out a nearby Sentinel lock, the Proto-Gravemind was slain, preventing the rise of a new Gravemind. The Banished and the Ark's Sentinels were then finally able to contain the Flood outbreak.<ref name="Manifestation">'''[[Halo Wars 2: Awakening the Nightmare]]''', campaign level ''[[Manifestation]]''</ref>

 

 

The Gravemind is, as its name suggests, the "mind" of the Flood parasite. When a creature is assimilated into the Flood, its knowledge is transferred directly to the Gravemind. In addition, it appears each Gravemind also retains the memories and knowledge of previous Graveminds.<ref>'''[[Halo Encyclopedia (2009 edition)]]'''</ref> This has made the Gravemind virtually omniscient and ensures that should the Gravemind be destroyed, its consciousness will never truly die as long as some Flood forms are left. In an [[Terminal (Halo 3)|archived]] conversation with the Forerunner [[Artificial intelligence|AI]] known as [[Mendicant Bias]], it compared itself to the AI, describing Mendicant Bias as "a single intelligence inhabiting multiple [[wikipedia:Class (computer science)|instances]]" and calling the Gravemind "a compound [intelligence] consisting of a thousand billion coordinated minds inhabiting as many bodies as circumstances require". While it is not known how the Gravemind is able to communicate with subordinate Flood forms across the galaxy, its self-comparison to a computer network implies that similar techniques may be used, with each Flood form possibly acting as a [[Wikipedia:Node (networking)|networking node]] and redistributing the Gravemind's commands to other forms. This is almost certainly related to the Precursor connection to the concept of [[neural physics]], which could enable them to form a trans-sentient network without any need for any conventional communication methods.  

The relationship between individual Graveminds, and specifically whether the mobile forms under the control of one Gravemind would be influenced by another, is not entirely clear. The Forerunners theorized that since the Graveminds are entirely identical in terms of personality and goals, it would be impossible to discern any meaningful distinction between them.{{Ref/Reuse|bestiarum}} In addition, separate collectives under the control of individual Graveminds will seek to connect and coalesce into a unified whole.<ref name="wp flood">[https://www.halowaypoint.com/en-us/universe/species/flood '''Halo Waypoint''': ''Flood'']</ref> It would appear as though multiple Graveminds existing simultaneously simply causes them to function as highly powerful processing nodes for the overall Flood intelligence, essentially acting as key mind forms on an exceptionally large and complex scale. In essence, no matter how many individual Graveminds form, there is still only ''one'' Gravemind intelligence.

[[File:HTMCC-H2A NoSalvationOnThisRing.png|thumb|250px|The Gravemind under Installation 05.]]

A Gravemind originates as a [[proto-Gravemind]]—a Flood form created by merging the bodies and biomass of numerous sentient life forms, as well as redundant Flood forms. After a proto-Gravemind has been created, control over individual Flood forms transfers to its emerging compound intelligence, replacing the localized individual-level control present during the [[Feral Stage]]. Nearby [[Flood combat form|combat forms]] will continue to supply the proto-Gravemind with fresh bodies, allowing it to accumulate mass, increase in size, and gain more memories and intelligence from consumed hosts. Eventually, the proto-Gravemind reaches a certain "critical mass" and becomes self-aware - a Gravemind. By this point, local biodiversity has typically been eliminated with the host species' total absorption into the Flood.{{Ref/Reuse|wp flood}}

When a Flood outbreak progresses far enough, typically the later phases of the [[Interstellar Stage]], the Flood will no longer have need for the widespread creation of [[Flood combat form|dedicated combat forms]], instead simply overwhelming a given location with [[Flood spore|spores]] and using infected individuals to accumulate biomass for a Gravemind and [[Flood hive|its lair]];<ref>'''Halo: Silentium''', ''pages 231-232''</ref> by this point, the Gravemind may create more efficient [[Flood pure form|pure forms]] for combat and other purposes via the spontaneous generation of Flood Super Cells.{{Ref/Reuse|wp flood}} Entire planetary ecosystems are assimilated into advanced [[key mind]] nodes; these enormous collectives possess tremendous processing power, being able to outsmart even the most powerful [[Forerunner]] [[artificial intelligence]]s or control the [[neural physics]]-based architecture of the [[Precursor]]s.<ref name="silentium">'''Halo: Silentium''', ''pages 186-187''</ref>

A Gravemind is comprised of a combination of pure [[Flood Super Cell]]s and the neural networks of the sentient beings absorbed within.{{Ref/Reuse|bestiarum}} Although its consciousness is distributed throughout all Flood forms in range, a Gravemind is typically, if not always, centralized within a large "body" of Flood tissue derived from the initial proto-Gravemind. In most cases, this body is a shapeless, amorphous mass, typically with numerous tentacles that can reach many miles in length depending on the size of the Gravemind. The Gravemind can rearrange this body as it wishes; during the Flood invasion of ''[[High Charity]]'' during the Human-Covenant War, the Gravemind leading the assault transplanted itself into the station and almost completely engulfed it, converting itself and the station into a Flood hive. As the development of a Gravemind progresses, it will sometimes shed dead biomass to alter its anatomy to a desired shape.<ref>'''Halo: Silentium''', ''page 209''</ref>

[[File:HTMCC-H2A ThisRingWillMakeUsBrothers.png|thumb|250px|Installation 05's Gravemind with [[Arbiter]] [[Thel 'Vadam]]ee and [[SPARTAN-II program|Spartan]] [[John-117]].]]

Graveminds have shown the capacity to communicate through non-verbal means; this ability, which can best be described as a form of telepathy, allows a Gravemind to coordinate the Flood forms it controls and to directly converse with uninfected individuals.{{Ref/Reuse|bestiarum}} While this ability is poorly understood, it is likely that given the Flood's [[Precursor]] origins, it is related to the Precursor concept of [[neural physics]].

Throughout nearly all encounters with the "modern" Gravemind, it has shown a fondness for speaking in poetic style - specifically, trochaic heptameter. When pressed about this detail by Cortana, it states that'' "I have the memories of many poets far beyond your limited human culture. And I have the quickness of intellect to compose all manner of poetic forms as I speak rather than labor over mere words for days."''<ref>'''Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe''' - ''"Human Weakness"'', ''pages 373-374''</ref>

[[File:Gravemind.svg|200px|thumb|The avatar of the Gravemind as seen in the [[Terminal (Halo 3)|Terminal]]s.]]

Although multiple Graveminds have existed throughout time, sometimes contemporaneously with one another, they all share precisely the same obscure, complex and highly intelligent personality. It also appears to retain the memories of anything and everything it has ever assimilated, even in the case of near-complete annihilation of the Flood. When the Halo array was fired for instance, all Flood biomass in the galaxy was eliminated in its entirety, yet the Gravemind retained its personality and memories when next encountered thousands of years later. This would seem to indicate that the Gravemind has the ability to somehow preserve itself in a non-physical form even if destroyed. When it was first seen by the [[John-117|Master Chief]] and the [[Thel 'Vadam|Arbiter]], the Gravemind was calm and collected, if not seemingly sad or mournful, and it spoke with a sullen tone in its voice. It was also quite logical and rational, psychologically analyzing the duo, and trying to convince the Arbiter of the [[Halo Array|Halo rings']] true purpose, to which the Arbiter reacted with stubborn pride. The Gravemind showed no irritation to this nor the bickering of [[2401 Penitent Tangent]] and the former [[Prophet of Regret]].{{Ref/Reuse|h2gm}} Later, though, the Gravemind showed a more emotional side, basking in its victory at ''High Charity'', and displaying a sinister air of anger when demanding answers from the newly captured [[Cortana]].

The Gravemind often touts to others that the Flood represents peace and salvation. At the same time, however, it is very much aware of the pain and suffering its victims are subjected to. It sees this as fair retribution for the Forerunners' crimes against its Precursor ancestors. According to the Gravemind, the Flood, down to its very nature and the suffering it inflicts, serves as an appropriate reflection and reminder of the pain that the Precursors ultimately brought on themselves by giving their creations free will; it considers itself a "monument" to the sins of other sentient beings. It regards the Flood as a continuation of the Precursors' desire to create life, but unlike before, the life they bring forth would no longer possess free will or individuality. Embittered by the Forerunners' rebellion, the Gravemind saw the Flood as a means to unite all life in eternal misery so that it could never hope to rise against the Precursors again.<ref>'''Halo: Silentium''', ''pages 173-175''</ref>

The Gravemind appears to have the ability to sort and isolate memories from specific individuals that it has absorbed and has, in several instances, projected some of the personalities it contains to further its own goals. On Installation 05, it assimilated and reanimated the [[Prophet of Regret]], using him as a puppet in its attempt to convince [[Arbiter]] [[Thel 'Vadam]] of the truth about the Halos.{{Ref/Reuse|h2gm}} During the [[Forerunner-Flood war]], a hundred thousand years earlier, it absorbed the family of [[Faber]], the [[Master Builder]], and used their disillusionment toward the Master Builder to its advantage by taunting him with a message from his family.<ref>'''Halo: Silentium''', ''page 251''</ref>

This corruption can also be applied to organic beings; although the Gravemind most commonly operates by absorbing all sentient biological lifeforms, it instead chose to corrupt the [[Ur-Didact]] in order to use him as a tool to induce strife within Forerunner society. Much like AI corruption in certain occasions (namely, in the case of Cortana), this process involved a direct and agonizing invasion of the Didact's mind, as well as devious exploitation of his existing attitudes and beliefs, leaving his psyche severely disturbed.{{Ref/Reuse|ReferenceA}}

 

{{Quote|It's very old, the monster. Older than the light, older than this rock... older than your god. It knows us... inside and out. Smells our fear. Sees our secrets. It's been here... all that time. Waiting. To meet you... in the dark. There's nothing you can give it. The only thing the monster wants is for you to know... that there's nothing you can ever love that it can't take away. You believe me now, don't you?|[[Kwan Ha]] to [[Kessler]]{{Ref/Film|Id=Sanctuary|TV|Episode=[[Sanctuary (TV Series)|Sanctuary]]}}}}

 

After the [[Fall of Reach/Silver|Fall of Reach]], [[The Mother]] warned Kwan in a vision that the monster was close now.{{Ref/Film|Id=Aleria|TV|Episode=[[Aleria (TV Series)|Aleria]]}}

*The term "Gravemind" was coined by Bungie staff member Jaime Greisemer.<ref>[http://halo.bungie.net/News/content.aspx?type=topnews&link=Feast_of_Bones '''Bungie.net''': ''Feast of Bones'']</ref>

*In ''Halo 3'', the Gravemind's face is never shown, unlike in ''Halo 2'', when it is shown in its introductory cinematic. However, the Gravemind is shown in the [[Halo 3 Instruction Manual|''Halo 3'' instruction manual]] as being slightly changed in looks, being the first detailed design of the Gravemind before ''[[Halo 2: Anniversary]]''.

*The Gravemind resembles Audrey 2 from ''[[wikipedia:Little Shop of Horrors (film)|Little Shop of Horrors]]'', a tentacled, plant-like alien who is fed humans to grow and who is bent on world domination. Bungie staff and fans jokingly call it the "''Little Shop of Horrors'' Reject"{{Citation needed}}

*The Gravemind was initially going to have a much greater presence in ''Halo 2'' and would have been introduced in the level [[forerunnertank]], but due to time constraints, Bungie removed the level and instead made a long cinematic for his introduction.

*The Gravemind pictured in the ''Halo 3'' instruction manual looks strikingly similar to Ogdru Jahad's Behemoth manifestation from the 2004 ''Hellboy'' film.

*From  gameplay, the Gravemind (through his Combat Forms) has rarely been heard calling John-117 and Thel Vadam "The Coffin" and "Pallbearer", respectively.

File:H3 Gravemind Concept.jpg|Concept art of the Gravemind in ''[[Halo 3]]''.

File:H2A - GravemindConcept_2.jpg|Another concept of the ''Halo 2: Anniversary'' Gravemind.

File:HTMCC-H2A Gravemind&Thel.png|The Gravemind with Thel 'Vadam in ''Halo 2: Anniversary''.

**''[[Terminal (Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary)|Terminals]]''

{{Ref/Sources}}

[[Category:Flood forms]]

[[Category:Flood characters]]

[[Category:Genderless characters]]