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{{Status|Canon}}
{{Era|Forerunner|Covenant|Human|UNSC|HCW|Post|RW|ILB|IRIS}}
{{Wikipedia}}
{{SeeWikipedia|Africa}}
[[File:H2ACampaign HomeFleetInEarthOrbit.png|thumb|250px|Western Africa and parts of southern [[Europe]].]]
[[Image:Africa satellite.jpg|thumb|Composite satellite image of the African continent.]] '''Africa''' is a continent on [[Earth]], and is the second-largest continent after [[Wikipedia:Asia|Asia]].
'''Africa''' is the second-largest continent on [[Earth]]. It has a multitude of peoples, languages and cultures.<ref name="encyc296">''[[Halo Encyclopedia (2009 edition)]]'', Earth, p. 285, (2009); p. 296 (2011)</ref>
 
==Background==
[[Image:Location Africa.png|300px|right|thumb|Location of Africa]]At about 30,221,532 km² (11,668,545 mi²) including adjacent islands, it covers 6.0% of the Earth's total surface area, and 20.4% of the total land area. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Suez Canal and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. There are 46 countries, including Madagascar, and 53 island groups.
 
Africa, particularly central eastern Africa, is widely regarded [within the scientific community] to be the origin of [[human]]s and the [[Wikipedia:Hominidae|Hominidae family]] (great apes), as evidenced by the discovery of the earliest hominids and their possible ancestors, as well as later ones that have been dated to around seven million years ago – including ''[[Wikipedia:Sahelanthropus|Sahelanthropus tchadensis]]'', ''[[Wikipedia:Australopithecus africanus|Australopithecus africanus]]'', ''[[Wikipedia:Australopithecus afarensis|Australopithecus afarensis]]'', ''[[Wikipedia:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]'', ''[[Wikipedia:Homo erectus|Homo habilis]]'' and ''[[Wikipedia:Homo erectus|Homo ergaster]]'' – with among the latest being ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' found in Ethiopia being dated to ca. 200,000 years ago this is the most important continent on Earth as to seeing what lies beneath its sands.<ref>http://web.utah.edu/unews/releases/05/feb/homosapiens.html</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:ObservingArtifact.png|thumb|Ancient humans witnessing the near-completion of the Portal.]]
===Ancient history===
===Ancient history===
[[File:ObservingArtifact.png|thumb|Ancient humans witnessing the near-completion of the Portal.]]
Africa has always played a key role in human history, being the birthplace of humanity as a species. Periodical waves of outward migration resulted in the spread of several species to more distant parts of the world, including the earliest known migrations of Homo erectus, and several later migrations of [[Human|Homo sapiens]]. During the [[Forerunner-Flood war]], the [[Librarian]] built a [[The Portal|structure]] in East Africa, near Mount Kilimanjaro.
Following the conclusion of the [[human-Forerunner wars]], the humans that were permitted to live on were taken to Earth and were given over to the care of [[Lifeworker]]s for observation and study. The [[Librarian]] herself gave many humans [[geas]] at that time. As the last years of the [[Forerunner-Flood war]] waned, the [[Conservation Measure]] saw species from all across the globe collected for future preservation, in one way or another. It was from Africa that the [[Librarian]] oversaw her efforts on Earth, and it was there she remained even up unto the point where [[star road]]s and the [[Flood]] entered the [[Sol system]]. Her last act was to set the construction of [[the Portal]] in East Africa into motion. It would go on to be completed after the [[Great Purification|firing]] of the [[Halo Array]], but even after humans were returned once more to the [[planet]], it lay dormant, eventually being covered by the Earth as the years went on.
 
===Rise of humanity===
Due to Africa's wealth, the continent has experienced numerous wars.{{Ref/Reuse|encyc296}} In [[2411]], at least [[UNSC Crassus|one]] {{Class|Crassus|supercarrier}} served the [[East African Protectorate]]s regional peacekeeping forces, acting as a training ship and drone mothership until [[2490]], when it was retired from service and moved to serve as a floating military museum.{{Ref/Site|Id=CFStrike|URL=https://www.halowaypoint.com/news/canon-fodder-ship-strike|Site=Halo Waypoint|Page=Canon Fodder - Ship Strike|D=21|M=04|Y=2023}}


===Battle of Earth===
===Battle of Earth===
{{main|Battle of Earth|Battle of Kenya}}
{{main|Battle of Earth}}
[[File:LC 002 Doc Recon.png|thumb|300px|ONI surveillance of the Covenant's excavation of the Portal, burning away much of the surface of Eastern Africa.]]
On [[2552|October 2552]], the [[Prophet of Regret]] found Earth in search of the [[The Portal|Portal]]. They landed only in one spot in the country of [[Kenya]], in and around the city of [[Mombasa]].<ref>'''[[Halo 2]]''', campaign level, ''[[Outskirts]]''</ref> [[Prophet of Regret|Regret's]] forces tried to hold onto and capture the city from the [[United Nations Space Command|UNSC]] [[UNSC Defense Force|Defense Force]], but failed. Then, his flagship, ''[[Solemn Penance]]'', jumped into [[Slipstream space|Slipspace]], damaging the city. After this, more Covenant ships appeared, [[glassing]] Mombasa and its surroundings to uncover the Portal to the Ark, which had been buried under the ground for more than a hundred thousand years.
On [[2552|October 2552]], the [[Prophet of Regret]] found Earth in search of the [[The Portal|Portal]]. They [[Battle of Mombasa|landed only in one spot]] in the country of [[Kenya]], in and around the [[city]] of [[Mombasa]].{{Ref/Level|[[Halo 2]]|[[Outskirts]]}} [[Prophet of Regret|Regret's]] forces tried to hold onto and capture the city from the [[United Nations Space Command|UNSC]] [[UNSC Defense Force|Defense Force]], but failed. Then, his [[flagship]], ''[[Solemn Penance]]'', jumped into [[Slipstream space|Slipspace]], damaging the city. After this, more Covenant ships appeared, [[glassing]] Mombasa and its surroundings to uncover the Portal to the Ark, which had been buried under the ground for more than a hundred thousand years.{{Ref/Level|[[Halo 3: ODST]]|[[Coastal Highway]]}} Fighting also took place in [[Cairo]].{{Ref/Reuse|encyc296}}


Four weeks later, the uncovering process of the Portal was complete. The [[Prophet of Truth]] came to Earth on his [[Forerunner Dreadnought]], landing in the center of the Portal. The UNSC, believing the structure to be [[Installation 00|the Ark]], [[Battle of Voi|attempted to stop]] the Covenant from activating it, with no effect.{{Ref/Level|[[Halo 3]]|[[The Storm]]}} Truth and his [[Truth's fleet|fleet]] escaped through the Portal, and a [[Flood]]-[[Indulgence of Conviction|infected ship]] arrived just after, followed shortly by [[Covenant separatists|the Sangheili]]. To prevent the Flood from spreading and consuming the planet, the [[Fleet of Retribution]] glassed a large portion of the continent, bringing a bitter and violent close to the [[Battle of Kenya]].{{Ref/Level|[[Halo 3]]|[[Floodgate]]}}
Four weeks later, the uncovering process of the Portal was complete. The [[Prophet of Truth]] came to Earth on his [[Forerunner Dreadnought|Dreadnought]], landing in the center of the Portal. The UNSC, believing the structure to be [[Installation 00|the Ark]], [[Battle of Voi|attempted to stop]] the Covenant from activating it, with no effect.<ref>'''[[Halo 3]]''', campaign level, ''[[The Storm]]''</ref> Truth and his fleet escaped through the Portal, and a [[The Flood|Flood]]-[[Indulgence of Conviction|infected ship]] arrived just after, followed shortly by [[Swords of Sanghelios|the Sangheili]]. To prevent the Flood from spreading and consuming the planet, the [[Fleet of Retribution]] glassed a large portion of the continent, bringing a bitter and violent close to the battle.<ref>'''[[Halo 3]]''', campaign level, ''[[Floodgate]]''</ref>


===Post-Covenant war===
In [[2555]], the portal was activated again, leading to a massive invasion of Earth by [[Retriever Sentinel]]s sent by [[000 Tragic Solitude]], that was stopped by the human and Sangheili forces at [[Installation 00]].<ref>'''Halo: Hunters in the Dark'''</ref>
In [[2555]], the portal was activated again, leading to a massive [[invasion of Earth]] by [[Retriever Sentinel]]s sent by [[000 Tragic Solitude]], that was stopped by the human and Sangheili forces at [[Installation 00]].{{Ref/Novel|Halo: Hunters in the Dark|Chapter=??}}


==Geography==
==Major locations==
As the second largest continent, Africa takes up approximately 20% of Earth's land area. It is both verdant and features deserts. Both Kenya and Tanzania were located in east Africa,{{Ref/Reuse|encyc296}} with [[Zanzibar Island]] located off the east coast of the continent.{{Ref/Book|Halo: The Essential Visual Guide|Page=207}}
*[[wikipedia:Egypt|Egypt]]
 
===Locations===
*[[Burundi]]
*[[East African Protectorate]]
*[[East African Protectorate]]
**[[Kenya|Republic of Kenya]]
**[[Kenya|Republic of Kenya]]
***[[Mombasa]] ([[Template:MombasaLocales|Locations]])
***[[Mombasa]]
****[[New Mombasa]]
****[[Old Mombasa]]
***[[Nairobi]]
***[[Nairobi]]
***[[Voi]]
***[[Voi]]
***[[Tsavo]]
***[[Tsavo]]
***[[Tsavo highway (location)|Tsavo Highway]]
***[[Tsavo Highway]]
***[[The Portal]]
***[[The Portal]]
***[[Research Center Alpha]]
***[[Pylon Five]]
**[[Tanzania|United Republic of Tanzania]]
**[[Tanzania|United Republic of Tanzania]]
***[[Arusha]]
***[[Arusha]]
***[[Mount Kilimanjaro]]
***[[Mount Kilimanjaro]]
***[[Zanzibar Island]]
***[[Zanzibar Island]]
*[[Egypt]]
**[[Diego Garcia]]
**[[Cairo]]
*[[Ethiopia]]
*[[South Africa]]
**[[Durban (Earth)|Durban]]
 
==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:HSA Flood infesting Earth.jpg|A simulation of a [[Flood]] infestation of Africa conducted after the war.
</gallery>


==List of appearances==
==List of appearances==
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**''[[Origins]]''
**''[[Origins]]''
*''[[Halo Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe]]''
*''[[Halo Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe]]''
**''[[Palace Hotel]]''
**''[[Palace Hotel (short story)|Palace Hotel]]''
*''[[Halo: Reach]]''
*''[[Halo: Reach]]''
*''[[Halo: Glasslands]]''
*''[[Halo: Glasslands]]''
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*''[[Halo: Hunters in the Dark]]''
*''[[Halo: Hunters in the Dark]]''
*''[[Halo 5: Guardians]]''
*''[[Halo 5: Guardians]]''
*''[[Halo Mythos]]''
*''[[Halo: Renegades]]''
*''[[Halo: Point of Light]]'' {{Mo}}


==Sources==
==Sources==
{{Ref/Sources}}
<references/>


[[Category:Africa]]
[[Category:Continents]]
[[Category:Earth]]

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