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==History== | ==History== | ||
===Origins=== | |||
The beginnings of the Insurrection are closely intertwined with the socioeconomic composition and role of humanity's Outer Colonies as well as the realities of [[Human colonies|interstellar expansion]].<ref name="history">'''Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe''', "The Impossible Life and the Possible Death of Preston J. Cole", ''page 428-429''</ref> | |||
The [[Unified Earth Government]]'s first wave of extrasolar colonization took place between [[2362]] and [[2390]], resulting in the formation of the prestigious [[Inner Colonies]]. During the century that followed, new colonies were established at an even more rapid pace as the technologies involved became more widely available and affordable; the worlds settled during this period would become the Outer Colonies. Many of the Outer Colonies were established to supply goods for the Inner Colonies and [[Earth]] and entire worlds were established for the purposes of [[agriculture world|agriculture]] or mining. Earth and the Inner Colonies became exceedingly dependent on resources produced by the Outer Colonies, prompting Earth to take steps to ensure they stayed loyal to its authority.<ref>'''[[Halo Encyclopedia]]''', ''page 43'' (2011)</ref> | |||
From the beginning, the Outer Colonies were bound to become more unstable than the Inner Colonies. Whereas the original settlers of the latter had been carefully selected from Earth's finest, by the time the Outer Colonies were created the recruitment standards had loosened considerably and were no longer as strictly supervised. Many of the corporations contracted for off-world colonization had their interests in obtaining rights to valuable resources, colonial personnel being a secondary consideration: this led to the illegal conscription of colonists or acquiring them from among pardoned criminals. The Outer Colonies also became a haven for Earth and Inner Colony citizens unhappy with the Earth government or otherwise looking for a fresh start, and many fled to the Outer Colonies through both legal and illegal means.<ref name="history"/> | |||
In the early days of human colonization, [[UNSC Navy|UNSC Naval]] escorts and shipboard [[UNSC Marine Corps|Marine]] complements had accompanied the outbound [[colony ship]]s in order to maintain security as well as to justify the continued upkeep of the UNSC's massive military, which had not been needed in its [[Interplanetary War|original capacity]] for well over a century.<ref>''Xbox.com'': The Halo Timeline (defunct, [[Archive:Xbox.com/Halo/Timeline|Archived]])</ref> As colonization became more affordable and widespread following the settlement of the Inner Colonies, the nascent Outer Colonies initially lacked a pervasive military presence—apart from the [[Colonial Military Administration]], whose true loyalties ultimately lay with the colonies over Earth.<ref name="HE34">'''[[Halo Encyclopedia]]''', ''page 34''</ref> As [[piracy]] began to plague the colony systems, some of the colonies appealed to the UNSC for protection, which began the UNSC's involvement in the Outer Colonies.<ref>'''Halo: Mortal Dictata''', ''page 356''</ref> | |||
===Escalation=== | ===Escalation=== | ||
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In [[2491]], [[Elias Carver|Dr. Elias Carver]] presented a set of theories known as the ''[[Carver Findings]]'' to the [[UNSC High Command]]. According to a projection algorithm devised by Dr. Carver, social order in the Outer Colonies would break down completely in the near future. To stabilize the colonies, Carver recommended a swift and extensive military action on part of the UNSC.<ref>'''Halo Encyclopedia''' ''page 44''</ref> Carver's critics asserted that the situation between the core worlds and the Outer Colonies could be stabilized through diplomacy over enough time; however, the UNSC military adopted the ''Carver Findings'' as their standard model for the years to come and sought to curb any major unrest with military intervention.<ref name="journal"/> In the same year, the UNSC resurrected the mothballed [[ORION Project]], creating the first generation of supersoldiers designed to surgically remove rebel leadership.<ref>'''Halo Encyclopedia''' ''page 33'' (2011)</ref> Carver's proposal also informed the creation of the subsequent [[SPARTAN-II Program]], although by the time of its creation the predicted scenario was even bleaker: an endless, apocalyptic civil war between the Inner and Outer Colonies.<ref name="journal"/> After the onset of the [[Human-Covenant War]], the Spartans were re-prioritized to deal with the new alien enemy, becoming exceedingly successful and well-publicized in this role. | In [[2491]], [[Elias Carver|Dr. Elias Carver]] presented a set of theories known as the ''[[Carver Findings]]'' to the [[UNSC High Command]]. According to a projection algorithm devised by Dr. Carver, social order in the Outer Colonies would break down completely in the near future. To stabilize the colonies, Carver recommended a swift and extensive military action on part of the UNSC.<ref>'''Halo Encyclopedia''' ''page 44''</ref> Carver's critics asserted that the situation between the core worlds and the Outer Colonies could be stabilized through diplomacy over enough time; however, the UNSC military adopted the ''Carver Findings'' as their standard model for the years to come and sought to curb any major unrest with military intervention.<ref name="journal"/> In the same year, the UNSC resurrected the mothballed [[ORION Project]], creating the first generation of supersoldiers designed to surgically remove rebel leadership.<ref>'''Halo Encyclopedia''' ''page 33'' (2011)</ref> Carver's proposal also informed the creation of the subsequent [[SPARTAN-II Program]], although by the time of its creation the predicted scenario was even bleaker: an endless, apocalyptic civil war between the Inner and Outer Colonies.<ref name="journal"/> After the onset of the [[Human-Covenant War]], the Spartans were re-prioritized to deal with the new alien enemy, becoming exceedingly successful and well-publicized in this role. | ||
===Far Isle rebellion=== | |||
{{Main|Far Isle rebellion}} | |||
[[File:HL Screenshot HL-OriginsII Screenshot LongswordBombingRun-1.png|thumb|right|350px|[[GA-TL1 Longsword]]s releasing their payloads over an unidentified human city during the Insurrection.]] | |||
Perhaps the most notorious instance of the brutal and heavy-handed approach the UNSC and CMA took to quelling rebellions in the late 25th century was that of [[Far Isle]]. In [[2492]], in the midst of the rising tensions throughout the colonies, Far Isle was among the first of the colonies to go into a full-scale revolt. Despite their best efforts, the UNSC were unable to contain the rebellion, and as a result, they resorted to [[nuclear weapon]]ry, razing the entire colony and leaving no survivors from the populace. They subsequently declared [[Bandersnatch|Code: BANDERSNATCH]], indicating a major radiological- or energy-based disaster.{{Ref|'''''[[Halo: Ghosts of Onyx]]''' - Chapter Twenty-One, Page 183 (2006 edition)|Name=GoOFarIsle}}{{Ref|'''''[[Halo Encyclopedia: The Definitive Guide to the Halo Universe|Halo Encyclopedia]]''' - Locations: Human Colonies'', Page 288 (2009 edition); Page 300 (2011 edition)|Name=EncyclopediaFarIsle}}{{Ref|'''''[[Halo: Mortal Dictata]]''' - Chapter Ten'', Page 291-292 (2014 edition)|Name=MortalDictataFarIsle}} | |||
Although not usually acknowledged as the inciting incident of the Insurrection,{{Ref/Reuse|MythosDDandInsurrection}} the destruction of Far Isle caused multiple larger rebellions elsewhere, and was considered a significant factor in motivating the Insurrection as a whole.{{Ref/Reuse|EncyclopediaFarIsle}} Far Isle remained a driving force for the hatred that many individuals bore for the UNSC and UEG even as late as [[2553]], in staunchly independent colonies such as [[Venezia]].{{Ref/Reuse|MortalDictataFarIsle}} | |||
===The Callisto Incident=== | ===The Callisto Incident=== | ||
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The ''Bellicose'' survived, however, and remained in the shadows until eventually reappearing with an Insurrectionist fleet, dealing the Covenant a crippling blow in the [[Battle of Psi Serpentis]]. | The ''Bellicose'' survived, however, and remained in the shadows until eventually reappearing with an Insurrectionist fleet, dealing the Covenant a crippling blow in the [[Battle of Psi Serpentis]]. | ||
===Operation: TREBUCHET=== | |||
{{Main|Operation: TREBUCHET}} | |||
[[File:Eridanus Rebels and UNSC clash.png|left|275px|thumb|Rebels from Eridanus Secundus encounter UNSC troops.]] | |||
In [[2513]], the UNSC initiated Operation: TREBUCHET, one of the largest operations in UNSC history; spanning ten years and costing hundreds of thousands of lives, the goal was to root out the Insurrectionists and impose order in the Outer Colonies. | |||
Fighting broke out in the [[Eridanus system]], particularly at Eridanus II and the space around it, as rebels supporting the system's breakaway from the UNSC built a small navy of civilian craft and attempted to take over the system. The disorganized [[Eridanus rebels]] were eventually brought together by [[Robert Watts|Colonel Robert Watts]]. The UNSC responded harshly, sending a [[fleet]] of [[UNSC destroyer|destroyers]] and [[UNSC carrier|carriers]] to the system to combat the rebel fleet. The resulting battle pitted the UNSC against at least one hundred smaller rebel craft.<ref name=TFOR2>'''Halo: The Fall of Reach''', ''pages 75-77''</ref> The UNSC forces defeated their rebel counterparts with little difficulty. During the battle, the rebels were routed and the remnants of their fleet fled into the asteroid belt to [[Eridanus Secundus]]. They would eventually establish a fully functional asteroid base and began conducting raids again by [[2525]].<ref name=TFOR2/> | |||
A ground campaign also began on Eridanus II, as units from the [[9th Marine Expeditionary Force]] were sent to the planet in force, hoping to capture leaders of the rebel movement and pacify the population. One of these units, the first Battalion of the [[21st Marine Division]] commanded by [[Lieutenant Colonel]] [[Ponder]], was involved in a disastrous mission to try and capture a rebel leader - the second in command - in [[Elysium City]], which ended in the leader's family being killed and Ponder wounded and demoted.<ref>'''Halo: Contact Harvest''', ''page 112''</ref> | |||
The fighting eventually spread to the [[Epsilon Eridani system]]. By [[2524]], the fighting involved in Operation: TREBUCHET alone had taken over a million lives, the majority of which being civilians. In that year, a Marine battalion was posted at the colony world of [[Tribute]], commanded by Lieutenant Colonel [[Aboim]] and supported by the corvette {{UNSCShip|Bum Rush}} and air support from [[AV-14 Hornet|Hornet]]s. The battalion attempted to put a stop to rebel bomb makers near the city of [[Casbah]]. Two special warfare squads, led by [[Staff Sergeant]]s [[Avery Johnson]] and [[Nolan Byrne]], were involved in disastrous operation in June. Byrne's team was killed during a hostage situation at a [[Jim Dandy]] restaurant near Casbah city; thirty-eight civilians, three Marines, and two rebels were killed in the bombing. Byrne and Johnson were pulled from the system, and were later sent to [[Harvest]].<ref name="ch"/> | |||
An armed insurgency also occurred on the colony of [[Epsilon Eridani IV]], which the legendary [[Admiral]] [[Preston Cole]] was sent to put down.<ref>'''[[Halo Wars: Official Strategy Guide]]''', ''page 22''</ref> | |||
===Kidnapping at Eridanus Secundus=== | ===Kidnapping at Eridanus Secundus=== | ||