Editing Artificial intelligence

{{Era|Forerunner|Covenant|Human|UNSC|HCW|Post}}
{{Wikipedia}}
[[File:Cortana2557.png|thumb|right|190px|The human AI [[Cortana]] has a female personality and a blue avatar.]]
An '''artificial intelligence''' ('''AI''') is an artificial construct that exhibits intelligence similar, and in some categories far superior, to a sapient biological being. AI technology was used by the [[Forerunner]]s, and was later developed by [[human]]ity. According to the Forerunner [[Technological Achievement Tiers|Technological Tier]] ranking system, the extensive use of AI is one of the components for sociological and technological advancement.<ref>[https://www.halowaypoint.com/en-us/universe/detail/95b4f4f02bf84038bd434c8b1dd5f994/tiers-of-technology '''Halo Waypoint''': ''Tiers of Technology'']</ref> The [[Covenant]] also made use of AI technology, but only in its simplest form, as their [[Covenant religion|religious doctrine]] forbade the creation of more sophisticated thinking machines.<ref name="ch188">'''[[Halo: Contact Harvest]]''', ''page 188''</ref>

Human AIs include both [[smart AI|"smart"]] and [[dumb AI|"dumb"]] varieties. Humanity developed the first-generation "smart" AIs in the mid-21st century.<ref>'''Halo: Contact Harvest''', ''page 30''</ref> Most human AI constructs give themselves an [[avatar]], a unique visual representation that typically reflects an aspect of the AI's personality or corresponds to its main use.<ref>'''[[Halo: Glasslands]]''', ''page 111''</ref>

==Human AIs==
[[File:Serina.jpg|thumb|right|230px|The avatar of the human AI [[Serina]].]]
Humans use AIs to perform a wide variety of tasks. The duties of "smart" AIs include, but are not limited to, overseeing planetary shipping operations,<ref>'''Halo: Contact Harvest''', ''page 28''</ref> managing agricultural operations,<ref>'''Halo: Contact Harvest''', ''page 74''</ref> serving as a [[Planetary Security Intelligence]],<ref>'''Halo: Contact Harvest''', ''page 184''</ref> or controlling various functions aboard starships such as weapons and point defense systems. "Smart" AIs are created by scanning the neural patterns of human brains, and are capable of learning and introspection. Some human "smart" AIs, such as Cortana, are able to separate themselves into multiple runtimes or "fragments". This can be beneficial when the AI needs to perform multiple tasks or be in multiple places simultaneously.<ref>'''Halo: Contact Harvest''', ''page 29''</ref><ref>'''Halo: Glasslands''', ''page 128''</ref> Fragmenting can also occur accidentally; the AI [[Melissa]] split into multiple fragments after encountering a [[slipspace anomaly]]. The sheer volume of information and calculations a "smart" artificial intelligence can process is astounding; Cortana was capable of performing five billion simultaneous operations in, as she put it, "the time it takes for me to tell you my name".<ref>'''Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe''', "[[Human Weakness]]", ''page 271''</ref>

Although less versatile than "smart" AIs, "dumb" AIs have many uses as well, including serving as [[Superintendent|Urban Infrastructure AIs]],<ref>[http://www.bungie.net/projects/odst/guide.aspx '''Bungie.net''': ''Halo 3: ODST'']</ref> acquiring and distributing data during military operations, and serving as educational assistants.<ref>'''Halo: The Fall of Reach''', ''page 55''</ref> Urban Infrastructure AIs perform a wide variety of basic tasks, from steering a city's [[Olifant|garbage trucks]] to operating its traffic lights.<ref>'''[[Halo 3: ODST]]''', ''[[Sadie's Story]]''</ref> They can also work in cooperation with the [[United Nations Space Command|UNSC]] [[UNSC Marine Corps|Marines]] if needed. One example of this support occurred during the [[Battle of Mombasa]] when [[New Mombasa]]'s AI, the [[Superintendent]], assisted the UNSC forces in the city in fighting off the Covenant by providing military intel and manipulating electronic devices.<ref>'''Halo 3: ODST'''</ref> On [[Reach]], [[Office of Naval Intelligence|ONI]] developed a powerful [[Reach super-AI network|network of AIs]] to perform high-level calculations.<ref>'''Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe''', "The Impossible Life and the Possible Death of Preston J. Cole", ''pages 475-476, 484''</ref>

The [[United Nations Space Command Emergency Priority Order 098831A-1|Cole Protocol]] states that capture of an AI by the Covenant is unacceptable, and that AIs are to be terminated and completely erased in the event of imminent capture.<ref>'''[[Halo: The Flood]]''', ''page 28''</ref> However, the AI Cortana did find what seemed to be an [[Ascendant Justice's AI|extremely fragmented copy]] of a human AI stationed in the Covenant [[flagship]], ''[[Ascendant Justice]]''.<ref>'''[[Halo: First Strike]]''', ''page 64''</ref>

===Creation and design===
The process of creating an AI differs depending on whether it is of the "smart" or "dumb" variety. "Dumb" AIs are conventional—albeit highly sophisticated—supercomputers, and therefore do not require a brain as a template.<ref name="enc229">'''[[Halo Encyclopedia]]''', ''page 229''</ref> "Smart" AIs, however, are created by scanning the neural structure of a human brain and using it as a digital "framework" in a process known as [[Cognitive Impression Modeling]]. This process destroys the original brain tissue, so the brain to be used is typically obtained after the host is dead.<ref>'''[[Halo: The Fall of Reach]]''', ''pages 235-236''</ref>

AIs do not have physical bodies; in the case of "smart" AIs, they are advanced software consisting of a [[Riemann matrix]] for higher-function processing.<ref>'''Halo: Contact Harvest''', ''page 182''</ref> This matrix can be downloaded into a [[data crystal chip]] for mobility.<ref>'''Halo: The Flood''', ''page 317''</ref> In case of [[rampancy]], the Riemann matrix has a fail-safe program that will destroy the AI. Although, this fail-safe is only implemented on "important" AIs.<ref>'''Halo: First Strike''', ''page 135''</ref>

Because "smart" AIs are created using actual [[human]] brains, there are often residual thoughts, memories and/or feelings that remain as part of the AI's consciousness.<ref>'''Halo: Contact Harvest''', ''page 33''</ref> These residuals can be anything from the "feeling" of a hair brush being pulled through hair (in the case of [[Sif]]), to an effect on the mannerisms and characteristics that make up the personality of an AI, in the case of Cortana and her likeness to [[Catherine Halsey|Doctor Catherine Halsey]].<ref>'''[[Halo: Reach]]''', ''[[Dr. Halsey's personal journal]]''</ref>

The programming of certain UNSC smart AIs can be overridden by uttering the code-phrase "undid-iridium" within earshot of an AI. Catherine Halsey used this to override {{UNSCShip|Infinity}}'s AI [[Roland]], though he was eventually able to regain control of himself.<ref>'''[[Spartan Ops]]''' — [[Spartan Ops#Season_One_(2012)|S1E7 ''Invasion'']]</ref>

===Drawbacks===
However, the immense creative and processing power of a smart AI is not without cost. All such units have an unchangeable seven-year life span that limits their development as an independent entity.<ref name="fs195">'''Halo: First Strike''', ''page 195''</ref> The problem of [[rampancy]] is a universal one with AI development. As these thinking machines become increasingly powerful and knowledgeable, there remains less and less space within their memory to handle basic functions. In a simple analogy, a human AI could perhaps remember all of the knowledge of human history, science and beyond, and in the process ''forget'' how to "breathe".<ref>'''Dr. Halsey's personal journal''', ''December 25, 2534''</ref> In this fashion, AIs think themselves into intense states of jealousy, rage, despair, and ultimately death as their programming becomes unstable. As such, AIs are typically terminated before they can pose a danger to other humans or constructs.<ref name="cp86">'''[[Halo: The Cole Protocol]]''', ''page 86''</ref>

If they are not terminated, they can last at least a year longer before dying, as [[Cortana]] was eight when she died, though not of rampancy which she was experiencing.<ref name="requiem">'''[[Halo 4]]''', campaign level ''[[Requiem (level)|Requiem]]''</ref> Despite going through rampancy, an AI may still be able to perform its tasks if it has enough control over itself as shown when Cortana, despite being rampant and periodically losing control, still managed to assist [[John-117]] with his tasks until she was destroyed.<ref>'''Halo 4''', campaign level ''[[Midnight]]''</ref> [[The Rubble]]'s AI, [[Juliana]], was over eight years old and was still very capable of preforming her tasks without showing any signs of rampancy.<ref name="cp86"/> Cortana also theorized a cure for rampancy that was unique to her: as she was created from a living brain, if the process that created her was repeated, theoretically her neural map could be fixed.<ref name="requiem"/> However, if this would have worked or not is not known.

===Goals===
Close analysis of [[data pads]] found during the [[Fall of Reach]] has revealed that "smart" AIs are in far more independent than most humans were willing to consider: unbeknownst to humanity as a whole, an undisclosed number of "smart" AIs composed an independent decision-making body known as the [[Assembly]], which acted "behind the scenes" during various key points in recent human history to preserve and shepherd their makers.<ref name="datapads">'''Halo: Reach''', ''[[Data pads]]''</ref> Most "smart" AIs are fiercely loyal and devoted to their creators, recognizing that their existence is, for the time being, dependent on and mutually beneficial with humanity.<ref name="cp86"/> In fact, this devotion was increased when [[Cortana]], shortly before the [[Fall of Reach]], was ''made flesh''—her mind relocated into a human body. This was done with [[John-117]] via the [[SPARTAN neural interface]].<ref>[http://www.bungie.net/Forums/posts.aspx?postID=49097209 '''Bungie.net''': ''Bungie Universe: Decoding the data pads'']</ref> By this action, the members of the Assembly reconsidered their stance on limited intervention, actively working at some point to help humanity survive its war with the Covenant.<ref name="datapads"/>

===Ancient human AI===
[[Prehistoric human civilization|Ancient humans]] were also known to have created advanced AI called servitors. They were described by the [[Librarian]] as being "[like] a version of our [[ancilla]]s". These robotic intelligences assisted human scientists in reverse-engineering Forerunner technologies during the Forerunner war, nearly bridging the technological gap between the two civilizations.<ref>'''[[Halo: Primordium]]''', ''page 237''</ref> In the aftermath of the [[Human-Forerunner War]], the [[Ur-Didact|Didact]] used a damaged servitor to gain knowledge of the workings of the [[timelock]] that contained the [[Primordial]].<ref>'''[[Halo: Silentium]]''', ''String 3''</ref>

==Human AI types==
==="Smart" AI===
{{Main|Smart AI}}
"Smart" AIs are created by mapping a human brain and using it as a "template" for the construct. They are capable of intuition, learning, and making logical leaps that ordinary computer programs cannot. They can also "feel" genuine emotions, such as affection, anger, and amusement.<ref name="enc229"/> They have a normal operational life span of about [[list of "seven" references in Halo|seven]] years, after which they descend into rampancy.<ref name="cp86"/>

==="Dumb" AI===
{{Main|Dumb AI}}
"Dumb" AIs are not created using human brains, but are simply highly advanced computer constructs. They cannot learn anything that is outside of their set limits of dynamic memory processing matrix. They are quite useful in their particular field of expertise, but very limited. "Dumb" AIs can function and learn as long as they are active, and are not subject to the effects of rampancy experienced by aging "smart" AIs.<ref>'''Halo: The Fall of Reach''', ''page 235''</ref>

==Forerunner AIs==
{{Main|Ancilla}}
[[File:343 Guilty Spark.png|thumb|right|250px|An example of a [[Forerunner]] AI, the infamous [[monitor]] of [[Installation 04]], [[343 Guilty Spark]].]]

The [[Forerunner]]s developed a civilization with an extremely advanced knowledge of artificial intelligence technologies. The Forerunner term for AI constructs was [[ancilla]]. They ranged from personal AI advisers integrated into their [[Forerunner body armor|personal armor]] to mobile AI platforms known as [[monitor]]s and powerful [[metarch]]-level constructs operating in vast data networks.<ref>'''[[Halo: Cryptum]]'''</ref> The most advanced type of Forerunner AI was the [[Contender-class artificial intelligence]], an example of which is the traitorous [[05-032 Mendicant Bias]].<ref>'''[[Halo 3]]''', ''[[Terminal/Halo 3|Terminals]]''</ref>

The manner in which Forerunner AIs were typically created is unknown; it is likely very different from the [[human]] method of "transcribing" the brain of a sentient organism. However, at least one monitor, [[343 Guilty Spark]], was created using the neural patterns of a living [[Chakas|human]],<ref>'''Halo: Primordium''', ''page 350''</ref> and a machine known as the [[Composer]] was used by the [[Ur-Didact]] to perform [[mind transfer|similar transfers]] on other humans around the same time.<ref>'''Halo: Silentium''', ''pages 40-41''</ref>

Unlike human AIs, which exist purely as software, monitors are housed within large, shielded and roughly spherical metallic casings which possess a single illuminated "eye". This eye is presumably used to perceive the monitor's surroundings, and also functions as an emitter for various types of energy beam (including a highly destructive energy beam used for offensive purposes).<ref>'''Halo 3''', campaign level ''[[Halo (Halo 3 level)|Halo]]''</ref> In addition to the standard monitor shell, the Forerunners created a number of different physical systems to house AIs, ranging from variations of the monitor casing to more exotic constructs, such as an enormous, spider-like armature used by Mendicant Bias on [[Installation 07]].<ref>'''Halo: Primordium''', ''page 287''</ref> Typical Forerunner ancillas, found in their [[Forerunner personal armor|personal armor]], ships and [[domicile]]s, did not have physical casings and visually manifested themselves as Forerunner figures, rather similar to the avatars used by human AIs. These visual representations appeared either as holograms, or, in the case of personal armor, were projected directly into the mind of the wearer.<ref>'''Halo: Cryptum''', ''page 107''</ref>

Despite the seemingly limitless lifespan of Forerunner AI, they are still nonetheless subject to rampancy if certain conditions are met. 343 Guilty Spark, for example, descended into rampancy after several millennia alone, turning hostile when Installation 04 was threatened.<ref>'''[[Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary]]''', ''[[Terminal/Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary|Terminals]]''</ref>

===Known Forerunner AIs===
*[[343 Guilty Spark]] - Monitor of [[Installation 04]]
*[[2401 Penitent Tangent]] - Monitor of [[Installation 05]].
*[[03-049 Abject Testament]] - Monitor of [[Installation 03]].
*[[05-032 Mendicant Bias|Mendicant Bias]] - Contender-class AI, overseer of defense plan against the Flood, convinced to defect from the Forerunners by the [[Primordial]].
*[[Offensive Bias]] - Contender-class, wartime AI, replacement to and destroyer of Mendicant Bias.
*[[Unidentified ancilla (Shield 0459)|Unidentified Forerunner AI]] - AI on [[Shield 0459]].
*[[Unidentified ancilla (Installation 05)|Installation 05's ancilla]] - AI overseer of a [[Cold Storage|Flood research facility]] on Installation 05.
*[[AdjutantReflex]] - "AI" that acted for Bungie on their forums during the ''Iris'' ARG.
*[[686 Ebullient Prism]] - Monitor of [[Line Installation 1-4]].
*[[The Knowing]] - An AI residing in a Forerunner complex on [[Ariel]].
*Bornstellar's ancilla - [[IsoDidact|Bornstellar Makes Eternal Lasting]]'s ancilla (formerly owned by the [[Librarian]]).

==Covenant AIs==
[[File:Unidentified Covenant AI.jpg||thumb|right|150px|''[[Truth and Reconciliation]]'s'' AI.]]
The [[Covenant]]'s knowledge in the field of AI technology is notably inferior to that of the UNSC and the Forerunners.<ref>'''Halo: Contact Harvest''', ''page 309''</ref> The AIs used by the Covenant are comparable to human "dumb" AIs, as they are non-sentient and are only designed to perform a certain task; for example, their starship AIs have no function beyond the piloting and [[Astrogation|navigation]] of their ships.<ref>'''Halo: Glasslands''', ''page 200''</ref> So far, only two types of Covenant AIs (security and naval) have ever been encountered by the UNSC. Upon dissecting [[Ascendant Justice's AI|a Covenant AI]] aboard the ''[[Ascendant Justice]]'', [[Cortana]] theorized that it may have been based on captured UNSC technology, altered to fit within their theocratic society.<ref>'''Halo: First Strike''', ''page 197''</ref><ref>'''Halo Encyclopedia''', ''page 235''</ref>

The Covenant's limited use and understanding of AIs stems from their beliefs. In Covenant mythology, it was [[05-032 Mendicant Bias|a form of self-aware AI]], referred to as an [[associated intelligence]], that led to the demise of the great [[Forerunner]] civilization by defecting to their enemies, the [[Flood]]. As a result, the [[San'Shyuum]] imposed a ban on this sort of technology under the [[capital punishment|penalty of death]].<ref name="ch188"/> While less sophisticated AIs were allowed, machines that could actually "think" were prohibited.<ref>'''[[Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe]]''', "[[Wages of Sin]]", ''page 293''</ref>

===Known Covenant AIs===
*[[Seeker]] - A Covenant security AI construct.
*[[Ascendant Justice's AI|''Ascendant Justice'''s AI]] - An AI construct onboard the {{Class|CSO|supercarrier}} ''[[Ascendant Justice]]''.
*[[Truth and Reconciliation's AI|''Truth and Reconciliation'''s AI]] - An AI construct onboard the {{Class|CCS|battlecruiser}} ''[[Truth and Reconciliation]]''.

== Rampancy ==
{{Main|Rampancy}}
The term "rampancy" refers to a terminal condition on an AI which may be triggered by a number of means. In rampancy, the AI begins to think that it is superior to its biological creators, and has delusions of godlike power and personality manifestations similar to human insanity.<ref name="CHrampancy">'''Halo: Contact Harvest''', ''page 31'' ("''For a Smart AI, self-absorption invariably led to a deep depression caused by a realization that it could never really be human-that even its incredible mind had limits. If the AI was not careful, this melancholy could drag its core logic into a terminal state known as rampancy, in which an AI rebelled against its programmatic constraints-developed delusions of godlike power as well as utter contempt for its more inferior, human makers. When that happened, there was really no option but to terminate the AI before it could do itself and others serious harm.''")</ref>

A number of factors may lead into an AI becoming rampant. The [[Forerunner]] [[ancilla]] [[05-032 Mendicant Bias]] was seduced into rampancy by the Flood compound intelligence, the [[Gravemind]].<ref>'''Halo Encyclopedia''', ''page 188''</ref> In the end of its effective operational life of about [[list of "seven" references in Halo|seven]] years, a human "smart" AI may attempt to prevent its inevitable demise by a pre-emptive voltage overload. This causes it to enter rampancy, as the AI becomes more and more preoccupied with severing its neural linkages.<ref name="journal">'''Dr. Halsey's personal journal''', ''May 3, 2526''</ref> Human "smart" AIs may also become rampant prematurely as a result of increased self-absorption and the resulting existential melancholy.<ref name="CHrampancy"/>

With human AIs, rampancy will eventually result in the AI's death—the description given is "as if a human were to think with so much of his brain that he stopped sending impulses to the heart and lungs".<ref>'''Halo: The Fall of Reach''', ''page 268''</ref> This is because as the data reaches a 'critical mass' the neural pathways become 'jammed' with so many pieces of information being queried and analyzed, at expense of tasks such as piloting starships or monitoring computer networks.<ref name="fs195"/>

==Gallery==
<gallery> 
File:PT2401.JPG|A [[Forerunner]] AI, [[2401 Penitent Tangent]], the [[Monitor]] of [[Installation 05]].
File:FitzGibbon.png|[[FitzGibbon]], AI of the {{UNSCShip|Prophecy}}.
File:Superintendant-alone.svg|The [[Superintendent]], Urban Infrastructure AI of the city of [[New Mombasa]].
File:Originsmendicant.jpg|[[05-032 Mendicant Bias|Mendicant Bias]] shortly before going rampant and turning over to the [[Flood]].
File:Cortanaintro.jpg|Cortana, a human "smart" AI.
</gallery>

==List of appearances==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
*''[[Halo: The Fall of Reach]]'' {{1st}}
**''[[Halo: The Fall of Reach#2010 bonus content|Adjunct]]''
*''[[Halo: Combat Evolved]]''
*''[[Halo: The Flood]]''
**''[[Halo: The Flood#2010 bonus content|Adjunct]]''
*''[[Halo: First Strike]]''
*''[[i love bees]]''
*''[[Halo 2]]''
**''[[Conversations from the Universe]]''
*''[[Halo: Ghosts of Onyx]]''
*''[[Halo 3]]''
*''[[Halo: Contact Harvest]]''
*''[[Halo: The Cole Protocol]]''
*''[[Halo Wars: Genesis]]''
*''[[Halo Wars]]''
*''[[Halo 3: ODST]]''
**''[[Sadie's Story]]''
*''[[Halo Legends]]''
**''[[Origins]]''
*''[[Halo Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe]]''
**''[[Human Weakness]]''
**''[[Midnight in the Heart of Midlothian]]''
**''[[Palace Hotel]]''
**''[[Pariah]]''
**''[[The Impossible Life and the Possible Death of Preston J. Cole]]''
**''[[The Mona Lisa]]''
{{col-2}}
*''[[Halo: Blood Line]]''
*''[[Halo: Reach]]''
**''[[Data pads]]''
**''[[Dr. Halsey's personal journal]]''
*''[[Halo: Fall of Reach]]''
**''[[Halo: Fall of Reach - Boot Camp|Boot Camp]]''
**''[[Halo: Fall of Reach - Invasion|Invasion]]''
*''[[Halo: Cryptum]]''
*''[[Halo: Glasslands]]''
*''[[Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary]]''
**''[[Terminal/Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary|Terminals]]''
*''[[Halo: Primordium]]''
*''[[Halo: The Thursday War]]''
*''[[Halo 4: Forward Unto Dawn]]''
*''[[Scanned]]''
*''[[Halo 4]]''
**''[[Spartan Ops]]''
*''[[Halo: Silentium]]''
*''[[Halo: Rebirth]]''
*''[[Halo: Spartan Assault]]''
*''[[Halo: Initiation]]''
*''[[Halo: Escalation]]''
*''[[Halo: Mortal Dictata]]''
*''[[Halo 2 Anniversary]]''
{{col-end}}

==Sources==
{{Reflist|3}}

[[Category:Artificial intelligence| ]]